1
|
Das A, Justin Thomas KR. Generation and Application of Aryl Radicals Under Photoinduced Conditions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400193. [PMID: 38546345 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced aryl radical generation is a powerful strategy in organic synthesis that facilitates the formation of diverse carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. The synthetic applications of photoinduced aryl radical formation in the synthesis of complex organic compounds, including natural products, physiologically significant molecules, and functional materials, have received immense attention. An overview of current developments in photoinduced aryl radical production methods and their uses in organic synthesis is given in this article. A generalized idea of how to choose the reagents and approach for the generation of aryl radicals is described, along with photoinduced techniques and associated mechanistic insights. Overall, this article offers a critical assessment of the mechanistic results as well as the selection of reaction parameters for specific reagents in the context of radical cascades, cross-coupling reactions, aryl radical functionalization, and selective C-H functionalization of aryl substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Das
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - K R Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nagy B, Gonda Z, Földesi T, Fehér PP, Stirling A, Tolnai GL, Novák Z. Photoinduced Decarboxylative Borylation of N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters with Hypoboric Acid. Org Lett 2024; 26:2292-2296. [PMID: 38477500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
We developed a visible-light-driven photochemical transformation in which activated primary, secondary, and tertiary alkylcarboxylic acids were converted into the corresponding boronic esters in the absence of catechol and any added photocatalyst. The procedure relies on the utilization of hypoboric acid and redox-active esters of alkylcarboxylic acids to ensure a simple and economic procedure. Quantum chemical calculations and mechanistic considerations provide deeper insights into the mechanism of photochemical borylation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Nagy
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Gonda
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELTE Novel Scaffolds Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Földesi
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Pál Fehér
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Stirling
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Leányka u. 6, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
| | - Gergely L Tolnai
- ELTE Novel Scaffolds Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yoshimi Y. Organic Photoredox Reactions in Two-Molecule Photoredox System. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300326. [PMID: 38050955 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Using our recent relevant results, this account shows the featured reactivities of two-molecule photoredox systems compared to one-molecule photoredox systems. The low efficiency of electron transfer processes, such as photoinduced and back-electron transfer, in the two-molecule photoredox system, furnishes unique products through different pathways. The facile replacement of photoredox catalysts with appropriate oxidation/reduction potentials in this system provides valuable insights into photoredox reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karthick M, Gupta S, Ramanathan CR. Decarboxylative Iodination and Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reactions to Access Chiral 3,3'-Diaryl-1,1'-bi-2-naphthols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:291-303. [PMID: 38064439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of the enantiomerically pure 3,3'-bis-arylated BINOLs is accomplished through decarboxylative iodination of the dimethyl ether derivative of BINOL-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid followed by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling using a one-pot protocol. The decarboxylative iodination is effected with the dimethyl ether derivative of BINOL-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid using iodine as a terminal oxidant and the cheaply available K3PO4 as a base under neat conditions. This protocol facilitated the introduction of the aryl group at the 3,3'-position on the binaphthyl system using aryl boronic acid through a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushmita Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Ehehalt LE, Huang Z, Beleh OM, Guzei IA, Weix DJ. Formation of C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Bonds Instead of Amide C-N Bonds from Carboxylic Acid and Amine Substrate Pools by Decarbonylative Cross-Electrophile Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9951-9958. [PMID: 37126234 PMCID: PMC10175239 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-heteroatom bonds, most often amide and ester bonds, are the standard method to link together two complex fragments because carboxylic acids, amines, and alcohols are ubiquitous and the reactions are reliable. However, C-N and C-O linkages are often a metabolic liability because they are prone to hydrolysis. While C(sp2)-C(sp3) linkages are preferable in many cases, methods to make them require different starting materials or are less functional-group-compatible. We show here a new, decarbonylative reaction that forms C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds from the reaction of activated carboxylic acids (via 2-pyridyl esters) with activated alkyl groups derived from amines (via N-alkyl pyridinium salts) and alcohols (via alkyl halides). Key to this process is a remarkably fast, reversible oxidative addition/decarbonylation sequence enabled by pyridone and bipyridine ligands that, under reaction conditions that purge CO(g), lead to a selective reaction. The conditions are mild enough to allow coupling of more complex fragments, such as those used in drug development, and this is demonstrated in the coupling of a typical Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) anchor with common linkers via C-C linkages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhidao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Omar M. Beleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu YC, West JG. Chemoselective Decarboxylative Protonation Enabled by Cooperative Earth-Abundant Element Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213055. [PMID: 36350328 PMCID: PMC9839625 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Decarboxylative protonation is a general deletion tactic to replace polar carboxylic acid groups with hydrogen or its isotope. Current methods rely on the pre-activation of acids, non-sustainable hydrogen sources, and/or expensive/highly oxidizing photocatalysts, presenting challenges to their wide adoption. Here we show that a cooperative iron/thiol catalyst system can readily achieve this transformation, hydrodecarboxylating a wide range of activated and unactivated carboxylic acids and overcoming scope limitations in previous direct methods. The reaction is readily scaled in batch configuration and can be directly performed in deuterated solvent to afford high yields of d-incorporated products with excellent isotope incorporation efficiency; characteristics not attainable in previous photocatalyzed approaches. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate a radical mechanism and kinetic results of unactivated acids (KIE=1) are consistent with a light-limited reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Julian G West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu P, Su W, Ritter T. Decarboxylative sulfoximination of benzoic acids enabled by photoinduced ligand-to-copper charge transfer. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13611-13616. [PMID: 36507153 PMCID: PMC9682917 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05442f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfoximines are synthetically important scaffolds and serve important roles in drug discovery. Currently, there is no solution to decarboxylative sulfoximination of benzoic acids; although thoroughly investigated, limited substrate scope and harsh reaction conditions still hold back traditional thermal aromatic decarboxylative functionalization. Herein, we realize the first decarboxylative sulfoximination of benzoic acids via photo-induced ligand to copper charge transfer (copper-LMCT)-enabled decarboxylative carbometalation. The transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions, has a broad substrate scope, and can be applied to late-stage functionalization of complex small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1D-45470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Wanqi Su
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1D-45470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany,Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074 AachenGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1D-45470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Petrosyan A, Zach L, Taeufer T, Mayer TS, Rabeah J, Pospech J. Pyrimidopteridine-catalyzed Photo-mediated Hydroacetoxylation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201761. [PMID: 35916156 PMCID: PMC9804165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a photo-mediated formal addition of carboxylic acids to activated alkenes catalyzed by a pyrimidopteridine photoredox catalyst. The decarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids upon single-electron oxidation is countered in the presence of electron-rich alkenes and a hydroacetoxylation is observed. Mechanistic proposals have been made based on CV measurements, competitive Stern-Volmer quenching and EPR experiments. Evidence that tetra-N-substituted pyrimidopteridines function as dual photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer catalyst was supported by spectroscopic means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andranik Petrosyan
- Leibniz Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Luisa Zach
- Leibniz Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Tobias Taeufer
- Leibniz Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - T. S. Mayer
- Leibniz Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Jola Pospech
- Leibniz Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shinkawa Y, Furutani T, Ikeda T, Yamawaki M, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Decarboxylative Side-Chain Functionalization of Aspartic/Glutamic Acids Using Two-Molecule Photoredox Catalysts. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11816-11825. [PMID: 35952660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The side-chain functionalization of aspartic/glutamic acid derivatives through photoinduced decarboxylation was achieved by using organic two-molecule photoredox catalysts without racemization under mild conditions. A facile process involving the preparation of substrates and photoinduced decarboxylative radical additions can provide easy access to the linked amino acids with carbohydrates and amino acids at the side chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Shinkawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiki Furutani
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, National Institute of Technology, Fukui College, Genshi-cho, Fukui 916-8507, Japan
| | - Takumi Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Mugen Yamawaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, National Institute of Technology, Fukui College, Genshi-cho, Fukui 916-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tajimi Y, Nachi Y, Inada R, Hashimoto R, Yamawaki M, Ohkubo K, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. 9-Cyano-10-methoxycarbonylanthracene as a Visible Organic Photoredox Catalyst in the Two-Molecule Photoredox System. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7405-7413. [PMID: 35604396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced decarboxylative and deboronative reactions using two-molecule organic photoredox catalysts, namely, phenanthrene (Phen) and biphenyl (BP), as electron donors and 9-cyano-10-methoxycarbonylanthracene 1a as an electron acceptor were achieved. The high solubility of 1a significantly improved the reaction efficiency and product yield. In addition, the facile tuning of the oxidation potential of the electron-donor molecule via the replacement of Phen with BP enabled the application of the two-molecule photoredox system to a wide range of substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tajimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Ryoko Inada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Ryoga Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Mugen Yamawaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, National Institute of Technology, Fukui College, Genshi-cho, Fukui 916-8507, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute for Advanced Co-creation Studies, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshio Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dow NW, Pedersen PS, Chen TQ, Blakemore DC, Dechert-Schmitt AM, Knauber T, MacMillan DWC. Decarboxylative Borylation and Cross-Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Acids Enabled by Copper Charge Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6163-6172. [PMID: 35377627 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a copper-catalyzed strategy for arylboronic ester synthesis that exploits photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) to convert (hetero)aryl acids into aryl radicals amenable to ambient-temperature borylation. This near-UV process occurs under mild conditions, requires no prefunctionalization of the native acid, and operates broadly across diverse aryl, heteroaryl, and pharmaceutical substrates. We also report a one-pot procedure for decarboxylative cross-coupling that merges catalytic LMCT borylation and palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura arylation, vinylation, or alkylation with organobromides to access a range of value-added products. The utility of these protocols is highlighted through the development of a heteroselective double-decarboxylative C(sp2)-C(sp2) coupling sequence, pairing copper-catalyzed LMCT borylation and halogenation processes of two distinct acids (including pharmaceutical substrates) with subsequent Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Dow
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - P Scott Pedersen
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tiffany Q Chen
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David C Blakemore
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Dechert-Schmitt
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas Knauber
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The quest to find milder and more sustainable methods to generate highly reactive, carbon-centred intermediates has led to a resurgence of interest in radical chemistry. In particular, carboxylic acids are seen as attractive radical precursors due their availability, low cost, diversity, and sustainability. Moreover, the corresponding nucleophilic carbon-radical can be easily accessed through a favourable radical decarboxylation process, extruding CO2 as a traceless by-product. This review summarizes the recent progress on using carboxylic acids directly as convenient radical precursors for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds via the 1,4-radical conjugate addition (Giese) reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Kitcatt
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Simon Nicolle
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matsumoto A, Yamamoto M, Maruoka K. Cationic DABCO-Based Catalyst for Site-Selective C–H Alkylation via Photoinduced Hydrogen-Atom Transfer. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Su W, Xu P, Ritter T. Decarboxylative Hydroxylation of Benzoic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24012-24017. [PMID: 34464007 PMCID: PMC8596882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first decarboxylative hydroxylation to synthesize phenols from benzoic acids at 35 °C via photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT)-enabled radical decarboxylative carbometalation. The aromatic decarboxylative hydroxylation is synthetically promising due to its mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and late-stage applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Su
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Su
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Levernier E, Jaouadi K, Zhang HR, Corcé V, Bernard A, Gontard G, Troufflard C, Grimaud L, Derat E, Ollivier C, Fensterbank L. Phenyl Silicates with Substituted Catecholate Ligands: Synthesis, Structural Studies and Reactivity. Chemistry 2021; 27:8782-8790. [PMID: 33856711 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
While the generation of aryl radicals by photoredox catalysis under reductive conditions is well documented, it has remained challenging under an oxidative pathway. Because of the easy photo-oxidation of alkyl bis-catecholato silicates, a general study of phenyl silicates bearing substituted catecholate ligands has been achieved. The newly synthesized phenyl silicates have been fully characterized, and their reactivity has been explored. It was found that, thanks to the substitution of the catecholate moiety, notably with the 4-cyanocatecholato ligand, the phenyl radical could be generated and trapped. Computational studies provided a rationale for these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Levernier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Khaoula Jaouadi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de biomolécules (LBM), Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Heng-Rui Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Corcé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Bernard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Claire Troufflard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Laboratoire de biomolécules (LBM), Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Derat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Ollivier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zeng Z, Feceu A, Sivendran N, Gooßen LJ. Decarboxylation‐Initiated Intermolecular Carbon‐Heteroatom Bond Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Zeng
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Abigail Feceu
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Nardana Sivendran
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu P, López-Rojas P, Ritter T. Radical Decarboxylative Carbometalation of Benzoic Acids: A Solution to Aromatic Decarboxylative Fluorination. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5349-5354. [PMID: 33818084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abundant aromatic carboxylic acids exist in great structural diversity from nature and synthesis. To date, the synthetically valuable decarboxylative functionalization of benzoic acids is realized mainly by transition-metal-catalyzed decarboxylative cross couplings. However, the high activation barrier for thermal decarboxylative carbometalation that often requires 140 °C reaction temperature limits both the substrate scope as well as the scope of suitable reactions that can sustain such conditions. Numerous reactions, for example, decarboxylative fluorination that is well developed for aliphatic carboxylic acids, are out of reach for the aromatic counterparts with current reaction chemistry. Here, we report a conceptually different approach through a low-barrier photoinduced ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT)-enabled radical decarboxylative carbometalation strategy, which generates a putative high-valent arylcopper(III) complex, from which versatile facile reductive eliminations can occur. We demonstrate the suitability of our new approach to address previously unrealized general decarboxylative fluorination of benzoic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Priscila López-Rojas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Light-triggered elimination of CO 2 and absorption of O 2 (artificial breathing reaction) in photolysis of 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-indole derivatives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:421-434. [PMID: 33721275 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new chromophore, 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-indole (NPI), was synthesized as a potential photolabile protecting group. Caged benzoic acids featuring the NPI chromophore were synthesized as model compounds. Benzoic acid was released in moderate yields (~ 40-60%) upon photolysis of the caged benzoic acids without any additional chemical reagents. Interestingly, an aldehyde, 1-(5-(1-formyl-1H-indol-2-yl)-2-nitrophenyl)ethyl benzoate, was isolated in ≈ 20% together with benzoic acid (≈ 40%) in photolysis of a caged benzoic acid, 2-(2-(3-(1-(benzoyloxy)ethyl)-4-nitrophenyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetic acid. The functional group, CH2COOH, at the indole nitrogen was transformed into the aldehyde group, CHO, under photolysis conditions in air. The similar photochemical transformation was observed in the photolysis of 2-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetic acid, in which the benzoate group is not attached at the nitrophenyl ring. Products analysis, transient absorption spectroscopy, and computational study suggested that intramolecular electron transfer is key for the elimination of CO2 and absorption of O2 for the formation of the aldehyde. The artificial breathing-type reaction can apply to transition metal-free oxidation of amino acids under mild conditions.
Collapse
|
20
|
Shi J, Yuan T, Zheng M, Wang X. Metal-Free Heterogeneous Semiconductor for Visible-Light Photocatalytic Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116. China
| | - Tao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116. China
| | - Meifang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lai D, Ghosh S, Hajra A. Light-induced borylation: developments and mechanistic insights. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4397-4428. [PMID: 33913460 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00323b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Organoboron compounds are very important derivatives because of their profound impacts on medicinal, biological as well as industrial applications. The development of several novel borylation methodologies has achieved momentous interest among synthetic chemists. In this scenario, eco-friendly light-induced borylation is progressively becoming one of the best synthetic tools in recent days to prepare organoboronic ester and acid derivatives based on green chemistry rules. In this article, we have discussed all the UV- and visible-light-induced borylation strategies developed in the last decade. Furthermore, special attention is given to the mechanisms of these borylation methodologies for better understanding of reaction insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India.
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India.
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan 731235, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bugaenko DI, Volkov AA, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. Generation of aryl radicals by redox processes. Recent progress in the arylation methodology. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Arylation methods based on the generation and use of aryl radicals have been a rapidly growing field of research in recent years and currently represent a powerful strategy for carbon – carbon and carbon – heteroatom bond formation. The progress in this field is related to advances in the methods for generation of aryl radicals. The currently used aryl radical precursors include aryl halides, aryldiazonium and diaryliodonium salts, arylcarboxylic acids and their derivatives, arylboronic acids, arylhydrazines, organosulfur(II, VI) compounds and some other compounds. Aryl radicals are generated under mild conditions by single electron reduction or oxidation of precursors induced by conventional reagents, visible light or electric current. A crucial role in the development of the radical arylation methodology belongs to photoredox processes either catalyzed by transition metal complexes or organic dyes or proceeding without catalysts. Unlike the conventional transition metal-catalyzed arylation methods, radical arylation reactions proceed very often at room temperature and have high functional group tolerance. Without claiming to be exhaustive, this review covers the most important advances of the current decade in the generation and synthetic applications of (het)aryl radicals. Examples of reactions are given and mechanistic insights are highlighted.
The bibliography includes 341 references.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kodama T, Kubo M, Shinji W, Ohkubo K, Tobisu M. Phenylene-bridged bis(benzimidazolium) (BBIm 2+): a dicationic organic photoredox catalyst. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12109-12117. [PMID: 34094425 PMCID: PMC8162872 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03958f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A dicationic photoredox catalyst composed of phenylene-bridged bis(benzimidazolium) (BBIm2+) was designed, synthesised and demonstrated to promote the photochemical decarboxylative hydroxylation and dimerisation of carboxylic acids. The catalytic activity of BBIm2+ was higher than that for a monocation analogue, suggesting that the dicationic nature of BBIm2+ plays a key role in these decarboxylative reactions. The rate constant for the decay of the triplet-triplet absorption of the excited BBIm2+ increased with increasing concentration of the carboxylate anion with a saturated dependence, suggesting that photoinduced electron transfer occurs within the ion pair complex composed of the triplet excited state of BBIm2+ and a carboxylate anion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Maiko Kubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Wataru Shinji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Single Electron Activation of Aryl Carboxylic Acids. iScience 2020; 23:101266. [PMID: 32593954 PMCID: PMC7327862 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl carboxylic acids are stable and readily available in great structural diversity both from natural and well-established synthetic procedures, which make them promising starting materials in organic synthesis. The conversion of benzoic acids into high-value molecules is of great importance and have gained much interest of synthetic chemists. The recent development of single-electron (1e−) activation strategy has been esteemed as a complementary method for the transformation of benzoic acids. In this context, carboxylate groups can be selectively transferred into reactive aryl carboxylic radical, aryl radical, and acyl radical by electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, or in the presence of some SET oxidants. Based on these radical species, remarkable advancements have been achieved for the rapid formation of various chemical bonds over the past 10 years. In this review, we summarize recent advances in single electron activation of aryl carboxylic acids, with an emphasis on reaction scope, catalytic system, limitation, and underlying reaction mechanism.
Collapse
|