1
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Rudolf R, Batman D, Mehner N, Walter RRM, Sarkar B. Redox-Active Triazole-Derived Mesoionic Imines with Ferrocenyl Substituents and their Metal Complexes: Directed Hydrogen-Bonding, Unusual C-H Activation and Ion-Pair Formation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400730. [PMID: 38634285 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
We present herein the synthesis, characterization and complexation of ferrocenyl-substituted MIIs (mesoionic imines) and their metal complexes. In the free MIIs, strong hydrogen bonding interactions are observed between the imine-N and the C-H bonds of the ferrocenyl substituents both in the solid state and in solution. The influence of this hydrogen bonding is so strong that complexation of the MIIs with [IrCp*Cl2]2 yields unique six-membered iridacycles via C-H-activation of the corresponding C-H-site at the Fc-substituent and not the Ph-substituent. This result is in contrast to previous reports in which always a preferential C-H activation at the phenyl substituent is observed in competitive reactions in the presence of ferrocenyl substituents. The corresponding Ir complexes formed after in-situ halide exchange reaction exist in either [Ir-I] contact or as [Ir]+I- solvent separated ion-pairs depending on the solvent polarity. The iodide coordinated and solvent separated ion-pairs display drastically different physical properties. The TEP (Tolman-electronic-parameter) of these ligands was determined and lines up with previously reported MII-ligands. The redox properties were investigated by a combination of electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. We show here how non-covalent interactions can have a drastic influence on the physical and chemical properties of these new class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rudolf
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart
| | - Derman Batman
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart
| | - Niklas Mehner
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart
| | - Robert R M Walter
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart
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2
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Ževart T, Pinter B, Lozinšek M, Urankar D, Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Košmrlj J. Towards structurally versatile mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefin ligands and their coordination to palladium, gold, and boron hydride. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8915-8925. [PMID: 38590282 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient and versatile approach for the synthesis of a family of 1,2,3-triazole-based mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefin (mNHO) ligands and investigated their coordination to palladium, gold, and boron hydride experimentally and computationally. We reacted mNHOs obtained through deprotonation of the corresponding methylated and ethylated 1,3,4-triaryl-1,2,3-triazolium salts with [Pd(allyl)Cl]2 to give the corresponding [Pd(η3-allyl)Cl(mNHO)] coordination complexes. 13C NMR data revealed the strong σ-donor character of the mNHO ligands, consistent with the calculated bond orders and atom-condensed charges. Furthermore, we also synthesized [AuCl(mNHO)] and a BH3-mNHO adduct by reacting the triazolium salts with AuCl(SMe2) and BH3·THF, respectively. The BH3-mNHO adduct was tested in the reduction of select aldehydes and ketones to alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tisa Ževart
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Balazs Pinter
- The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Matic Lozinšek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijana Urankar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ross D Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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3
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Sun Q, Eitzinger A, Esken R, Antoni PW, Mayer RJ, Ofial AR, Hansmann MM. Pyridinium-Derived Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Olefins (py-mNHOs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318283. [PMID: 38153170 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Mesoionic polarization allows access to electron-rich olefins that have found application as organocatalysts, ligands, or nucleophiles. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of 3-methylpyridinium-derived mesoionic olefins (py-mNHOs). We used a DFT-supported design concept, which showed that the introduction of aryl groups in the 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-positions of the heterocyclic core allowed the kinetic stabilization of the novel mesoionic compounds. Tolman electronic parameters indicate that py-mNHOs are remarkably strong σ-donor ligands toward transition metals and main group Lewis acids. Additionally, they are among the strongest nucleophiles on the Mayr reactivity scale. In reactions of py-mNHOs with electron-poor π-systems, a gradual transition from the formation of zwitterionic adducts via stepwise to concerted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions was observed experimentally and analyzed by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Sun
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Eitzinger
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Robin Esken
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick W Antoni
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robert J Mayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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4
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Rajendran NM, Lu Q, Bouffard J. A Facile Preparation of N-Heterocyclic Olefins: Ring-Opening Polymerization of β-Butyrolactone and Frustrated Lewis Pair Reactivity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303358. [PMID: 38109087 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A direct synthesis of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) and their mesoionic congeners (mNHOs) from N-heterocyclic carbenes and N-aziridinylimines is reported. The reaction provided diverse functionalized (m)NHOs and π-extended analogues. The prepared NHOs initiated the ring-opening polymerization of β-butyrolactone, and insertion of aldehyde and nitrile into an NHO-B(C6 F5 )3 adduct was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Jean Bouffard
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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5
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Eitzinger A, Reitz J, Antoni PW, Mayr H, Ofial AR, Hansmann MM. Pushing the Upper Limit of Nucleophilicity Scales by Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309790. [PMID: 37540606 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of mesoionic, 1,2,3-triazole-derived N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs), which have an extraordinarily electron-rich exocyclic CC-double bond, was synthesized and spectroscopically characterized, in selected cases by X-ray crystallography. The kinetics of their reactions with arylidene malonates, ArCH=C(CO2 Et)2 , which gave zwitterionic adducts, were investigated photometrically in THF at 20 °C. The resulting second-order rate constants k2 (20 °C) correlate linearly with the reported electrophilicity parameters E of the arylidene malonates (reference electrophiles), thus providing the nucleophile-specific N and sN parameters of the mNHOs according to the correlation lg k2 (20 °C)=sN (N+E). With 21
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eitzinger
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Justus Reitz
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick W Antoni
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Mayr
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Armin R Ofial
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus F), 81377, München, Germany
| | - Max M Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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6
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G M, Sharma D, Dandela R, Dhayalan V. Synthetic Strategies of N-Heterocyclic Olefin (NHOs) and Their Recent Application of Organocatalytic Reactions and Beyond. Chemistry 2023:e202302106. [PMID: 37605950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic olefin (NHO) derivatives have an electron-rich as well as highly polarized carabon-carbon (C=C) double bond because of the electron-donating nature of nitrogen and sulphur atoms. While NHOs have been developing as novel organocatalysts and ligands for transition-metal complexes in various organic compound syntheses, different research groups are currently interested in preparing imidazole and triazolium-based chiral NHO catalysts. Some of them have been used for enantioselective organic transformations, but were still elusive. N-heterocyclic olefins, the alkylidene derivatives of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), have shown promising results as effective promoters for numerous organic syntheses such as asymmetric catalysis, hydroborylation, hydrosilylation, reduction, CO2 sequestration, alkylation, cycloaddition, polymerization and the ring-opening reaction of aziridine and epoxides, esterification, C-F bond functionalization, amine coupling, trifluoromethyl thiolation, amination etc. NHOs catalysts with suitable structures can serve as a novel class of Lewis/Bronsted bases with strong basicity and high nucleophilicity properties.These facts strongly suggest their enormous chemical potential as sustainable catalysts for a wide variety of reactions in synthetic chemistry. The synthesis of NHOs and their properties are briefly reviewed in this article, along with a summary of the imidazole and triazole core of NHOs' most recent catalytic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahantesh G
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609, Union Territory Puducherry, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian oil Odisha Campus, IIT, Kharagpur extension Centre Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian oil Odisha Campus, IIT, Kharagpur extension Centre Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Vasudevan Dhayalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609, Union Territory Puducherry, India
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7
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Meher NK, Verma PK, Geetharani K. Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective 1,2-Hydroboration of N-Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:87-92. [PMID: 36596240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective hydroboration of pyridines to 1,2-dihydropyridines remains a significant challenge for the synthesis of valuable nitrogenous bioactive molecules. Herein, we report a base free ligand-controlled cobalt-catalyzed 1,2-hydroboration of pyridines and quinolines with very low catalyst loading under neat reaction conditions. The choice of sterically demanding N-heterocyclic ligands led to the 1,2-regioselectivity and the scope was demonstrated by the N-heterocycles having a variety of functional groups. The preliminary mechanistic studies corroborate that the two ligands followed a distinct catalytic cycle with Co(I) as an active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar Meher
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Verma
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - K Geetharani
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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8
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Sahoo RK, Sarkar N, Nembenna S. Intermediates, Isolation and Mechanistic Insights into Zinc Hydride-Catalyzed 1,2-Regioselective Hydrofunctionalization of N-Heteroarenes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:304-317. [PMID: 36571301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The conjugated bis-guanidinate-supported zinc hydride [{LZnH}2; L = {(ArHN) (ArN)-C═N-C═(NAr) (NHAr); Ar = 2,6-Et2-C6H3}] (I)-catalyzed highly demanding exclusive 1,2-regioselective hydroboration and hydrosilylation of N-heteroarenes is demonstrated with excellent yields. This protocol is compatible with many pyridines and N-heteroarene derivatives, including electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents. Catalytic intermediates, such as [(LZnH) (4-methylpyridine)] IIA, [(L'ZnH) (4-methylpyridine) IIA', where L' = CH{(CMe) (2,6-Et2C6H3N)}2)], LZn(1,2-DhiQ) (isoquinoline) III, [L'Zn(1,2-DhiQ) (isoquinoline)] III', and LZn(1,2-(3-MeDHQ)) (3-methylquinoline) V, were isolated and thoroughly characterized by NMR, HRMS, and IR analyses. Furthermore, X-ray single-crystal diffraction studies confirmed the molecular structures of compounds IIA', III, and III'. The NMR data proved that the intermediate III or III' reacted with HBpin and gave a selective 1,2-addition hydroborated product. Stoichiometric experiments suggest that V and III independently reacted with silane, yielding selective 1,2-addition of mono- and bis-hydrosilylated products, respectively. Based on the isolation of intermediates and a series of stoichiometric experiments, plausible catalytic cycles were established. Furthermore, the intermolecular chemoselective hydroboration reaction over other reducible functionalities was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajata Kumar Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752 050, India
| | - Nabin Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752 050, India
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752 050, India
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9
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Wang S, Zhang C, Li D, Zhou Y, Su Z, Feng X, Dong S. New chiral N-heterocyclic olefin bifunctional organocatalysis in α-functionalization of β-ketoesters. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Meger F, Kwok ACW, Gilch F, Willcox DR, Hendy AJ, Nicholson K, Bage AD, Langer T, Hunt TA, Thomas SP. B–N/ B–H Transborylation: borane-catalysed nitrile hydroboration. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1332-1337. [PMID: 36247978 PMCID: PMC9531558 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of nitriles to primary amines is a useful transformation in organic synthesis, however, it often relies upon stoichiometric reagents or transition-metal catalysis. Herein, a borane-catalysed hydroboration of nitriles to give primary amines is reported. Good yields (48–95%) and chemoselectivity (e.g., ester, nitro, sulfone) were observed. DFT calculations and mechanistic studies support the proposal of a double B–N/B–H transborylation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Meger
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander C W Kwok
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Gilch
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic R Willcox
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alex J Hendy
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Nicholson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Bage
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Langer
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Chemical Development U.K., AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Hunt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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11
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Sieland B, Hoppe A, Stepen A, Paradies J. Frustrated Lewis pair‐catalyzed hydroboration of nitriles: FLP versus borenium catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Hoppe
- Paderborn University Faculty of Science GERMANY
| | - Arne Stepen
- Paderborn University Faculty of Science GERMANY
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12
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Abstract
This Perspective article highlights the recent development of mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs), where the exo-cyclic olefinic carbon is not bonded to strongly electron-withdrawing groups. The unquenched basicity and nucleophilicity of the exo-cyclic olefinic carbon make mNHOs strong σ-donors and enable unique reactivity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liang
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6.
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6.
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13
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Rudolf R, Neuman NI, Walter RRM, Ringenberg MR, Sarkar B. Mesoionic Imines (MIIs): Strong Donors and Versatile Ligands for Transition Metals and Main Group Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200653. [PMID: 35286004 PMCID: PMC9322014 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and the reactivity of 1,2,3-triazolin-5-imine type mesoionic imines (MIIs). The MIIs are accessible by a base-mediated cycloaddition between a substituted acetonitrile and an aromatic azide, methylation by established routes and subsequent deprotonation. C=O-stretching frequencies in MII-CO2 and -Rh(CO)2 Cl complexes were used to determine the overall donor strength. The MIIs are stronger donors than the N-heterocyclic imines (NHIs). MIIs are excellent ligands for main group elements and transition metals in which they display substituent-induced fluorine-specific interactions and undergo C-H activation. DFT calculations gave insights into the frontier orbitals of the MIIs. The calculations predict a relatively small HOMO-LUMO gap compared to other related ligands. MIIs are potentially able to act as both π-donor and π-acceptor ligands. This report highlights the potential of MIIs to display exciting properties with a huge potential for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rudolf
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Nicolás I. Neuman
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria QuímicaINTEC, UNL-CONICET Predio CONICET Santa Fe “Dr. Alberto Cassano”Colectora Ruta Nacional 168, Km 0Paraje El PozoS3000ZAA) Santa FeArgentina
| | - Robert R. M. Walter
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Mark. R. Ringenberg
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische KoordinationschemieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
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14
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Qu ZW, Zhu H, Streubel R, Grimme S. Catalytic Isomerization of Unprotected Mesoionic N‐heterocyclic Olefins and Their Lewis Adducts. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wang Qu
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Beringstr. 4 D-53115 Bonn GERMANY
| | - Hui Zhu
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Bonn GERMANY
| | - Rainer Streubel
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Institut für Anorganische Chemie Bonn GERMANY
| | - Stefan Grimme
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Bonn GERMANY
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15
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Rezaei Bazkiaei A, Findlater M, Gorden AEV. Applications of catalysis in hydroboration of imines, nitriles, and carbodiimides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3675-3702. [PMID: 35451449 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00162d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic hydroboration of imines, nitriles, and carbodiimides is a powerful method of preparing amines which are key synthetic intermediates in the synthesis of many value-added products. Imine hydroboration has perennially featured in notable reports while nitrile and carbodiimide hydroboration have gained attention recently. Initial developments in catalytic hydroboration of imines and nitriles employed precious metals and typically required harsh reaction conditions. More recent advances have shifted toward the use of base metal and main group element catalysis and milder reaction conditions. In this survey, we review metal and nonmetal catalyzed hydroboration of these unsaturated organic molecules and group them into three distinct categories: precious metals, base metals, and main group catalysts. The TON and TOF of imine hydroboration catalysts are reported and summarized with a brief overview of recent advances in the field. Mechanistic and kinetic studies of some of these protocols are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adineh Rezaei Bazkiaei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
| | - Michael Findlater
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA.
| | - Anne E V Gorden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
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16
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Huang S, Wu Y, Huang L, Hu C, Yan X. Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Properties of Mesoionic N-Heterocyclic Imines. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200281. [PMID: 35502454 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
N -heterocyclic imines are widely used in transition-metal chemistry, main-group chemistry as well as catalysis, due to their enhanced basicity and nucleophilicity which benefit from their ylidic form. As their analogs, mesoionic N -heterocyclic imines, which feature more highly ylidic form, is still in its infancy though excellent works also achieved. Here we reported the synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of mesoionic N -heterocyclic imines. TD-DFT are employed to get deeper insight into the mechanism of the photophysical behaviors. The unsubstituted mesoionic N-heterocyclic imines ( 1-3 ) displayed considerable quantum yields (QY: up to 43.8%) and could be potentially applied as luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yixin Wu
- Renmin University of China, Chemistry, CHINA
| | | | - Chubin Hu
- Renmin University of China, Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Renmin University of China, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China, 100872, Beijing, CHINA
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17
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Qu ZW, Zhu H, Streubel R, Grimme S. C‐H Deprotonation and C=C Hydrogenation of N‐heterocyclic Olefin with Calcium Hydride Complexes: Cooperative Ca‐H‐Ca Bridge versus Terminal Ca‐H bond. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wang Qu
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Beringstr. 4 D-53115 Bonn GERMANY
| | - Hui Zhu
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemsitry Bonn GERMANY
| | - Rainer Streubel
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Institut für Anorganische Chemie Bonn GERMANY
| | - Stefan Grimme
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Bonn GERMANY
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18
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Rudolf R, Neuman NI, Walter RRM, Ringenberg MR, Sarkar B. Mesoionische Imine (MIIs): Starke Donoren und vielseitige Liganden für Übergangsmetalle und Hauptgruppensubstrate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rudolf
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Nicolás I. Neuman
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química CINTEC, VUNL-CONICET VPredio CONICET Santa Fe “Dr. Alberto Cassano“ Colectora Ruta Nacional 168, Km 0 Paraje El Pozo S3000ZAA) Santa Fe Argentinien
| | - Robert R. M. Walter
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Mark. R. Ringenberg
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
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19
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Gautam N, Logdi R, Sreejyothi P, Rajendran NM, Tiwari AK, Mandal SK. Bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) as a metal-free catalyst for reduction of nitriles to amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3047-3050. [PMID: 35156960 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06962d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) is introduced as a metal-free catalyst for the reduction of various nitriles to the corresponding amine hydrochloride salts in the presence of pinacolborane. Mechanistic investigations combining experiments and DFT calculations suggest a B-H addition to the carbene center, which acts as a carrier of the hydride source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Gautam
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ratan Logdi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sreejyothi P
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - N M Rajendran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ashwani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India.
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20
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Maity R, Sarkar B. Chemistry of Compounds Based on 1,2,3-Triazolylidene-Type Mesoionic Carbenes. JACS AU 2022; 2:22-57. [PMID: 35098220 PMCID: PMC8790748 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mesoionic carbenes (MICs) of the 1,2,3-triazolylidene type have established themselves as a popular class of compounds over the past decade. Primary reasons for this popularity are their modular synthesis and their strong donor properties. While such MICs have mostly been used in combination with transition metals, the past few years have also seen their utility together with main group elements. In this paper, we present an overview of the recent developments on this class of compounds that include, among others, (i) cationic and anionic MIC ligands, (ii) the donor/acceptor properties of these ligands with a focus on the several methods that are known for estimating such donor/acceptor properties, (iii) a detailed overview of 3d metal complexes and main group compounds with these MIC ligands, (iv) results on the redox and photophysical properties of compounds based on MIC ligands, and (v) an overview on electrocatalysis, redox-switchable catalysis, and small-molecule activation to highlight the applications of compounds based on MIC ligands in contemporary chemistry. By discussing several aspects from the synthetic, spectroscopic, and application point of view of these classes of compounds, we highlight the state of the art of compounds containing MICs and present a perspective for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramananda Maity
- Dr.
R. Maity Department of Chemistry, University
of Calcutta, 92, A. P.
C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Prof.
Dr. B. Sarkar Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie,
Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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21
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Aversa-Fleener CR, Chang DK, Liberman-Martin AL. Carbodiphosphorane-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Ketones and Imines. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cara R. Aversa-Fleener
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Daniel K. Chang
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Allegra L. Liberman-Martin
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
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22
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Hu C, Huang S, Zhang Z, Yao H, Wu Y, Huang L, Yan X. Experimental and Computational Study on Photophysical Properties of Mesoionic Chalcogenones. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:4165-4170. [PMID: 34729937 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene adducts with main group elements (NHC=E) have aroused great interest and have been widely investigated in coordination chemistry. Among them, N-heterocyclic carbene adducts with chalcogens (NHC=Ch) have been known for a long time. Their investigations mostly focused on synthesis, coordination chemistry and electrochemistry. Their photophysical properties still remain unexplored. In this work, the photophysical properties of mesoionic carbene adducts with sulfur and selenium have been investigated both in solution and solid state. These compounds showed blue fluorescence in dichloromethane. While in solid state, orange to red room-temperature phosphorescence can be observed, and dual emission was found in mesoionic thiones. Furthermore, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were used to obtain insights into the luminescent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chubin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Haidan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Linwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
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23
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Liang Q, Hayashi K, Li L, Song D. Dioxygenation of unprotected mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10927-10930. [PMID: 34596194 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04695k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the dioxygenation of mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs) using molecular dioxygen. For 1,2,3-triazole-derived mNHOs possessing a vinyl proton and at least one acidic C-H group, they are oxidized into the corresponding triazolium benzoate salts, whereas those without vinyl proton or an acidic C-H group are oxidized into triazolium oxide and ketones/aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liang
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Kasumi Hayashi
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Longfei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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24
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Dubey G, Awari S, Singh T, Sahoo SC, Bharatam PV. Mesoionic and N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Coordinated N + Center: Experimental and Computational Analysis. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1416-1420. [PMID: 34636173 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes, carbocyclic carbenes, remote N-heterocyclic carbenes and N-heterocyclic silylenes are known to form L→N+ coordination bonds. However, mesoionic carbenes (MICs) are not reported to form coordination bonds with cationic nitrogen. Herein, synthesis and quantum chemical studies were performed on 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene stabilized N+ center. Six compounds with MIC→N+ ←NHC were synthesized. Density functional theory calculations and energy decomposition analysis were carried out to explore the bonding situation between MIC and N+ center. The C→N+ bond lengths were in the range of 1.295-1.342 Å and bond dissociation energies were <400 kcal/mol. Natural bond orbital analysis supported the presence of excess electron density (>3 electrons) at the N+ center. The computational and X-ray diffraction analysis results confirmed the presence of divalent NI character of center nitrogen and MIC→N+ ←NHC coordination interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurudutt Dubey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Shruti Awari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Tejender Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Subash C Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
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25
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Kundu A, Chandra S, Mandal D, Neuman NI, Mahata A, Anga S, Rawat H, Pal S, Schulzke C, Sarkar B, Chandrasekhar V, Jana A. Twisted Push-Pull Alkenes Bearing Geminal Cyclicdiamino and Difluoroaryl Substituents. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12683-12692. [PMID: 34473501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The systematic combination of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) with fluoroarenes resulted in twisted push-pull alkenes. These alkenes carry electron-donating cyclicdiamino substituents and two electron-withdrawing fluoroaryl substituents in the geminal positions. The synthetic method can be extended to a variety of substituted push-pull alkenes by varying the NHO as well as the fluoroarenes. Solid-state molecular structures of these molecules reveal a notable elongation of the central C-C bond and a twisted geometry in the alkene motif. Absorption properties were investigated with UV-vis spectroscopy. The redox properties of the twisted push-pull alkenes were probed with electrochemistry as well as UV-vis/NIR and EPR spectroelectrochemistry, while the electronic structures were computationally evaluated and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinanda Kundu
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Shubhadeep Chandra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Debdeep Mandal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Nicolás I Neuman
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, CCT Santa Fe CONICET-UNL, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168, Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alok Mahata
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Anga
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Hemant Rawat
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Sudip Pal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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26
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Huang S, Wang Y, Hu C, Yan X. Nucleophilic Activation of Sulfur Hexafluoride by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and N-Heterocyclic Olefins: A Computational Study. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2687-2693. [PMID: 34320272 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6 ) is considered as a potent greenhouse gas, whose effective degradation is challenging. Here we report a computational study on the nucleophilic activation of sulfur hexafluoride by N-heterocyclic carbenes and N-heterocyclic olefins. The result shows that the activation of SF6 is both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable at mild condition using NHOs with fluoro-substituted azolium and sulfur pentafluoride anion being formed. The Gibbs free energy barrier during the activation of SF6 has a linear relationship with the energy of HOMO of substrates, which could be a guideline for applying those compounds that feature higher energy in HOMO to activate SF6 in high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Yedong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Chubin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
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27
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Liang Q, Hayashi K, Zeng Y, Jimenez-Santiago JL, Song D. Constructing fused N-heterocycles from unprotected mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins and organic azides via diazo transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6137-6140. [PMID: 34042131 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins (mNHOs) were first reported last year and their reactivity remains largely unexplored. Herein we report the reaction of unprotected mNHOs and organic azides as a novel synthetic route to a variety of pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazoles, an important structural motif in drug candidates and energetic materials. The only byproduct aniline can be easily recycled and converted back to the starting organic azide, in compliance with the green chemistry principle. The reaction mechanism has been explored through experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liang
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Kasumi Hayashi
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Yimin Zeng
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Jose L Jimenez-Santiago
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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28
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Mono‐ and Di‐Mesoionic Carbene‐Boranes: Synthesis, Structures and Utility as Reducing Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Behera D, Thiyagarajan S, Anjalikrishna PK, Suresh CH, Gunanathan C. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective 1,2-Hydrosilylation of N-Heteroarenes and Tetrel Bonding Mechanism. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Behera
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Subramanian Thiyagarajan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Puthannur K. Anjalikrishna
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chidambaram Gunanathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liang
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kasumi Hayashi
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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