1
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Yu C, Tan J, Du H, Chen N. Visible-Light-Induced Acylative Pyridylation of Styrenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38809604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced photocatalyst-free acylative pyridylation of styrenes with 4-acyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) and 4-cyanopyridines has been described, featuring mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. The reaction could also be performed under sunlight irradiation albeit with a slightly lower conversion. 4-Acyl-1,4-DHPs serve a dual role, acting as both a photoreductant to reduce the cyanopyridine to its radical anion intermediate and a radical precursor to produce the acyl radical. The mechanism was especially elucidated through the Hammett analysis, with the quadratic linear regression analysis by using radical dual parameters, σmb and σjj·. The findings from Hammett analysis further demonstrate that the rate-limiting step of the process is the single electron transfer between 4-acyl-1,4-DHPs and 4-cyanopyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenfeng Yu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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2
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Sun W, Zhao M, Meng Y, Zheng C, Yang K, Wang S, Ke C, Zhang Z. Photoinduced [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Aryl Cyclopropyl Ketones with Alkynes and Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:3762-3766. [PMID: 38678544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The five-membered ring skeleton is one of the most pivotal in the area of pharmaceutical and natural products. [3 + 2] cycloadditions of cyclopropyl and unsaturated compounds are a highly efficient and atom-economical way to build a five-member compound. The previous works about the kind of [3 + 2] cycloadditions usually utilized metal or organic small molecule catalysts. However, an ideal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction that smoothly happens without any additives and catalysts under mild conditions is underdeveloped. Hence, we report [3 + 2] cycloadditions of aryl cyclopropyl without any additives and catalysts under purple LED. In this method, a broad scope of cyclopropyl, alkyne, and alkene was very compatible, especially drug derivatives ibuprofen and Ioxoprofen, to obtain the corresponding cycloaddition product with a good yield up to 93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujuan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Meng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chuqiao Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Yang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Sichang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Congyu Ke
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zongnan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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3
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Mansell JI, Yu S, Li M, Pye E, Yin C, Beltran F, Rossi-Ashton JA, Romano C, Kaltsoyannis N, Procter DJ. Alkyl Cyclopropyl Ketones in Catalytic Formal [3 + 2] Cycloadditions: The Role of SmI 2 Catalyst Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12799-12807. [PMID: 38662638 PMCID: PMC11082888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Alkyl cyclopropyl ketones are introduced as versatile substrates for catalytic formal [3 + 2] cycloadditions with alkenes and alkynes and previously unexplored enyne partners, efficiently delivering complex, sp3-rich products. The key to effectively engaging this relatively unreactive new substrate class is the use of SmI2 as a catalyst in combination with substoichiometric amounts of Sm0; the latter likely acting to prevent catalyst deactivation by returning SmIII to the catalytic cycle. In the absence of Sm0, background degradation of the SmI2 catalyst can outrun product formation. For the most recalcitrant alkyl cyclopropyl ketones, catalysis is "switched-on" using these new robust conditions, and otherwise unattainable products are delivered. Combined experimental and computational studies have been used to identify and probe reactivity trends among alkyl cyclopropyl ketones, including more complex bicyclic alkyl cyclopropyl ketones, which react quickly with various partners to give complex products. In addition to establishing alkyl cyclopropyl ketones as a new substrate class in a burgeoning field of catalysis, our study provides vital mechanistic insight and robust, practical approaches for the nascent field of catalysis with SmI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack I. Mansell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Song Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Muze Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Emma Pye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Chaofan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Frédéric Beltran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - James A. Rossi-Ashton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ciro Romano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David J. Procter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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4
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Wang ZY, Liu SZ, Guo C, Cheng YZ, Li Q, Dou J, Li D. Nickel-catalyzed γ-alkylation of cyclopropyl ketones with unactivated primary alkyl chlorides: balancing reactivity and selectivity via halide exchange. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12883-12887. [PMID: 38650692 PMCID: PMC11033608 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02616k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel method was developed for synthesizing γ-alkyl ketones via nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of cyclopropyl ketones and non-activated primary alkyl chlorides. High reactivity and selectivity can be achieved with sodium iodide as a crucial cocatalyst that generates a low concentration of alkyl iodide via halide exchange, thus avoiding the formation of alkyl dimers. This reaction possessed excellent regioselectivity and high step economy circumventing in situ or pregenerated organometallics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 P. R. China
| | - Shi-Zheng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 P. R. China
| | - Cong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 P. R. China
| | - Yi-Zheng Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Dou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 P. R. China
| | - Dacheng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 P. R. China
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5
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Nguyen TVT, Bossonnet A, Wodrich MD, Waser J. Photocatalyzed [2σ + 2σ] and [2σ + 2π] Cycloadditions for the Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes and 5- or 6-Membered Carbocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25411-25421. [PMID: 37934629 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of photocatalysis for the homolytic ring-opening of carbonyl cyclopropanes. In contrast to previous studies, our approach does not require a metal cocatalyst or a strong reductant. The carbonyl cyclopropanes can be employed for both [2σ + 2σ] and [2σ + 2π] annulation with either alkenes/alkynes or bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, yielding cyclopent-anes/-enes and bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (BCHs), respectively. BCHs are promising bioisosteres for 1,2,4,5 tetra-substituted aromatic rings. Mechanistic studies, including density functional theory computation and a trapping experiment with DMPO, support a 1,3-biradical generated from cyclopropane as a key intermediate for these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin V T Nguyen
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne Ch-1015, Switzerland
| | - André Bossonnet
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne Ch-1015, Switzerland
| | - Matthew D Wodrich
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne Ch-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne Ch-1015, Switzerland
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6
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Xu Y, Gao HX, Pan C, Shi Y, Zhang C, Huang G, Feng C. Stereoselective Photoredox Catalyzed (3+3) Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrone with Aryl Cyclopropane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310671. [PMID: 37700683 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
By resorting to the principle of remote activation, we herein demonstrate the first photoredox catalyzed (3+3) dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones with aryl cyclopropanes. Key to the fidelity of the reaction resides in a facile manner of substrate activation by single-electron transfer (SET) oxidation with photoredox catalysis, and the reaction takes place through a stepwise cascade encompassing a three-electron-type nucleophilic substitution triggered cyclopropane ring-opening and a diastereoselective 6-endo-trig radical cyclization manifold. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity, nicely complementing the well-developed Lewis acid catalyzed cycloaddition of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. Other merits of the protocol include wide scope of aryl cyclopropanes with diversified substitution patterns and good functional-group compatibility. A mechanism involving an aryl radical cation promoted remote activation mode was also proposed and supported by mechanistic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xiang Gao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chengkai Pan
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of chemistry, School of science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of chemistry, School of science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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7
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Di Sabato A, D’Acunzo F, Filippini D, Vetica F, Brasiello A, Corinti D, Bodo E, Michenzi C, Panzetta E, Gentili P. Unusually Chemoselective Photocyclization of 2-(Hydroxyimino)aldehydes to Cyclobutanol Oximes: Synthetic, Stereochemical, and Mechanistic Aspects. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13803-13818. [PMID: 36198009 PMCID: PMC9639046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Photocyclization of carbonyl compounds (known as the Norrish-Yang reaction) to yield cyclobutanols is, in general, accompanied by fragmentation reactions. The latter are predominant in the case of aldehydes so that secondary cyclobutanols are not considered accessible via the straightforward Norrish-Yang reaction. A noteworthy exception has been reported in our laboratory, where cyclobutanols bearing a secondary alcohol function were observed upon UV light irradiation of 2-(hydroxyimino)aldehydes (HIAs). This reaction is here investigated in detail by combining synthesis, spectroscopic data, molecular dynamics, and DFT calculations. The synthetic methodology is generally applicable to a series of HIAs, affording the corresponding cyclobutanol oximes (CBOs) chemoselectively (i.e., without sizable fragmentation side-reactions), diastereoselectively (up to >99:1), and in good to excellent yields (up to 95%). CBO oxime ether derivatives can be purified and diastereomers isolated by standard column chromatography. The mechanistic and stereochemical picture of this photocyclization reaction, as well as of the postcyclization E/Z isomerization of the oxime double bond is completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Sabato
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy,Institute
of Biological Systems (ISB), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Italian
National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca D’Acunzo
- Institute
of Biological Systems (ISB), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Italian
National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Filippini
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vetica
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy,
| | - Antonio Brasiello
- Department
of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Corinti
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza
University of Rome, Piazzale
Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bodo
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Michenzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Panzetta
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gentili
- Department
of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy,Institute
of Biological Systems (ISB), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Italian
National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy,
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8
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Chen YZ, Wang N, Hou ZR, Zhou XL, Li X, Gao F, Jiang T. Palladium-catalyzed stereoselective ring-opening reaction of aryl cyclopropyl ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5412-5415. [PMID: 35748607 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report that α,β-unsaturated ketones could be obtained by palladium-catalyzed ring-opening of mono-substituted cyclopropyl ketones efficiently and systematically. (E)-1-Arylbut-2-en-1-ones were generated from aryl cyclopropyl ketones stereoselectively in yields of 23-89% by the Pd(OAc)2/PCy3 catalytic system. The reaction exhibited stereoselectivity (only E products were found) and was suitable for both phenyl and heteroaryl cyclopropyl ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zuo Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering and College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China. .,Department of Pharmacy, The First Afflicted Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| | - Neng Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering and College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
| | - Zong-Rui Hou
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering and College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering and College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
| | - Xiaohuan Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering and College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering and College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Afflicted Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
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9
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Luque A, Groß J, Zähringer TJB, Kerzig C, Opatz T. Vinylcyclopropane [3+2] Cycloaddition with Acetylenic Sulfones Based on Visible Light Photocatalysis**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104329. [PMID: 35133690 PMCID: PMC9314945 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The first intermolecular visible light [3+2] cycloaddition reaction performed on a meta photocycloadduct employing acetylenic sulfones is described. The developed methodology exploits the advantages of combining UV and visible‐light in a two‐step sequence that provides a photogenerated cyclopropane which, through a strain‐release process, generates a new cyclopentane ring while significantly increasing the molecular complexity. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations indicate an energy transfer pathway for the visible light‐driven reaction step. This strategy could be extended to simpler vinylcyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Luque
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Till J. B. Zähringer
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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10
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Vartanova AE, Plodukhin AY, Ratmanova NK, Andreev IA, Anisimov MN, Gudimchuk NB, Rybakov VB, Levina II, Ivanova OA, Trushkov IV, Alabugin IV. Expanding Stereoelectronic Limits of endo- tet Cyclizations: Synthesis of Benz[ b]azepines from Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13952-13961. [PMID: 34406759 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The importance of intramolecular constraints in cyclic transition-state geometries is especially pronounced in n-endo-tet cyclizations, where the usual backside approach of a nucleophile to the breaking bond is impossible for the rings containing less than eight atoms. Herein, we expand the limits of endo-tet cyclizations and show that donor-acceptor cyclopropanes can provide a seven-membered ring via a genuine 6-endo-tet process. Substrates containing a N-alkyl-N-arylcarbamoyl moiety as an acceptor group undergo Lewis acid-induced cyclization to form tetrahydrobenz[b]azepin-2-ones in high yields. The reaction proceeds with the inversion of the configuration at the electrophilic carbon. In this process, a formally six-membered transition state yields a seven-membered ring as the pre-existing cycle is merged into the forming ring. The stereochemistry of the products can be controlled by the reaction time and by the nature of Lewis acid, opening access to both diastereomers by tuning of the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Vartanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Science, RUDN University, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Yu Plodukhin
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Nina K Ratmanova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan A Andreev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation.,Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail N Anisimov
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita B Gudimchuk
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Victor B Rybakov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Irina I Levina
- Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Ivanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation.,Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Trushkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390 United States
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11
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Vartanova AE, Levina II, Rybakov VB, Ivanova OA, Trushkov IV. Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropane Ring Opening with 6-Amino-1,3-dimethyluracil and Its Use in Pyrimido[4,5- b]azepines Synthesis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12300-12308. [PMID: 34382810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate-catalyzed reaction of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil was found to proceed as three-membered ring opening via nucleophilic attack of the C(5) atom of an ambident nucleophile serving as an enamine equivalent. It was shown that, under basic conditions, the obtained products underwent cyclization to 6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrimido[4,5-b]azepine-2,4,8-triones, an interesting subclass of nucleobase analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Vartanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Science, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Irina I Levina
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina 4, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Victor B Rybakov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Ivanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation.,Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Trushkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samory Mashela 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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