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Mahanti M, Bhaskar Pal K, Wallentin CJ, Galan MC. Hypervalent Iodine Compounds in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Glycosylation, Functionalization and Oxidation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400087. [PMID: 38349955 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
This mini review article provides an overview on the use of hypervalent iodine compounds (HICs) in carbohydrate synthesis, focusing on their chemistry and recent applications. HICs are similar to transition metals in their reactivity but have the added benefit of being environmentally benign, and are therefore commonly used as selective oxidants and eco-friendly reagents in organic synthesis. Herein, we summarize various synthetic uses of hypervalent iodine reagents in reactions such as glycosylation, oxidations, functionalization, and C-C bond-forming reactions. The goal of this review is to illustrate the advantages and versatility of using HICs as an environmentally sustainable alternative to heavy metals in carbohydrate chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Mahanti
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close, BS81TS, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7B, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Wallentin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7B, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close, BS81TS, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Tania, Sceney M, Dutton JL. A decade of lessons in the activation of ArIL 2 species. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3784-3799. [PMID: 38487221 PMCID: PMC10935727 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine(iii) compounds of the general structure ArIL2 are widely used as oxidizing agents for a variety of applications across both organic and inorganic chemistry. Considerable work has been done on the activation of these compounds by tuning the ligands at the iodine centre. This perspective summarises the work of our and other groups on rectification of historically misidentified iodine(iii) reagents of this class, and the syntheses of activated species. Recent advances focusing on increasing the oxidative capacity of I(iii) moieties using Lewis and Brønsted acids and Lewis bases as well as the activation of halogens with I(iii) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Marcus Sceney
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Chen WW, Artigues M, Font-Bardia M, Cuenca AB, Shafir A. Cyclic Homo- and Heterohalogen Di-λ 3-diarylhalonium Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37311085 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the ever-growing interest in the cyclic diaryliodonium salts, this work presents synthetic design principles for a new family of structures with two hypervalent halogens in the ring. The smallest bis-phenylene derivative, [(C6H4)2I2]2+, was prepared through oxidative dimerization of a precursor bearing the ortho-disposed iodine and trifluoroborate groups. We also report, for the first time, the formation of cycles containing two different halogen atoms. These present two phenylenes linked by hetero-(I/Br) or -(I/Cl) halogen pairs. This approach was also extended to the cyclic bis-naphthylene derivative [(C10H6)2I2]2+. The structures of these bis-halogen(III) rings were further assessed through X-ray analysis. The simplest cyclic phenylene bis-iodine(III) derivative features the interplanar angle of ∼120°, while a smaller angle of ∼103° was found for the analogous naphthylene-based salt. All dications form dimeric pairs through a combination of π-π and C-H/π interactions. As the largest member of the family, a bis-I(III)-macrocycle was also assembled using the quasi-planar xanthene backbone. Its geometry enables the two iodine(III) centers to be bridged intramolecularly by two bidentate triflate anions. In a preliminary manner, the interaction of the phenylene- and naphthalene-based bis-iodine(III) dications with a new family of rigid bidentate bis-pyridine ligands was studied in solution and the solid state, with an X-ray structure showing the chelating donor bonding to just one of the two iodine centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei W Chen
- BISi-Bonds Group, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, IQAC-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 20, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margalida Artigues
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Vía Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat de Difracció de RX. Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana B Cuenca
- BISi-Bonds/CRISOL Group, Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitat Ramon Llull and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Vía Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandr Shafir
- BISi-Bonds Group, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, IQAC-CSIC, and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Cao J, Ma Y, Hu L, Xia W, Zhang X, Xiong Y. Polyhalogenation-Facilitated Spirolactonization at the meta-Position of Phenols. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1075-1084. [PMID: 36598128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel dearomative spirolactonization/polyhalogenation of phenols that employs hypervalent iodine PhICl2 (iodobenzene dichloride) as both an oxidant and chlorine source with an indispensable base, or only using NBS (N-bromosuccinimide) without any additives, is presented. Halide participations are a vital factor in the cascade reaction of 3'-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acids with good selectivities and reactivities and induced the rapid constructions of multiple C-halogen bonds and directional C═O bonds in a one-step operation under mild conditions. In gaining a good understanding of the mechanism, the increase in number of bromine atoms was inferred rationally from the spirolactonization process, assisted by DFT calculations and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the formation of a stable carbocation intermediate plays a great role in the migration of oxygen to spirolactonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Youcai Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liangzhen Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wen Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for High Value Transformation of Coal Chemical Process By-products, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Xinjiang 830091, China
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Jalali M, Bissember AC, Yates BF, Wengryniuk SE, Ariafard A. Oxidation of Electron-Deficient Phenols Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine(V) Reagents: Fundamental Mechanistic Features Revealed by a Density Functional Theory-Based Investigation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12237-12246. [PMID: 34410728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine (HVI) compounds are efficient reagents for the double oxidative dearomatization of electron-rich phenols to o-quinones. We recently reported that an underexplored class of iodine(V) reagents possessing bidentate bipyridine ligands, termed Bi(N)-HVIs, could dearomatize electron-poor phenols for the first time. To understand the fundamental mechanistic basis of this unique reactivity, density functional theory (DFT) was utilized. In this way, different pathways were explored to determine why Bi(N)-HVIs are capable of facilitating these challenging transformations while more traditional hypervalent species, such as 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX), cannot. Our calculations reveal that the first redox process is the rate-determining step, the barrier of which hinges on the identity of the ligands bound to the iodine(V) center. This crucial process is composed of three steps: (a) ligand exchange, (b) hypervalent twist, and (c) reductive elimination. We found that strong coordinating ligands disfavor these elementary steps, and, for this reason, HVIs bearing such ligands cannot oxidize the electron-poor phenols. In contrast, the weakly coordinating triflate ligands in Bi(N)-HVIs allow for the kinetically favorable oxidation. It was identified that trapping in situ-generated triflic acid is a key role played by the bidentate bipyridine ligands in Bi(N)-HVIs as this serves to minimize the decomposition of the ortho-quinone product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Jalali
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Alex C Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Brian F Yates
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Sarah E Wengryniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia 19122, United States
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Zhang D, Shao Y, Zheng H, Zhou B, Xue XS. Mechanistic Study on the Bidentate Nitrogen-Ligated Iodine(V) Reagent Promoted Oxidative Dearomatization of Phenols. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21080358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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