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Kim HI, Veeramanoharan A, Selvaraj B, Olivier M, Lee E, Lee JW, Park CM. Thiiranes: Intelligent Molecules for S-Persulfidation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8820-8825. [PMID: 38518245 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a global strategy for the transsulfuration of intracellular thiols (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). Thiiranes comprising fluorenyl/diphenyl and malonate ester moieties directly convert intercellular RSH to low-molecular-weight RSSH in cells. The efficiency of transsulfuration is determined by counting the number of olefins produced as byproducts, providing ratiometric signals for the corresponding persulfide production. Specifically, the direct and rapid protein S-persulfidation by thiirane is validated. Thiiranes are expected to play a crucial role in the study of sulfur signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoe-In Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangnwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashokkumar Veeramanoharan
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangnwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Baskar Selvaraj
- Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Maniriho Olivier
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangnwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangnwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangnwon 25457, Republic of Korea
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2
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Conen P, Nickisch R, Meier MAR. Synthesis of highly substituted alkenes by sulfur-mediated olefination of N-tosylhydrazones. Commun Chem 2023; 6:255. [PMID: 37980378 PMCID: PMC10657425 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraphenylethylenes (TPEs) are well-known for their aggregation-induced emission properties. The synthesis of TPE derivatives, as well as other highly substituted olefins, generally requires the use of hazardous reagents, such as metalorganic compounds, to overcome the high activation energies caused by the sterically congested double bond. Herein, we present an efficient and metal-free procedure for the synthesis of tetraarylethylenes via alkylidene-homocoupling of N-tosylhydrazones, derived from readily available benzophenones, in excellent yields. The method relies only on cheap and benign additives, i.e. elemental sulfur and potassium carbonate, and easily competes with other established procedures in terms of scope, yield and practicability. A mechanistic study revealed a diazo compound, a thioketone and a thiirane as key intermediates in the pathway of the reaction. Based on this, a modified method, which allows for selective alkylidene-cross-coupling, generating a broader scope of tri- and tetrasubstituted olefins in good yields, is showcased as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Conen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Roman Nickisch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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3
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Ma R, Hua X, He CL, Wang HH, Wang ZX, Cui BD, Han WY, Chen YZ, Wan NW. Biocatalytic Thionation of Epoxides for Enantioselective Synthesis of Thiiranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212589. [PMID: 36328962 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Expanding the enzymatic toolbox for the green synthesis of valuable molecules is still of high interest in synthetic chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry. Chiral thiiranes are valuable sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds, but relevant methods for their enantioselective synthesis are limited. Herein, we report a biocatalytic thionation strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of thiiranes, which was developed based on the halohydrin dehalogenase (HHDH)-catalyzed enantioselective ring-opening reaction of epoxides with thiocyanate and a subsequent nonenzymatic rearrangement process. A novel HHDH was identified and engineered for enantioselective biocatalytic thionation of various aryl- and alkyl-substituted epoxides on a preparative scale, affording the corresponding thiiranes in up to 43 % isolated yield and 98 % ee. Large-scale synthesis and useful transformations of chiral thiiranes were also performed to demonstrate the utility and scalability of the biocatalytic thionation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xia Hua
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Cheng-Li He
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhu-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Bao-Dong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wen-Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Nan-Wei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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4
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Song SM, Jin J, Choi JH, Chung WJ. Synthesis of cis-thiiranes as diastereoselective access to epoxide congeners via 4π-electrocyclization of thiocarbonyl ylides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4818. [PMID: 35974103 PMCID: PMC9381720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Organochalcogen heterocycles are ubiquitously present and widely utilized in various fields. Among them, oxirane has been extensively studied, and all of the stereoisomeric forms are readily available. In contrast, synthetic studies on thiirane were rarely reported, and thus the useful sulfur-congener of oxirane has been difficult to access in a stereodefined form. In this research, a general stereoselective synthesis of cis-thiiranes is accomplished by taking advantage of stereospecific electrocyclization of trans-thiocarbonyl ylides, which are generated in situ from readily available E,E-aldazine N-oxides upon treatment with Lawesson's reagent. This newly developed practical method provides a variety of cis-1,2-diarylthiiranes as essentially single diastereomers in high yields under mild reaction conditions. The intermediacy of trans-thiocarbonyl yilde is confirmed by mechanistic experiments, and the excellent stereocontrol is rationalized by DFT calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Song
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Abstract
The reactivity of phosphorus and sulfur ylides toward carbonyl compounds constitutes a well-known dichotomy that is a common educational device in organic chemistry─the former gives olefins, while the latter gives epoxides. Herein, we report a stereodivergent carbonyl olefination that challenges this dichotomy, showcasing thiouronium ylides as valuable olefination reagents. With this method, aldehydes are converted to Z-alkenes with high stereoselectivity and broad substrate scope, while N-tosylimines provide a similarly proficient entry to E-alkenes. In-depth computational and experimental studies clarified the mechanistic details of this unusual reactivity.
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6
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Lin X, Pu M, Sang X, Li S, Liu X, Wu YD, Feng X. Asymmetric Catalytic (2+1) Cycloaddition of Thioketones to Synthesize Tetrasubstituted Thiiranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201151. [PMID: 35218131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first example of enantioselective (2+1) cycloaddition of thioketones with α-diazo pyrazoleamides for the direct synthesis of tetrasubstituted thiiranes. In the presence of chiral N,N'-dioxide/cobalt(ΙΙ) complexes (2-5 mol%), excellent efficiency (up to 99 % yield within 15 mins) and high stereoselectivity (up to >19 : 1 dr and 97 % ee) are available. Elaborations of thiiranes via desulfuration have also been conducted to deliver tetrasubstituted olefins. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the reaction initiates from a doublet state cobalt(ΙΙ) carbenoid, which is followed by a quartet cobalt(ΙΙ)-bound thiocarbonyl ylide pathway. This work provides a route for the selective construction of tetrasubstituted thiiranes and olefins that are otherwise difficult to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Maoping Pu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinpeng Sang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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7
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Lin X, Pu M, Sang X, Li S, Liu X, Wu YD, Feng X. Asymmetric Catalytic (2+1) Cycloaddition of Thioketones to Synthesize Tetrasubstituted Thiiranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Lin
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Maoping Pu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen Bay Laboratory CHINA
| | - Xinpeng Sang
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Shiyang Li
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen Bay Laboratory CHINA
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Sichuan University College of Chemistry 29 Wangjiang Road, Jiuyan Bridge 610064 Chengdu CHINA
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8
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Seif A, Ahmadi TS, Klein A. Kinetics and mechanism of the Barton–Kellogg olefination: a computational DFT study using CTST theory and topological approaches. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gibbs energies (kcal mol−1) for the BK reaction starting from R1 and R2, calculated at the MN15-L/Def2-TZVP level of theory in toluene as solvent (SMD) at 298 K for the first step and at 383.6 K for the consecutive steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Seif
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Koeln, Germany
| | - Temer S. Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Axel Klein
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Koeln, Germany
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9
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Pooler DRS, Lubbe AS, Crespi S, Feringa BL. Designing light-driven rotary molecular motors. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14964-14986. [PMID: 34909140 PMCID: PMC8612399 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to induce and amplify motion at the molecular scale has seen tremendous progress ranging from simple molecular rotors to responsive materials. In the two decades since the discovery of light-driven rotary molecular motors, the development of these molecules has been extensive; moving from the realm of molecular chemistry to integration into dynamic molecular systems. They have been identified as actuators holding great potential to precisely control the dynamics of nanoscale devices, but integrating molecular motors effectively into evermore complex artificial molecular machinery is not trivial. Maximising efficiency without compromising function requires conscious and judicious selection of the structures used. In this perspective, we focus on the key aspects of motor design and discuss how to manipulate these properties without impeding motor integrity. Herein, we describe these principles in the context of molecular rotary motors featuring a central double bond axle and emphasise the strengths and weaknesses of each design, providing a comprehensive evaluation of all artificial light-driven rotary motor scaffolds currently present in the literature. Based on this discussion, we will explore the trajectory of research into the field of molecular motors in the coming years, including challenges to be addressed, potential applications, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anouk S Lubbe
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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10
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Schmidt TA, Sparr C. Katalysatorkontrollierte stereoselektive Barton‐Kellogg‐Olefinierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanno A. Schmidt
- Department Chemie Universität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
| | - Christof Sparr
- Department Chemie Universität Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
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11
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Schmidt TA, Sparr C. Catalyst-Controlled Stereoselective Barton-Kellogg Olefination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23911-23916. [PMID: 34416071 PMCID: PMC8596707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Overcrowded alkenes are expeditiously prepared by the versatile Barton-Kellogg olefination and have remarkable applications as functional molecules owing to their unique stereochemical features. The induced stereodynamics thereby enable the controlled motion of molecular switches and motors, while the high configurational stability prevents undesired isomeric scrambling. Bistricyclic aromatic enes are prototypical overcrowded alkenes with outstanding stereochemical properties, but their stereocontrolled preparation was thus far only feasible in stereospecific reactions and with chiral auxiliaries. Herein we report that direct catalyst control is achieved by a stereoselective Barton-Kellogg olefination with enantio- and diastereocontrol for various bistricyclic aromatic enes. Using Rh2 (S-PTAD)4 as catalyst, several diazo compounds were selectively coupled with a thioketone to give one of the four anti-folded overcrowded alkene stereoisomers upon reduction. Complete stereodivergence was reached by catalyst control in combination with distinct thiirane reductions to provide all four stereoisomers with e.r. values of up to 99:1. We envision that this strategy will enable the synthesis of topologically unique overcrowded alkenes for functional materials, catalysis, energy- and electron transfer, and bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanno A. Schmidt
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Christof Sparr
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
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