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Rogova T, Ahrweiler E, Schoetz MD, Schoenebeck F. Recent Developments with Organogermanes: their Preparation and Application in Synthesis and Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314709. [PMID: 37899306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Within the sphere of traditional Pd0 /PdII cross coupling reactions, organogermanes have been historically outperformed both in terms of scope and reactivity by more conventional transmetalating reagents. Subsequently, this class of compounds has been largely underutilized as a coupling partner in bond-forming strategies. Most recent studies, however, have shown that alternative modes of activation of these notoriously robust building blocks transform organogermanes into the most reactive site of the molecule-capable of outcompeting other functional groups (such as boronic acids, esters and silanes) for both C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation. As a result, over the past few years, the literature has increasingly featured methodologies that explore the potential of organogermanes as chemoselective and orthogonal coupling partners. Herein we highlight some of these recent advances in the field of organogermane chemistry both with respect to their synthesis and applications in synthetic and catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rogova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eric Ahrweiler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus D Schoetz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Liu JY, Zhuang SY, Tang YX, Chen XL, Zhou Y, Wu YD, Zheng KL, Wu AX. I 2-DMSO-Mediated Transannulation of Benzo[ d]isoxazol-3-amine: Direct Access to 2,4,5-Substituted Pyrimidine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12000-12012. [PMID: 37540765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
An I2-DMSO-mediated multicomponent [3+1+2] cascade annulation reaction using aryl methyl ketones, enaminones, and benzo[d]isoxazol-3-amine as substrates has been developed. This metal-free reaction involved the transannulation of benzo[d]isoxazol-3-amines with the formation of two C-N bonds and a C-C bond in one pot. Notably, a pyrimidine ring with a 1,4-dicarbonyl scaffold could efficiently transform into a pyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazine skeleton. The phenolic hydroxyl group of the target product could undergo further modification with pharmaceuticals, demonstrating the utility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yi Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yi Zhuang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xing Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Long Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - You Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Dong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Lu Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - An-Xin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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