1
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Panda N, Palit K, Mohapatra S. "Cation Pool" generated from DMSO and 1,2-dihaloethanes and their application in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39175440 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Conventionally, carbenium and onium ions are prepared in the presence of nucleophiles due to their instability and transient nature. The nucleophiles that are unstable or inert to the reaction media cannot be used for reaction with the cationic species to access the desired compounds. To overcome these limitations, developing methods for generating organic cations irreversibly in the absence of nucleophiles is essential. The "cation pool" method developed by Yoshida and co-workers stands out as a reliable strategy to generate and accumulate the reactive cations in solution in the absence of nucleophiles. The cation pool method involves the electrolysis of the substrate in the absence of nucleophiles, usually at low temperature. Moreover, the generation of halogen and chalcogen cations through electrolysis needs extra care because of their low stability. This review covers our effort in generating and accumulating halogen cations as "cation pools", most importantly by simply heating a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 1,2-dihaloethane (DXE, X = Cl, Br, I), and their use in the halogenation reactions. Furthermore, condition-dependent Pummerer-type fragmentations of DMSO-stabilized halogen cations to methyl(methylene)sulfonium ions and chlorodimethylsulfonium ions for synthetic applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Panda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India.
| | - Kuntal Palit
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India.
| | - Soumya Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India.
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2
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Singh S, Sharma P, Dutta S, Vishwakarma R, Hazra CK. An organocatalytic domino annulation approach via C(sp 2)-OMe cleavage to unlock the synthesis of pyranochromenones enabled by HFIP. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7200-7203. [PMID: 38904468 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01953a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Fused pyranochromenone derivatives have extensive applications in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report the first HFIP/TsOH catalyzed, one-pot domino reaction by cleavage of the C(sp2)-OMe bond. Control experiments reveal that 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene is rapidly protonated in the presence of HFIP to yield a dearomatized cationic diene intermediate. The gram-scale reaction and late-stage functionalization of natural products justified the practicality of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Pragya Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Sayantan Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Rahul Vishwakarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Chinmoy K Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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3
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Dalai PG, Swain S, Panda N. DMSO-DCE Triggered Chemodivergent C-Methylenation of Electron-Rich Arenes: An Easy Access to Diarylmethanes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2599-2604. [PMID: 38293774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The chemodivergent property of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) along with 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) was exploited for the incorporation of a methylene group to form diarylmethanes through a dearomatization/rearomatization process. Methyl(methylene)sulfonium ions (CH2=S+-Me) were generated by simple heating of commonly used solvents such as DMSO and DCE. These ions were subsequently trapped by electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes, resulting in the synthesis of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical diarylmethanes. This protocol was further extended to access N-methylenamides by reacting 2-naphthol with amides or nitriles in the presence of DMSO and DCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallaba Ganjan Dalai
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Swayamprava Swain
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Niranjan Panda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
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4
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Wen K, Chen C, Kong W, Gao Q, Shi J, Tang X. Cooperative Triple Catalysis Enables Deaminative α-Indolmethylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Gramines. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38190807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
α-Functionalization of carbonyl compounds is an important reaction in synthetic chemistry. However, the development of novel synthetic strategies to realize this reaction is challenging. This study describes the α-indolmethylation of carbonyl compounds using cooperative copper, amine, and hydrogen-bond catalysis. This reaction provides a novel and efficient strategy for developing indolmethylated carbonyl compounds by deaminative coupling of gramines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmei Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiya Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
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5
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Gómez-Gil S, Solas M, Suárez-Pantiga S, Sanz R. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of 4-Functionalized Tetrahydrocarbazol-1-ones from 1,4-Dicarbonylindole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:505-520. [PMID: 38085096 PMCID: PMC10777410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A p-toluenesulfonic acid-catalyzed cascade reaction is reported for the synthesis of 4-functionalized tetrahydrocarbazolones via the reaction of 4-(indol-2-yl)-4-oxobutanal derivatives with a variety of nucleophiles in acetonitrile or hexafluoroisopropanol. After the initial intramolecular Friedel-Crafts hydroxyalkylation, the 3-indolylmethanol intermediate is subsequently activated and reacted with the external nucleophile. The reaction conditions are crucial to avoid alternative reaction pathways, allowing direct substitution reaction with thiols, (hetero)arenes, alkenes, or sulfinates. The procedure features high overall yields to access a diverse family of compounds bearing the tetrahydrocarbazole core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez-Gil
- Área de Química
Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Marta Solas
- Área de Química
Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Área de Química
Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Química
Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
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6
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Singh S, Kumar A, Nebhani L, Hazra CK. Sustainable Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Tubular Shape Mesoporous Silica as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Selective Unsymmetrical Friedel-Crafts Alkylation in One Pot. JACS AU 2023; 3:3400-3411. [PMID: 38155639 PMCID: PMC10751772 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of general and more sustainable heterogeneous catalytic processes for Friedel-Crafts (FC) alkylation reactions is a key objective of interest for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and commodity chemicals. Sustainable heterogeneous catalysis for the typical FC alkylation of an easily accessible carbonyl electrophile and arenes or with two different arene nucleophiles in one-pot is a prime challenge. Herein, we present a resolution to these issues through the design and utilization of a mesoporous silica catalyst that has been functionalized with sulfonic acid. For the synthesis of sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica (MSN-SO3H), thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica was first synthesized by the co-condensation method, followed by oxidation of the thiol functionality to the sulfonic acid group. Sulfonation of mesoporous silica was confirmed by 13C CP MAS NMR spectroscopy. Further, the devised heterogeneous catalysis using MSN-SO3H has been successfully employed in the construction of diverse polyalkanes including various bioactive molecules, viz arundine, tatarinoid-C, and late-stage functionalization of natural products like menthol and Eugenol. Further, we have utilized this sustainable technique to facilitate the formation of unsymmetrical C-S bonds in a one-pot fashion. In addition, the catalyst was successfully recovered and recycled for eight cycles, demonstrating the high sustainability and cost-effectiveness of this protocol for both academic and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Leena Nebhani
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Kumar Hazra
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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7
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Wang J, Yu R, Nian C, Liao M, Han Z, Sun J, Huang H. Metal-Free C(sp 3)-H Bond Arylation of 3-Methylindole Derivatives via 3-Indole Imine Methides. Org Lett 2023; 25:8478-8483. [PMID: 37966338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Direct arylation of the benzylic C(sp3)-H bond is one of the most straightforward strategies for the construction of multi-aryl methanes, owing to the extraordinary step and atom economy. In this paper, we developed the first metal-free arylation of the C(sp3)-H bond in 3-methylindoles, thereby providing rapid access to a range of diaryl- and triarylmethanes with two indole rings. Mechanistically, 3-indole imine methide serves as the key intermediate. Water plays a crucial role in this process, likely serving as a proton shuttle to facilitate the key 1,3-proton transfer step in this reaction and, thus, enhance the reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Nian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyan Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
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8
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Chen XH, Lhazom T, Cui HL. NH 4OAc/DMSO-Promoted Benzylation of Pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13598-13609. [PMID: 37728513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Benzylation of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives has been realized with various phenols by the use of ammonium acetate as a promoter (20 examples, up to 84% yield). DMSO served as the source of methylene and solvent. The employment of iron chloride as a catalyst can also afford the desired benzylated products in moderate to good yields (11 examples, up to a 74% yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Chen
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Tsesong Lhazom
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
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9
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Palit K, Sepay N, Panda N. Arylative Methylation of 2,3-Dihydropyrazines and Pyrazinones Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide as a C1 Source. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36786556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Divergent synthesis of α-C-H methylated pyrazines and pyrazinones using dimethyl sulfoxide as a nonconventional methylating agent under metal-free conditions was reported. Dimethyl sulfoxide-coordinated bromine cation pools generated from the treatment of dimethyl sulfoxide and 1,2-dibromoethane undergo Pummerer-type fragmentation to afford an electrophilic methyl(methylene)sulfonium ion for reaction with a carbon nucleophile followed by aromatization to afford α-methylated pyrazines and pyrazinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Palit
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Nayim Sepay
- Department of Chemistry, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata 700017, India
| | - Niranjan Panda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
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10
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Singh S, Mondal S, Tiwari V, Karmakar T, Hazra CK. Cooperative Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Electron-Deficient Arenes via Catalyst Activation with Hexafluoroisopropanol. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300180. [PMID: 36680470 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A Friedel-Crafts alkylation of electron-deficient arenes with aldehydes through ''catalyst activation'' is presented. Through hydrogen bonding interactions, the solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3, -hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) interacted with the added Brønsted acid catalyst pTSA•H2 O, increasing its acidity. This activated catalyst enabled the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of electron-neutral as well as electron-deficient arenes. Strongly electron withdrawing arenes including arenes with multiple halogen atoms, NO2 , CHO, CO2 R, and CN, groups acted as efficient nucleophiles in this reaction. DFT studies reveal multiple roles of solvent HFIP viz; increasing the Brønsted acidity of the catalyst pTSA•H2 O, and stabilization of the transition states through a concerted pathway enabling the challenging reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sankalan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vikas Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Tarak Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Kumar Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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11
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Zeng M, Liu YX, Zheng JH, Zhao L, Zhu QH, Jiang D, Ling Y, Liu W, Zeng SX. Direct α-methylenation of triazines to terminal olefins with DMA. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04417j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient metal (Cu or Ni)-catalysed α-methylenation of triazines to terminal olefins using DMA as a one-carbon source. Various substituted triazine derivatives are suitable for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zeng
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Yi-xuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Jian-hui Zheng
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Qi-han Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Dengzhao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Yun Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Shen-xin Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399, China
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