1
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Luo J, Gao Y, Zhao R, Shi J, Li YM. Synthesis of disulfide-rich C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids through a photocleavable side-chain anchoring strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8863-8867. [PMID: 37888757 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01597a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A side-chain anchoring strategy has been developed as an effective method for the synthesis of C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids. However, the application of this strategy to CCAs containing more than one disulfide bond is still hindered due to the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) lability of the anchored side-chain groups. Herein, we report a photocleavable side-chain anchoring strategy using newly developed molecules having photocleavable side-chain protecting groups that are stable against TFA cleavage to assist in the formation of disulfide bonds. The utility of this new strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis of Riparin 1.1 and hCNP22 containing one disulfide bond and α-conotoxin Vc1.1 containing two disulfide bonds. This new strategy will provide new possibilities for the synthesis of disulfide-rich C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for BioAnalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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2
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Bernardes CP, Santos NAG, Costa TR, Menaldo DL, Sisti FM, Amstalden MK, Ribeiro DL, Antunes LMG, Sampaio SV, Santos AC. Effects of C-Terminal-Ethyl-Esterification in a Snake-Venom-Based Peptide Against the Neurotoxicity of Acrolein in PC12 Cells. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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3
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Morstein J, Bader T, Cardillo AL, Schackmann J, Ashok S, Hougland JL, Hrycyna CA, Trauner DH, Distefano MD. Photoswitchable Isoprenoid Lipids Enable Optical Control of Peptide Lipidation. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2945-2953. [PMID: 36194691 PMCID: PMC9799063 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitchable lipids have emerged as attractive tools for the optical control of lipid bioactivity, metabolism, and biophysical properties. Their design is typically based on the incorporation of an azobenzene photoswitch into the hydrophobic lipid tail, which can be switched between its trans- and cis-form using two different wavelengths of light. While glycero- and sphingolipids have been successfully designed to be photoswitchable, isoprenoid lipids have not yet been investigated. Herein, we describe the development of photoswitchable analogs of an isoprenoid lipid and systematically assess their potential for the optical control of various steps in the isoprenylation processing pathway of CaaX proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One photoswitchable analog of farnesyl diphosphate (AzoFPP-1) allowed effective optical control of substrate prenylation by farnesyltransferase. The subsequent steps of isoprenylation processing (proteolysis by either Ste24 or Rce1 and carboxyl methylation by Ste14) were less affected by photoisomerization of the group introduced into the lipid moiety of the substrate a-factor, a mating pheromone from yeast. We assessed both proteolysis and methylation of the a-factor analogs in vitro and the bioactivity of a fully processed a-factor analog containing the photoswitch, exogenously added to cognate yeast cells. Combined, these data describe the first successful conversion of an isoprenoid lipid into a photolipid and suggest the utility of this approach for the optical control of protein prenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Taysir Bader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Ariana L. Cardillo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Julian Schackmann
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Sudhat Ashok
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - James L. Hougland
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - Dirk H. Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mark D. Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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4
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Arbour CA, Mendoza LG, Stockdill JL. Recent advances in the synthesis of C-terminally modified peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7253-7272. [PMID: 32914156 PMCID: PMC9508648 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01417f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
C-Terminally modified peptides are important for the development and delivery of peptide-based pharmaceuticals because they impact peptide activity, stability, hydrophobicity, and membrane permeability. Additionally, the vulnerability of C-terminal esters to cleavage by endogenous esterases makes them excellent pro-drugs. Methods for post-SPPS C-terminal functionalization potentially enable access to libraries of modified peptides, facilitating tailoring of their solubility, potency, toxicity, and uptake pathway. Apparently minor structural changes can significantly impact the binding, folding, and pharmacokinetics of the peptide. This review summarizes developments in chemical methods for C-terminal modification of peptides published since the last review on this topic in 2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Arbour
- Wayne State University, Department of Chemistry, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| | - Lawrence G Mendoza
- Wayne State University, Department of Chemistry, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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5
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Abstract
An on-resin, three-component Passerini reaction was developed to synthesize C-terminal photocaged peptides. Highly compatible with conventional Fmoc SPPS, this reaction produces peptides with a C-terminal o-amido-6-nitroveratryl (αANV) ester in one pot with conserved chirality. Under physiological conditions, the C-terminal αANV ester rapidly photolyzed to revert to carboxylate, offering a convenient method for optical control of cellular signals by modulating the C-terminal carboxylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Ho So
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
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6
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Zhang C, Gao F, Wu W, Qiu WX, Zhang L, Li R, Zhuang ZN, Yu W, Cheng H, Zhang XZ. Enzyme-Driven Membrane-Targeted Chimeric Peptide for Enhanced Tumor Photodynamic Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11249-11262. [PMID: 31566945 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, a protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase)-driven plasma membrane (PM)-targeted chimeric peptide, PpIX-C6-PEG8-KKKKKKSKTKC-OMe (PCPK), was designed for PM-targeted photodynamic therapy (PM-PDT) and enhanced immunotherapy via tumor cell PM damage and fast release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The PM targeting ability of PCPK originates from the cellular K-Ras signaling, which occurs exclusively to drive the corresponding proteins to PM by PFTase. With the conjugation of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), PCPK could generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species to deactivate membrane-associated proteins, initiate lipid peroxidation, and destroy PM with an extremely low concentration (1 μM) under light irradiation. The specific PM damage further induced the fast release of DAMPs (high-mobility group box 1 and ATP), resulting in antitumor immune responses stronger than those of conventional cytoplasm-localized PDT. This immune-stimulating PM-PDT strategy also exhibited the inhibition effect for distant metastatic tumors when combined with programmed cell death receptor 1 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Fan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xiu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Runqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Ze-Nan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Wuyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Han Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Advanced Studies , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P.R. China
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7
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Tsuda S, Masuda S, Yoshiya T. Epimerization-Free Preparation of C-Terminal Cys Peptide Acid by Fmoc SPPS Using Pseudoproline-Type Protecting Group. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1674-1679. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Tsuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito-asagi, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Shun Masuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito-asagi, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Taku Yoshiya
- Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito-asagi, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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8
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Bader TK, Rappe TM, Veglia G, Distefano MD. Synthesis and NMR Characterization of the Prenylated Peptide, a-Factor. Methods Enzymol 2019; 614:207-238. [PMID: 30611425 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein and peptide prenylation is an essential biological process involved in many signal transduction pathways. Hence, it plays a critical role in establishing many major human ailments, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), malaria, and Ras-related cancers. Yeast mating pheromone a-factor is a small dodecameric peptide that undergoes prenylation and subsequent processing in a manner identical to larger proteins. Due to its small size in addition to its well-characterized behavior in yeast, a-factor is an attractive model system to study the prenylation pathway. Traditionally, chemical synthesis and characterization of a-factor have been challenging, which has limited its use in prenylation studies. In this chapter, a robust method for the synthesis of a-factor is presented along with a description of the characterization of the peptide using MALDI and NMR. Finally, complete assignments of resonances from the isoprenoid moiety and a-factor from COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and long-range HMBC NMR spectra are presented. This methodology should be useful for the synthesis and characterization of other mature prenylated peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taysir K Bader
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Todd M Rappe
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gianlugi Veglia
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mark D Distefano
- University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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9
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Hsu ET, Vervacke JS, Distefano MD, Hrycyna CA. A Quantitative FRET Assay for the Upstream Cleavage Activity of the Integral Membrane Proteases Human ZMPSTE24 and Yeast Ste24. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2009:279-293. [PMID: 31152411 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9532-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The integral membrane protease ZMPSTE24 plays an important role in the lamin A maturation pathway. ZMPSTE24 is the only known enzyme to cleave the last 15 residues from the C-terminus of prelamin A, including a farnesylated and carboxyl methylated cysteine. Mutations in ZMPSTE24 lead to progeroid diseases with abnormal prelamin A accumulation in the nucleus. Ste24 is the yeast functional homolog of ZMPSTE24 and similarly cleaves the a-factor pheromone precursor during its posttranslational maturation. To complement established qualitative techniques used to detect the upstream enzymatic cleavage by ZMPSTE24 and Ste24, including gel-shift assays and mass spectrometry analyses, we developed an enzymatic in vitro FRET-based assay to quantitatively measure the upstream cleavage activities of these two enzymes. This assay uses either purified enzyme or enzyme in crude membrane preparations and a 33-amino acid a-factor analog peptide that is a substrate for both Ste24 and ZMPSTE24. This peptide contains a fluorophore (2-aminobenzoic acid-Abz) at its N-terminus and a quencher moiety (dinitrophenol-DNP) positioned four residues downstream from the cleavage site. Upon cleavage, a fluorescent signal is generated in real time at 420 nm that is proportional to cleavage of the peptide and these kinetic data are used to quantify activity. This assay should provide a useful tool for kinetic analysis and for studying the catalytic mechanism of both ZMPSTE24 and Ste24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erh-Ting Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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10
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Diaz-Rodriguez V, Hsu ET, Ganusova E, Werst ER, Becker JM, Hrycyna CA, Distefano MD. a-Factor Analogues Containing Alkyne- and Azide-Functionalized Isoprenoids Are Efficiently Enzymatically Processed and Retain Wild-Type Bioactivity. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:316-323. [PMID: 29188996 PMCID: PMC5824361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Protein
prenylation is a post-translational modification that involves
the addition of one or two isoprenoid groups to the C-terminus of
selected proteins using either farnesyl diphosphate or geranylgeranyl
diphosphate. Three crucial enzymatic steps are involved in the processing
of prenylated proteins to yield the final mature product. The farnesylated
dodecapeptide, a-factor, is particularly useful for studies
of protein prenylation because it requires the identical three-step
process to generate the same C-terminal farnesylated cysteine methyl
ester substructure present in larger farnesylated proteins. Recently,
several groups have developed isoprenoid analogs bearing azide and
alkyne groups that can be used in metabolic labeling experiments.
Those compounds have proven useful for profiling prenylated proteins
and also show great promise as tools to study how the levels of prenylated
proteins vary in different disease models. Herein, we describe the
preparation and use of prenylated a-factor analogs, and
precursor peptides, to investigate two key questions. First, a-factor analogues containing modified isoprenoids were prepared
to evaluate whether the non-natural lipid group interferes with the
biological activity of the a-factor. Second, a-factor-derived precursor peptides were synthesized to evaluate whether
they can be efficiently processed by the yeast proteases Rce1 and
Ste24 as well as the yeast methyltransferase Ste14 to yield mature a-factor analogues. Taken together, the results reported here
indicate that metabolic labeling experiments with azide- and alkyne-functionalized
isoprenoids can yield prenylated products that are fully processed
and biologically functional. Overall, these observations suggest that
the isoprenoids studied here that incorporate bio-orthogonal functionality
can be used in metabolic labeling experiments without concern that
they will induce undesired physiological changes that may complicate
data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Erh-Ting Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Elena Ganusova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee , Circle Park Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Elena R Werst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Becker
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee , Circle Park Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Christine A Hrycyna
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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11
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Arbour CA, Kondasinghe TD, Saraha HY, Vorlicek TL, Stockdill JL. Epimerization-free access to C-terminal cysteine peptide acids, carboxamides, secondary amides, and esters via complimentary strategies. Chem Sci 2017; 9:350-355. [PMID: 29629104 PMCID: PMC5868297 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03553e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a convenient method for the diversification of peptides bearing cysteine at the C-terminus that proceeds to form a variety of carboxylic acid, carboxamide, 2° amide, and ester terminated peptides without any detectable epimerization of the α-stereocenter.
C-Terminal cysteine peptide acids are difficult to access without epimerization of the cysteine α-stereocenter. Diversification of the C-terminus after solid-phase peptide synthesis poses an even greater challenge because of the proclivity of the cysteine α-stereocenter to undergo deprotonation upon activation of the C-terminal carboxylic acid. We present herein two general strategies to access C-terminal cysteine peptide derivatives without detectable epimerization, diketopiperazine formation, or piperidinylalanine side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Arbour
- Wayne State University , Department of Chemistry , Detroit , MI , USA 48202 .
| | | | - Hasina Y Saraha
- Wayne State University , Department of Chemistry , Detroit , MI , USA 48202 .
| | - Teanna L Vorlicek
- Wayne State University , Department of Chemistry , Detroit , MI , USA 48202 .
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12
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Arbour CA, Saraha HY, McMillan TF, Stockdill JL. Exploiting the MeDbz Linker To Generate Protected or Unprotected C-Terminally Modified Peptides. Chemistry 2017; 23:12484-12488. [PMID: 28741313 PMCID: PMC5674808 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
C-terminally modified peptides are important targets for pharmaceutical and biochemical applications. Known methods for C-terminal diversification are limited mainly in terms of the scope of accessible modifications or by epimerization of the C-terminal amino acid. In this work, we present a broadly applicable approach that enables access to a variety of C-terminally functionalized peptides in either protected or unprotected form. This chemistry proceeds without epimerization of C-terminal Ala and tolerates nucleophiles of varying nucleophilicity. Finally, unprotected peptides bearing nucleophilic side chain groups can be selectively functionalized by strong nucleophiles, whereas macrocyclization is observed for weaker nucleophiles. The potential utility of this method is demonstrated through the divergent synthesis of the conotoxin conopressin G and GLP-1(7-36) and analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Arbour
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Hasina Y Saraha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Timothy F McMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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13
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Juvekar V, Kim KT, Gong YD. Highly Efficient Synthetic Method on Pyroacm Resin Using the Boc SPPS Protocol for C-terminal Cysteine Peptide Synthesis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Juvekar
- Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry; College of Science, Dongguk University; Seoul 100-715 Korea
| | - Kang-Tae Kim
- Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry; College of Science, Dongguk University; Seoul 100-715 Korea
| | - Young-Dae Gong
- Innovative Drug Library Research Center, Department of Chemistry; College of Science, Dongguk University; Seoul 100-715 Korea
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14
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Nuijens T, Toplak A, van de Meulenreek MB, Schmidt M, Goldbach M, Quaedflieg PJ. Improved solid phase synthesis of peptide carboxyamidomethyl (Cam) esters for enzymatic segment condensation. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.06.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Lelièvre D, Terrier VP, Delmas AF, Aucagne V. Native Chemical Ligation Strategy to Overcome Side Reactions during Fmoc-Based Synthesis of C-Terminal Cysteine-Containing Peptides. Org Lett 2016; 18:920-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lelièvre
- Centre de Biophysique
Moléculaire,
CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Victor P. Terrier
- Centre de Biophysique
Moléculaire,
CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Agnès F. Delmas
- Centre de Biophysique
Moléculaire,
CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Centre de Biophysique
Moléculaire,
CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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16
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Juvekar V, Gong YD. Pyroacm Resin: An Acetamidomethyl Derived Resin for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptides through Side Chain Anchoring of C-Terminal Cysteine Residues. Org Lett 2016; 18:836-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Juvekar
- Innovative
Drug Library Research Center, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, South Korea
| | - Young Dae Gong
- Innovative
Drug Library Research Center, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, South Korea
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17
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Wang YC, Distefano MD. Synthetic isoprenoid analogues for the study of prenylated proteins: Fluorescent imaging and proteomic applications. Bioorg Chem 2016; 64:59-65. [PMID: 26709869 PMCID: PMC4731301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein prenylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by prenyltransferases involving the attachment of farnesyl or geranylgeranyl groups to residues near the C-termini of proteins. This irreversible covalent modification is important for membrane localization and proper signal transduction. Here, the use of isoprenoid analogues for studying prenylated proteins is reviewed. First, experiments with analogues containing small fluorophores that are alternative substrates for prenyltransferases are described. Those analogues have been useful for quantifying binding affinity and for the production of fluorescently labeled proteins. Next, the use of analogues that incorporate biotin, bioorthogonal groups or antigenic moieties is described. Such probes have been particularly useful for identifying proteins that are naturally prenylated within mammalian cells. Overall, the use of isoprenoid analogues has contributed significantly to the understanding of protein prenlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chih Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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