1
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OuYang M, OuYang J, Dong Y, Li J, Yang W. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Tandem Reaction Strategy for the Synthesis of Dihydrophenalene-Fused Lactones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6322-6333. [PMID: 38634794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A Lewis acid-catalyzed tandem reaction strategy for the construction of a dihydrophenalene-lactone tetracyclic skeleton has been disclosed. Starting with 2-naphthol-tethered ketones and active methylene esters, the tandem reaction catalyzed by Sc(OTf)3 proceeded well to afford an array of dihydrophenalene-fused lactones with moderate to high efficiency and diastereoselectivity. Moreover, the synthetic utility of this protocol was demonstrated by easy gram-scale preparation and diverse product transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing OuYang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jiewen OuYang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Dong
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jinwei Li
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
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2
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OuYang M, Yuan M, Li J, Yang W. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Tandem Double Friedel-Crafts Alkylation to Construct a Dihydrophenalene Skeleton Bearing an All-Carbon Quaternary Center. J Org Chem 2024; 89:576-588. [PMID: 38145504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
An efficient Brønsted acid-catalyzed tandem reaction has been developed for the construction of a dihydrophenalene skeleton bearing an all-carbon quaternary center. Starting with 2-naphthol-tethered ketones and indoles, the tandem reaction catalyzed by TsOH monohydrate proceeded smoothly with good to excellent efficiency through a double Friedel-Crafts alkylation process. Moreover, the synthetic utility of this method was demonstrated by easy gram-scale preparation and product transformations to fused hexacyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing OuYang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Min Yuan
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jinwei Li
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
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3
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The synthesis of 4-arylphenalenones revisited. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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4
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Kaye EG, Kailass K, Sadovski O, Beharry AA. A Green-Absorbing, Red-Fluorescent Phenalenone-Based Photosensitizer as a Theranostic Agent for Photodynamic Therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1295-1301. [PMID: 34413959 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenalenone is a synthetically accessible, highly efficient photosensitizer with a near-unity singlet oxygen quantum yield. Unfortunately, its UV absorption and lack of fluorescence has made it unsuitable for fluorescence-guided photodynamic therapy against cancer. In this work, we synthesized a series of phenalenone derivatives containing electron-donating groups to red-shift the absorption spectrum and bromine(s) to permit good singlet oxygen production via the heavy-atom effect. Of the derivatives synthesized, the phenalenone containing an amine at the 6-position with bromines at the 2- and 5-positions (OE19) exhibited the longest absorption wavelength (i.e., green) and produced both singlet oxygen and red fluorescence efficiently. OE19 induced photocytotoxicity with nanomolar potency in 2D cultured PANC-1 cancer cells as well as light-induced destruction of PANC-1 spheroids with minimal dark toxicity. Overall, OE19 opens up the possibility of employing phenalenone-based photosensitizers as theranostic agents for photodynamic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther G. Kaye
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Karishma Kailass
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Oleg Sadovski
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew A. Beharry
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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5
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Ocampos FMM, de Souza AJB, Antar GM, Wouters FC, Colnago LA. Phytotoxicity of Schiekia timida Seed Extracts, a Mixture of Phenylphenalenones. Molecules 2021; 26:4197. [PMID: 34299471 PMCID: PMC8304753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylphenalenones, metabolites found in Schiekia timida (Haemodoraceae), are a class of specialized metabolites with many biological activities, being phytoalexins in banana plants. In the constant search to solve the problem of glyphosate and to avoid resistance to commercial herbicides, this work aimed to investigate the phytotoxic effect of the methanolic extract of S. timida seeds. The chemical composition of the seed extract was directly investigated by NMR and UPLC-QToF MS and the pre- and post-emergence phytotoxic effect on a eudicotyledonous model (Lactuca sativa) and a monocotyledonous model (Allium cepa) was evaluated through germination and seedling growth tests. Three concentrations of the extract (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/mL) were prepared, and four replicates for each of them were analyzed. Three major phenylphenalenones were identified by NMR spectroscopy: 4-hydroxy-anigorufone, methoxyanigorufone, and anigorufone, two of those reported for the first time in S. timida. The presence of seven other phenylphenalenones was suggested by the LC-MS analyses. The phenylphenalenone mixture did not affect the germination rate, but impaired radicle and hypocotyl growth on both models. The effect in the monocotyledonous model was statistically similar to glyphosate in the lowest concentration (0.25 mg/mL). Therefore, although more research on this topic is required to probe this first report, this investigation suggests for the first time that phenylphenalenone compounds may be post-emergence herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Julia Borim de Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Bauru CEP 17033-360, SP, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme Medeiros Antar
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butantã, São Paulo CEP 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
| | - Felipe Christoff Wouters
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
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6
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Kuo C, Rao NS, Patil PB, Chiang T, Kavala V, Yao C. Synthesis of Perinaphthenones
via
BF
3
.
Et
2
O Mediated One‐Pot Cascade 4,5‐Annulation Reactions of 1‐Naphthols and Ynones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Wei Kuo
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road Taipei 116, R.O.C. Taiwan
| | - Naidu Sambasiva Rao
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road Taipei 116, R.O.C. Taiwan
| | - Prakash Bhimrao Patil
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road Taipei 116, R.O.C. Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Ta Chiang
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road Taipei 116, R.O.C. Taiwan
| | - Veerababurao Kavala
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road Taipei 116, R.O.C. Taiwan
| | - Ching‐Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Zhou Road Taipei 116, R.O.C. Taiwan
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7
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De Bonfils P, Verron E, Sandoval-Altamirano C, Jaque P, Moreau X, Gunther G, Nun P, Coeffard V. Unusual Oxidative Dealkylation Strategy toward Functionalized Phenalenones as Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizers and Photophysical Studies. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10603-10616. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul De Bonfils
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Elise Verron
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Catalina Sandoval-Altamirano
- Facultad de Quı́mica y Biologı́a, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, correo 33, Santiago 518000, Chile
| | - Pablo Jaque
- Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Fisicoquı́mica, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Xavier Moreau
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - German Gunther
- Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Fisicoquı́mica, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Pierrick Nun
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Coeffard
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
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8
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Purgett TJ, Dyer MW, Bickel B, McNeely J, Porco JA. Gold(I)-Mediated Cycloisomerization/Cycloaddition Enables Bioinspired Syntheses of Neonectrolides B-E and Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15135-15144. [PMID: 31469554 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of a synthetic route to the oxaphenalenone (OP) natural products neonectrolides B-E is described. The synthesis relies on gold-catalyzed 6-endo-dig hydroarylation of an unusual enynol substrate as well as a one-pot Rieche formylation/cyclization/deprotection sequence to efficiently construct the tricyclic oxaphenalenone framework in the form of a masked ortho-quinone methide (o-QM). A tandem cycloisomerization/[4 + 2] cycloaddition strategy was employed to quickly construct molecules resembling the neonectrolides. The tricyclic OP natural product SF226 could be converted to corymbiferan lactone E and a related masked o-QM. Our study culminates with the application of the tandem reaction sequence to syntheses of neonectrolides B-E as well as previously unreported exo-diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Purgett
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Matthew W Dyer
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Bryce Bickel
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - James McNeely
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - John A Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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9
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Wang MZ, Ku CF, Si TX, Tsang SW, Lv XM, Li XW, Li ZM, Zhang HJ, Chan ASC. Concise Synthesis of Natural Phenylphenalenone Phytoalexins and a Regioisomer. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:98-105. [PMID: 29281282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Concise total syntheses of the natural phytoalexins 2-hydroxy-8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenalen-1-one (1), 2-hydroxy-8-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)phenalen-1-one (2), and hydroxyanigorufone (4), together with regioisomer 3 are accomplished in 11 or 12 steps. The synthetic strategy features a Friedel-Crafts acylation to construct the 1H-phenalen-1-one tricyclic core followed by a Suzuki cross-coupling to obtain the target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuen-Fai Ku
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Xu Si
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Siu-Wai Tsang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Meng Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Albert S C Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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10
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Ospina F, Ramirez A, Cano M, Hidalgo W, Schneider B, Otálvaro F. Synthesis of Positional Isomeric Phenylphenalenones. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3873-3879. [PMID: 28345339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of isomeric phenylphenalenones in which the phenyl ring is located at all possible peripheral positions of the phenalenone nuclei was synthesized. The structural characteristics of the series, in which topological variation is permitted with minimal electronic disturbance, could, in principle, allow for easy pharmacophore recognition when the compounds are aligned in steroidomimetic conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ospina
- Instituto de Química, Síntesis y Biosíntesis de Metabolitos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia , AA 1226 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Adrian Ramirez
- Instituto de Química, Síntesis y Biosíntesis de Metabolitos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia , AA 1226 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marisol Cano
- Instituto de Química, Síntesis y Biosíntesis de Metabolitos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia , AA 1226 Medellín, Colombia
| | - William Hidalgo
- Max Planck Institute für Chemische Ökologie, Beutenberg Campus , Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd Schneider
- Max Planck Institute für Chemische Ökologie, Beutenberg Campus , Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Felipe Otálvaro
- Instituto de Química, Síntesis y Biosíntesis de Metabolitos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia , AA 1226 Medellín, Colombia
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11
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Zhao G, Xu G, Qian C, Tang W. Efficient Enantioselective Syntheses of (+)-Dalesconol A and B. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3360-3363. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Brkljača R, Schneider B, Hidalgo W, Otálvaro F, Ospina F, Lee S, Hoshino M, Fujita M, Urban S. Application of the Crystalline Sponge Method to Revise the Structure of the Phenalenone Fuliginone. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020211. [PMID: 28146104 PMCID: PMC6155586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of fuliginone was revised from a phenyl substituted phenalenone to a hydroxyl substituted phenalenone as a result of its re-purification via HPLC with subsequent NMR analysis together with an independent synthesis and analysis of the crystal structure, which was secured via the crystalline sponge method. On-flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (HPLC-NMR) was employed to confirm the presence of the natural product in the plant extract and to monitor for any possible degradation or conversion of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brkljača
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia;
| | - Bernd Schneider
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany; (B.S.); (W.H.)
| | - William Hidalgo
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany; (B.S.); (W.H.)
| | - Felipe Otálvaro
- Instituto de Química, Síntesis y Biosíntesis de Metabolitos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, AA 1226 Medellín, Colombia; (F.Ot.); (F.Os.)
| | - Felipe Ospina
- Instituto de Química, Síntesis y Biosíntesis de Metabolitos Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, AA 1226 Medellín, Colombia; (F.Ot.); (F.Os.)
| | - Shoukou Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (S.L.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Manabu Hoshino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (S.L.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (S.L.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Sylvia Urban
- School of Science (Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9925-3376
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