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Rao Z, Takayanagi M, Nagaoka M. Verification for Temperature Dependence of Tacticity in Polystyrene Radical Polymerization with the Combination of Reaction Pathway Analysis and Red Moon Methodology. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5343-5350. [PMID: 35793271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Radical polymerization is an economic and practical polymerization method over ionic and coordination polymerizations and is widely used for polymer production. Although many efforts have been made to improve the convenience and controllability of radical polymerization, it is still a challenge to directly observe the microbehaviors of propagation, which may provide inspiration for the development of polymerization processes. In this study, we focused on the tacticity of polystyrene produced by bulk radical polymerization since there is a debate over the temperature dependence. The propagation process is simulated via Red Moon methodology, which is a cost-effective method for handling complex chemical reaction systems. By the multiple pathway analysis for the propagation reaction model composed of the dimer radical and the monomer using density functional theory, we obtained the relative energies in multiple transition states, whose energy differences are partly explained by the π-π stacking interactions. Via performing Red Moon simulations from 30 to 190 °C, we confirmed that meso contents moderately increase as the temperature increases, which is explained by the influence of temperature on the probability density of the reaction conformations of each pathway. The successful prediction and explanation for tacticity demonstrate the potential of Red Moon methodology in unveiling the microbehaviors of propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Rao
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8641, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takayanagi
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honmachi, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.,The Center for Data Science Education and Research, Shiga University, Banba, Hikone 522-8522, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan.,School of Statistical Thinking, The Institute of the Statistical Mathematics, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan
| | - Masataka Nagaoka
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8641, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honmachi, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.,Future Value Creation Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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2
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Chernikova EV, Kudryavtsev YV. RAFT-Based Polymers for Click Reactions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030570. [PMID: 35160559 PMCID: PMC8838018 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The parallel development of reversible deactivation radical polymerization and click reaction concepts significantly enriches the toolbox of synthetic polymer chemistry. The synergistic effect of combining these approaches manifests itself in a growth of interest to the design of well-defined functional polymers and their controlled conjugation with biomolecules, drugs, and inorganic surfaces. In this review, we discuss the results obtained with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and different types of click reactions on low- and high-molar-mass reactants. Our classification of literature sources is based on the typical structure of macromolecules produced by the RAFT technique. The review addresses click reactions, immediate or preceded by a modification of another type, on the leaving and stabilizing groups inherited by a growing macromolecule from the chain transfer agent, as well as on the side groups coming from monomers entering the polymerization process. Architecture and self-assembling properties of the resulting polymers are briefly discussed with regard to their potential functional applications, which include drug delivery, protein recognition, anti-fouling and anti-corrosion coatings, the compatibilization of polymer blends, the modification of fillers to increase their dispersibility in polymer matrices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Chernikova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.V.C.); (Y.V.K.)
| | - Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.V.C.); (Y.V.K.)
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3
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Chan NJ, Lentz S, Gurr PA, Tan S, Scheibel T, Qiao GG. Vernetzte Polypeptide durch RAFT‐vermittelte Polymerisation zum kontinuierlichen Aufbau von Polymerfilmen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Chan
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville, Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australien
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien Universität Bayreuth Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1 95447 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Sarah Lentz
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville, Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australien
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien Universität Bayreuth Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1 95447 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Paul A. Gurr
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville, Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australien
| | - Shereen Tan
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville, Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australien
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien Universität Bayreuth Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1 95447 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville, Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australien
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4
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Chan NJA, Lentz S, Gurr PA, Tan S, Scheibel T, Qiao GG. Crosslinked polypeptide films via RAFT mediated continuous assembly of polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112842. [PMID: 34861079 PMCID: PMC9305155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide coatings are a cornerstone in the field of surface modification due to their widespread biological potential. As their properties are dictated by their structural features, subsequent control thereof using unique fabrication strategies is important. Herein, we report a facile method of precisely creating densely crosslinked polypeptide films with unusually high random coil conformations through continuous assembly polymerization via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (CAP-RAFT). CAP-RAFT was fundamentally investigated using methacrylated poly- L -lysine (PLLMA) and methacrylated poly- L -glutamic acid (PLGMA). Careful technique refinement resulted in films up to 36.1 ± 1.1 nm thick which could be increased to 94.9 ± 8.2 nm after using this strategy multiple times. PLLMA and PLGMA films were found to have 30-50% random coil conformations. Degradation by enzymes present during wound healing reveals potential for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- The University of Melbourne, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 154 Masson Rd, Chemistry Building East Wing, 3052, Parkville, AUSTRALIA
| | - Sarah Lentz
- Universität Bayreuth: Universitat Bayreuth, Biomaterialien, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447, Bayreuth, GERMANY
| | - Paul Andrew Gurr
- The University of Melbourne, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 154 Masson Rd, Chemistry Building East Wing, 3052, Parkville, AUSTRALIA
| | - Shereen Tan
- The University of Melbourne, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 154 Masson Rd, Chemistry Building East Wing, 3052, Parkville, AUSTRALIA
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Universität Bayreuth: Universitat Bayreuth, Biomaterials, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447, Bayreuth, GERMANY
| | - Greg G Qiao
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
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5
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Hakobyan K, McErlean CSP, Müllner M. RAFT without an “R-Group”: From Asymmetric Homo-telechelics to Multiblock Step-Growth and Cyclic Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hakobyan
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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6
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Masuko K, Kumano C, Sugawara R, Nakabayashi K, Mori H. Polymerization‐induced self‐assembly of amino‐acid‐based nano‐objects by reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer dispersion polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Masuko
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science Yamagata University Yonezawa Japan
| | - Chiharu Kumano
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science Yamagata University Yonezawa Japan
| | - Ryo Sugawara
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science Yamagata University Yonezawa Japan
| | | | - Hideharu Mori
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science Yamagata University Yonezawa Japan
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7
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Hess A, Schmidt BVKJ, Schlaad H. Aminolysis induced functionalization of (RAFT) polymer-dithioester with thiols and disulfides. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01365j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Efficient exchange of the polymer-dithioester end group by aminolysis/functionalization with thiol or disulfide under ambient atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hess
- University of Potsdam
- Institute of Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | | | - Helmut Schlaad
- University of Potsdam
- Institute of Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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8
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Ohno K, Yahata Y, Sakaue M, Ladmiral V. Grafting of Polymer Brushes from Xanthate-Functionalized Silica Particles. Chemistry 2019; 25:2059-2068. [PMID: 30421837 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse silica particles (SiPs) were surface-modified with a newly designed silane coupling agent comprising a triethoxysilane and an alkyl halide, namely, 6-(triethoxysilyl)hexyl 2-bromopropionate, which was further treated with potassium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate (PEX) to immobilize xanthate molecules on the particle surfaces. Surface-initiated macromolecular design via interchange of xanthates (MADIX) polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) was conducted with the xanthate-functionalized SiPs. The polymerization was well controlled and produced SiPs coated with poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with a well-defined target molar mass and a graft density of about 0.2 chains nm-2 . Dynamic light scattering and TEM measurements revealed that the hybrid particles were highly dispersible in good solvents without any aggregation. The PVAc brushes were hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid to produce poly(vinyl alcohol) brushes on the SiP surfaces. In addition, the number of xanthate molecules introduced on the SiP surfaces could be successfully controlled by adjusting the concentration of PEX. Thus, the SiPs have two functionalities: xanthates able to act as a MADIX chain-transfer agent and alkyl bromide initiation sites for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). By using these unique bifunctional particles, mixed polymer brushes were constructed on the SiPs by MADIX of VAc followed by ATRP of styrene or methyl methacrylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Ohno
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yahata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Motokazu Sakaue
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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9
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A Critical Survey of Dithiocarbamate Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Agents in Radical Polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Desmet GB, De Rybel N, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR, Reyniers MF, Marin GB. Ab-Initio-Based Kinetic Modeling to Understand RAFT Exchange: The Case of 2-Cyano-2-Propyl Dodecyl Trithiocarbonate and Styrene. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [PMID: 29076596 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ab-initio-calculated rate coefficients for addition and fragmentation in reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene with 2-cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile allow the reliable simulation of the experimentally observed conversion, number average chain length, and dispersity. The rate coefficient for addition of a macroradical Ri to the macroRAFT agent Ri X at 333 K (6.8 104 L mol-1 s-1 ) is significantly lower than to the initial RAFT agent R0 X (3.2 106 L mol-1 s-1 ), mainly due to a difference in activation energy (15.4 vs 3.0 kJ mol-1 ), which causes the dispersity to spike in the beginning of the polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles B Desmet
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Nils De Rybel
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Paul H M Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Marie-Françoise Reyniers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Guy B Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
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11
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Um IH, Park KH. Kinetic Study on Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of O
-Phenyl O
-Y-substituted-Phenyl Thionocarbonates with 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene in Acetonitrile. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Um
- Department of Chemistry; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Park
- Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering; Hanyang University; Ansan Gyeonggi-do 15588 Korea
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12
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Kunnikuruvan S, Parandekar PV, Prakash O, Tsotsis TK, Nair NN. Polymerization Mechanism and Cross-Link Structure of Nadic End-Capped Polymers: A Quantum Mechanical and Microkinetic Investigation. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sooraj Kunnikuruvan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | | | - Om Prakash
- Boeing Research & Technology, India-centre, Bangalore 560016, India
| | - Thomas K. Tsotsis
- Boeing Research & Technology, Huntington Beach, California 92647, United States
| | - Nisanth N. Nair
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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13
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Döhler D, Kaiser J, Binder WH. Supramolecular H-bonded three-arm star polymers by efficient combination of RAFT polymerization and thio-bromo “click” reaction. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Desmet GB, Sabbe MK, D'hooge DR, Espeel P, Celasun S, Marin GB, Du Prez FE, Reyniers MF. Thiol-Michael addition in polar aprotic solvents: nucleophilic initiation or base catalysis? Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00005g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The thiol-Michael addition of ethanethiol to ethyl acrylate, methyl vinylsulfone and maleimide initiated by ethyl-, diethyl-, triethylamine and triethylphosphine in tetrahydrofuran (THF) is investigated at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dagmar. R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology
- Ghent University
- Gent
- Belgium
- Department of Textiles
| | - Pieter Espeel
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Sensu Celasun
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology
- Ghent University
- Gent
- Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Gent
- Belgium
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