1
|
Jiao Z, Jaunich KT, Tao T, Gottschall O, Hughes MM, Turlik A, Schuppe AW. Unified Approach to Deamination and Deoxygenation Through Isonitrile Hydrodecyanation: A Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405779. [PMID: 38619535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a general hydrodefunctionalization protocol of alcohols and amines through a common isonitrile intermediate. To cleave the relatively inert C-NC bond, we leveraged dual hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and photoredox catalysis to generate a nucleophilic boryl radical, which readily forms an imidoyl radical intermediate from the isonitrile. Rapid β-scission then accomplishes defunctionalization. This method has been applied to the hydrodefunctionalization of both amine and alcohol-containing pharmaceuticals, natural products, and biomolecules. We extended this approach to the reduction of carbonyls and olefins to their saturated counterparts, as well as the hydrodecyanation of alkyl nitriles. Both experimental and computational studies demonstrate a facile β-scission of the imidoyl radical, and reconcile differences in reactivity between nitriles and isonitriles within our protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 1234 Stevenson Center Ln, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Kyle T Jaunich
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 1234 Stevenson Center Ln, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Thomas Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Olivia Gottschall
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Maxwell M Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 1234 Stevenson Center Ln, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Aneta Turlik
- Department of Chemistry, Skidmore College, 815 North Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
| | - Alexander W Schuppe
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 1234 Stevenson Center Ln, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma YQ, Tian SK. Catalyst-free visible light-promoted defunctionalization of alkyl isocyanides with a hydrosilane through C-N bond cleavage. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2562-2565. [PMID: 38451158 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00173g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A radical initiator-free defunctionalization reaction of alkyl isocyanides with a hydrosilane has been established through C-N bond cleavage under catalyst-free visible light irradiation. Various alkyl isocyanides participated in the defunctionalization with tris(trimethylsilyl)silane under blue light irradiation at room temperature, delivering the reduced products in good yields with high chemoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Shi-Kai Tian
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Quirós I, Martín M, Gomez-Mendoza M, Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Liras M, Fernández I, Nóvoa L, Tortosa M. Isonitriles as Alkyl Radical Precursors in Visible Light Mediated Hydro- and Deuterodeamination Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317683. [PMID: 38150265 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the use of isonitriles as alkyl radical precursors in light-mediated hydro- and deuterodeamination reactions. The reaction is scalable, shows broad functional group compatibility and potential to be used in late-stage functionalization. Importantly, the method is general for Cα -primary, Cα -secondary and Cα -tertiary alkyl isonitriles. For most examples, high yields were obtained through direct visible-light irradiation of the isonitrile in the presence of a silyl radical precursor. Interestingly, in the presence of an organic photocatalyst (4CzIPN) a dramatic acceleration was observed. In-depth mechanistic studies using UV/Vis absorption, steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence, and transient absorption spectroscopy suggest that the excited state of 4CzIPN can engage in a single-electron transfer with the isonitrile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Quirós
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martín
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Gomez-Mendoza
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, Móstoles, 28935, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cabrera-Afonso
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Liras
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, Móstoles, 28935, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
| | - Luis Nóvoa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariola Tortosa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cassane Diterpene (5α)-Vuacapane-8(14), 9(11)-Diene and of Some Related Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175705. [PMID: 36080472 PMCID: PMC9458217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of thirteen cassane-type diterpenes was synthesized and an expedient synthetic route was used to evaluate 14-desmethyl analogs of the most active tested cassane. The anti-inflammatory activities of these 13 compounds were evaluated on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cell line by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, some of them reaching 100% NO inhibition after 72 h of treatment. The greatest anti-inflammatory effect was observed for compounds 16 and 20 with an IC50 NO of 2.98 ± 0.04 μg/mL and 5.71 ± 0.14 μg/mL, respectively. Flow-cytometry analysis was used to determine the cell cycle distribution and showed that the inhibition in NO release was accompanied by a reversion of the differentiation processes. Moreover, the anti-cancer potential of these 13 compounds were evaluated in three tumor cell lines (B16-F10, HT29, and Hep G2). The strongest cytotoxic effect was achieved by salicylaldehyde 20, and pterolobirin G (6), with IC50 values around 3 μg/mL in HT29 cells, with total apoptosis rates 80% at IC80 concentrations, producing a significant cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and a possible activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Additionally, initial SAR data analysis showed that the methyl group at the C-14 positions of cassane diterpenoids is not always important for their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
|
5
|
Efficacy of Selenourea Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Michael Reactions under Standard and Solvent-Free Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237303. [PMID: 34885885 PMCID: PMC8658871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
By varying the steric and electronic surroundings of the hydrogen-bonding motif, the novel chiral Cinchona-alkaloid based selenoureas were developed. Acting as bifunctional catalysts, they were applied in the Michael reactions of dithiomalonate and nitrostyrene providing chiral adducts with up to 96% ee. The asymmetric Michael–-hemiacetalization reaction of benzylidene pyruvate and dimedone, performed with the assistance of 5 mol% of selenoureas, furnished the product with up to 93% ee and excellent yields. The effectiveness of the new hydrogen-bond donors was also proved in solvent-free reactions under ball mill conditions, supporting the sustainability of the devised catalytic protocol.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Acetoxylation of arenes is an important reaction and an unmet need in chemistry. We report a metal-free, direct acetoxylation reaction using sodium nitrate under an anhydrous environment of trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, and acetic anhydride. Arenes (31 examples), with oxidation potentials (Eox, in V vs SCE) lower than benzene (2.48 V), were acetoxylated with good yields and regioselectivity. A stepwise, single electron-transfer mechanism is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Anh Hong Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300 Jhong-Da Road, Jhong-li, Taoyuan Taiwan 32001
| | - Duen-Ren Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300 Jhong-Da Road, Jhong-li, Taoyuan Taiwan 32001
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Berger KJ, Driscoll JL, Yuan M, Dherange BD, Gutierrez O, Levin MD. Direct Deamination of Primary Amines via Isodiazene Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17366-17373. [PMID: 34637305 PMCID: PMC8892627 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here a reaction that selectively deaminates primary amines and anilines under mild conditions and with remarkable functional group tolerance including a range of pharmaceutical compounds, amino acids, amino sugars, and natural products. An anomeric amide reagent is uniquely capable of facilitating the reaction through the intermediacy of an unprecedented monosubstituted isodiazene intermediate. In addition to dramatically simplifying deamination compared to existing protocols, our approach enables strategic applications of iminium and amine-directed chemistries as traceless methods. Mechanistic and computational studies support the intermedicacy of a primary isodiazene which exhibits an unexpected divergence from previously studied secondary isodiazenes, leading to cage-escaping, free radical species that engage in a chain, hydrogen-atom transfer process involving aliphatic and diazenyl radical intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J. Berger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Julia L. Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Balu D. Dherange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mark D. Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu X, Li Z, Zhan G, Wu Y, Zhuang Q. Bio‐based benzoxazines based on sesamol: Synthesis and properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST)Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ziying Li
- Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST)Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Guozhu Zhan
- The 806th Institute of the Eighth Academy of CASC Huzhou 313000 China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST)Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qixin Zhuang
- Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (ECUST)Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
El Had MA, Guardia JJ, Ramos JM, Taourirte M, Chahboun R, Alvarez-Manzaneda E. Bioinspired Synthesis of Pygmaeocins and Related Rearranged Abietane Diterpenes: Synthesis of Viridoquinone. Org Lett 2018; 20:5666-5670. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Ait El Had
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biorganique et Macromoléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Marrakech (FSTGM), Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan J. Guardia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M. Ramos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Moha Taourirte
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biorganique et Macromoléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Marrakech (FSTGM), Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Rachid Chahboun
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Alvarez-Manzaneda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan HPA, Chakraborty TK. Diversity-Oriented Approach to N-Heterocyclic Compounds from α-Phenyl-β-enamino Ester via a Mitsunobu-Michael Reaction Sequence. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2027-2039. [PMID: 29334224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we delineate a novel route for the diastereoselective construction of diversely substituted N-heterocyclic ring systems as valuable scaffolds for natural products and pharmaceuticals, starting from an easily accessible prochiral α-phenyl-β-enamino ester. The reaction sequence relies on the unexplored reactivity of α-phenyl-β-enamino ester as a nucleophilic partner in the Mitsunobu reaction to forge the N-tethered alkene-alcohol/thiol/amine intermediate, which was subjected to an intramolecular hetero-Michael addition reaction under mild conditions to furnish the respective N-heterocyclic compounds embedded with an exocyclic chiral center in high yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. The methodology is amenable for a broad range of substrates based on a metal-free approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hina P A Khan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru 560012, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial as opposed to marine sources and includes labdanes, clerodanes, abietanes, pimaranes, kauranes, cembranes and their cyclization products. The literature from January to December, 2016 is reviewed.
Collapse
|