Allylation and Alkylation of Biologically Relevant Nucleophiles by Diallyl Sulfides

Facile and efficient transformation of thiols to disulfides via a radical pathway with N-anomeric amide

Radical coupling of thiols is an attractive route for the synthesis of disulfides, but this approach should be promoted by strong oxidants and/or metal salts in combination with additives, which limits its substrate scope and application. In this work, the N-anomeric amide was first found to be able to realize the conversion of thiols to sulfur radicals with high efficiency in the absence of an oxidant or any additives for the synthesis of symmetrical disulfides. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and moderate to excellent yields.

Regulation Mechanism and Potential Value of Active Substances in Spices in Alcohol-Liver-Intestine Axis Health

Excessive alcohol intake will aggravate the health risk between the liver and intestine and affect the multi-directional information exchange of metabolites between host cells and microbial communities. Because of the side effects of clinical drugs, people tend to explore the intervention value of natural drugs on diseases. As a flavor substance, spices have been proven to have medicinal value, but they are still rare in treating hepatointestinal diseases caused by alcohol. This paper summarized the metabolic transformation of alcohol in the liver and intestine and summarized the potential value of various perfume active substances in improving liver and intestine diseases caused by alcohol. It is also found that bioactive substances in spices can exert antioxidant activity in the liver and intestine environment and reduce the oxidative stress caused by diseases. These substances can interfere with fatty acid synthesis, promote sugar and lipid metabolism, and reduce liver injury caused by steatosis. They can effectively regulate the balance of intestinal flora, promote the production of SCFAs, and restore the intestinal microenvironment.

Electrochemical Heteroatom-Heteroatom Bond Construction

Heteroatom-heteroatom linkage, with S-S bond as a presentative motif, served a crucial role in biochemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and material sciences. Thus, preparation of the privileged scaffold has always been attracting tremendous attention from the synthetic community. However, classic protocols suffered from several drawbacks, such as toxic and unstable agents, poor functional group tolerance, multiple steps, and explosive oxidizing regents as well as the transitional metal catalysts. Electrochemical organic synthesis exhibited a promising alternative to the traditional chemical reaction due to the sustainable electricity can be employed as the traceless redox agents. Hence, toxic and explosive oxidants and/or transitional metals could be discarded under mild reaction with high efficiency. In this context, a series of electrochemical approaches for the construction of heteroatom-heteroatom bond were reviewed. Notably, most of the cases illustrated the dehydrogenative feature with the clean energy molecules hydrogen as the sole by-product.

Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Organosulfur Compounds

Organosulfur compounds are being widely used in medicinal chemistry, as well as in organic transformations and in synthetic applications. Because of their interest in many areas, the development of sustainable and green synthetic methods to access various organosulfur compounds has a high influence on the chemistry community. Electroorganic synthesis has become a very valuable methodology for the synthesis of organosulfur compounds during the last decade. The use of electrochemical technology offers a green, sustainable and safe alternative to prepare and modify such compounds. This review summarises recent developments in the preparation of organosulfur compounds such as sulfoxides, sulfones, sulfinic esters, sulfonamides, thiosulfonates, sulfonyl fluorides and sulfoximines under electrochemical reaction conditions.

Synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides via the cross-dehydrogenation of thiols

Organosulfur compounds with unsymmetrical S–S bonds are usually called unsymmetrical disulfides and are widely used in the biological, medicinal, and chemical fields. Their versatility has guided the development of various new methods for the synthesis of disulfides. In recent years, the synthesis of disulfides by cross-dehydrogenation of thiols has attracted much attention due to its high atomic economy. Herein, this review summarizes progress toward the synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides under chemical oxidation, electrooxidation, or photocatalysis by cross-dehydrogenation of thiols.

A comparative analysis of the essential oils from two species of garlic seedlings cultivated in China: chemical profile and anticoagulant potential

Garlic seedlings (GS) and blanched garlic seedlings (BGS) are two kinds of common garlic-derived vegetables in China, but little information is available on their bioactive constituents. In this work, chemical profiles and anticoagulant activities of essential oils from GS (EOGS) and BGS (EOBGS) were disclosed and compared for the first time. Sixteen and fourteen volatile compounds were identified in EOGS and EOBGS by GC-MS analysis, and both of them were rich in sulfur-containing compounds, particularly diallyl sulfides accounting for 74.77% and 85.87%, respectively. EOGS and EOBGS exerted anticoagulant activities via intrinsic, extrinsic, and common coagulation pathways as well as by lowering the content of fibrinogen; EOGS exceeded EOBGS in the activation of intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways, while EOBGS outperformed EOGS on the activation of the common coagulation pathway, which was even superior to that of heparin at the same dose. Herein, the results of the present investigation will give a strong clue that EOGS and EOBGS are more likely to lead to a promising way to vegetable-based anticoagulants.

Controllable thioester-based hydrogen sulfide slow-releasing donors as cardioprotective agents

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an important signaling molecule with promising protective effects in many physiological and pathological processes.

Efficient and practical synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides via base-catalyzed aerobic oxidative dehydrogenative coupling of thiols

A novel M₂CO₃-catalyzed aerobic oxidative heterocoupling of thiols with air as the oxidant was described for the synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides. High atom economy, green catalyst and oxidant, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope make this strategy extremely attractive.

Electro-Oxidative S-H/S-H Cross-Coupling with Hydrogen Evolution: Facile Access to Unsymmetrical Disulfides

Sulfur is an essential element because it exists widely in proteins. The disulfide bond is an important moiety in many different types of significant organic molecules. A new approach for oxidant- and catalyst-free S-H/S-H cross-coupling, with hydrogen evolution, to construct unsymmetrical disulfides was developed. Under the conditions of an undivided cell at room temperature, a series of unsymmetrical disulfides were prepared with up to 87 % yield from the direct coupling of an aryl mercaptan and alkyl mercaptan. Gram-scale synthesis also highlights the synthetic utility of this electrochemical strategy.