1
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Tseng IC, Zhang MX, Kang SL, Chiu SH. An Anion-Switchable Dual-Function Rotaxane Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309889. [PMID: 37670563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In situ switching of the associated anions of a rotaxane catalyst between Cl- and TFPB- exposes its dialkylammonium and imidazolium stations, respectively, thereby selectively catalyzing the reactions of a mixture of trans-cinnamaldehyde and an aliphatic thiol to yield the Michael adduct and the thioacetal product, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Cheng Tseng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lun Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Iuliano V, Talotta C, Della Sala P, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Neri P, Gaeta C. Hexahexyloxycalix[6]arene, a Conformationally Adaptive Host for the Complexation of Linear and Branched Alkylammonium Guests. Molecules 2023; 28:4749. [PMID: 37375304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexahexyloxycalix[6]arene 2b leads to the endo-cavity complexation of linear and branched alkylammonium guests showing a conformational adaptive behavior in CDCl3 solution. Linear n-pentylammonium guest 6a+ induces the cone conformation of 2b at the expense of the 1,2,3-alternate, which is the most abundant conformer of 2b in the absence of a guest. In a different way, branched alkylammonium guests, such as tert-butylammonium 6b+ and isopropylammonium 6c+, select the 1,2,3-alternate as the favored 2b conformation (6b+/6c+⊂2b1,2,3-alt), but other complexes in which 2b adopts different conformations, namely, 6b+/6c+⊂2bcone, 6b+/6c+⊂2bpaco, and 6b+/6c+⊂2b1,2-alt, have also been revealed. Binding constant values determined via NMR experiments indicated that the 1,2,3-alternate was the best-fitting 2b conformation for the complexation of branched alkylammonium guests, followed by cone > paco > 1,2-alt. Our NCI and NBO calculations suggest that the H-bonding interactions (+N-H···O) between the ammonium group of the guest and the oxygen atoms of calixarene 2b are the main determinants of the stability order of the four complexes. These interactions are weakened by increasing the guest steric encumbrance, thus leading to a lower binding affinity. Two stabilizing H-bonds are possible with the 1,2,3-alt- and cone-2b conformations, whereas only one H-bond is possible with the other paco- and 1,2-alt-2b stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
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3
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Della Sala P, Del Regno R, Capobianco A, Iuliano V, Talotta C, Geremia S, Hickey N, Neri P, Gaeta C. Confused-Prism[5]arene: a Conformationally Adaptive Host by Stereoselective Opening of the 1,4-Bridged Naphthalene Flap. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203030. [PMID: 36317818 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The confused-prism[5]arene macrocycle (c-PrS[5]Me ) shows conformational adaptive behavior in the presence of ammonium guests. Upon guest inclusion, the 1,4-bridged naphthalene flap reverses its planar chirality from pS to pR (with reference to the pS(pR)4 enantiomer). Stereoselective directional threading is also observed in the presence of directional axles, in which up/down stereoisomers of homochiral (pR)5 -c-PrS[5]Me pseudorotaxanes are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rocco Del Regno
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Amedeo Capobianco
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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4
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Yu H, Chai X, Geng WC, Zhang L, Ding F, Guo DS, Wang Y. Facile and label-free fluorescence strategy for evaluating the influence of bioactive ingredients on FMO3 activity via supramolecular host-guest reporter pair. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113488. [PMID: 34265522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Screening inhibitors of flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is very important for treating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) derived thrombotic diseases. Herein, focusing on Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) as a Chinese traditional medicine with antithrombotic efficacy, a facile and label-free fluorescence strategy was developed for evaluating the influence of the bioactive ingredients in XFZYD on FMO3 activity through indicator displacement assay. To this end, the optimized supramolecular host-guest (p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene-oxazine 1) reporter pair and FMO3 catalytic system were exploited to determine the influence of the bioactive compounds in XFZYD on the conversion from TMA to TMAO. From the nine compounds tested, naringin, paeoniflorin, β-ecdysterone, 18β-glycyrrhizic acid, amygdalin, albiflorin, and saikosaponin A downregulated FMO3 activity and reduced TMAO biosynthesis. Moreover, molecular docking was successfully applied to simulate the optimal conformation of a receptor-ligand complex between FMO3 and all tested compounds except for β-ecdysterone. Therefore, this approach provides a novel and promising strategy for screening FMO3 inhibitors from Chinese traditional medicine by supramolecular sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Fei Ding
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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5
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Ueda Y, Kikuchi K, Tokunaga K, Sugita T, Aoyagi N, Tanaka K, Okamura H. A Fluorous Phosphate for the Effective Extraction of LnIII from Nitrate Media: Comparison with A Conventional Organic Phosphate. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2021.1874115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ueda
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kei Kikuchi
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Quantum Beam Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kohei Tokunaga
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
- Ningyo-Toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tomata, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sugita
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noboru Aoyagi
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tanaka
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okamura
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
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6
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Multiple Stimuli-Responsive Conformational Exchanges of Biphen[3]arene Macrocycle. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245780. [PMID: 33302382 PMCID: PMC7762528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformational exchanges of synthetic macrocyclic acceptors are rather fast, which is rarely studied in the absence of guests. Here, we report multiple stimuli-responsive conformational exchanges between two preexisting conformations of 2,2',4,4'-tetramethoxyl biphen[3]arene (MeBP3) macrocycle. Structures of these two conformations are both observed in solid state, and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR in solution. In particular, conformational exchanges can respond to solvents, temperatures, guest binding and acid/base addition. The current system may have a role to play in the construction of molecular switches and other stimuli-responsive systems.
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7
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Pan Y, Barba‐Bon A, Tian H, Ding F, Hennig A, Nau WM, Guo D. An Amphiphilic Sulfonatocalix[5]arene as an Activator for Membrane Transport of Lysine‐rich Peptides and Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1875-1882. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Andrea Barba‐Bon
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Han‐Wen Tian
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Fei Ding
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials and School of Biology/Chemistry Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs) Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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8
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Pan Y, Barba‐Bon A, Tian H, Ding F, Hennig A, Nau WM, Guo D. An Amphiphilic Sulfonatocalix[5]arene as an Activator for Membrane Transport of Lysine‐rich Peptides and Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Andrea Barba‐Bon
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Han‐Wen Tian
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Fei Ding
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials and School of Biology/Chemistry Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs) Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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9
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Iuliano V, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Hickey N, Geremia S, Vatsouro I, Kovalev V, Neri P. Influence of exo-Adamantyl Groups and endo-OH Functions on the Threading of Calix[6]arene Macrocycle. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12585-12593. [PMID: 32900204 PMCID: PMC8011915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Calix[6]arenes
bearing adamantyl groups at the exo-rim form pseudorotaxanes
with dialkylammonium axles paired to the
weakly coordinating [B(ArF)4]− anion. The exo-adamantyl groups give rise to a
more efficient threading with respect to the exo-tert-butyl ones, leading to apparent association constants
more than one order of magnitude higher. This improved stability has
been ascribed to the more favorable van der Waals interactions of exo-adamantyls versus exo-tert-butyls with the cationic axle. Calix[6]arenes bearing endo-OH functions give rise to a less efficient threading with respect
to the endo-OR ones, in line with what was known
from the complexation of alkali metal cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivan Vatsouro
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kovalev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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10
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Wang X, Jia F, Yang LP, Zhou H, Jiang W. Conformationally adaptive macrocycles with flipping aromatic sidewalls. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4176-4188. [PMID: 32458888 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00341g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conformationally adaptive macrocycles possess multiple well-defined conformations through quickly flipping their aromatic sidewalls. The macrocycles combine the binding power of all the conformations. Upon binding a guest, one or a combination of conformations are selected to achieve the maximized binding affinity. In addition, the complex conformational network is responsive to changes in temperature or solvent. It has been demonstrated that these macrocycles have unique properties in chirality sensing, stimuli-responsive self-assembly, and molecular switches. In this tutorial review, we summarize recent advances on conformationally adaptive macrocycles with an emphasis on our own research. We believe that this class of macrocycles will have a bright future in supramolecular chemistry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Fei Jia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. and Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hang Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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11
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Zahim S, Ajami D, Laurent P, Valkenier H, Reinaud O, Luhmer M, Jabin I. Synthesis and Binding Properties of a Tren-Capped Hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:83-89. [PMID: 31659835 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of a new hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene-based ligand capped by a tren subunit was developed and the binding properties of the corresponding zinc complex were explored by NMR spectroscopy. Similarly to the closely related calix[6]tren-based systems, the homooxacalixarene core ensures the mononuclearity of the zinc complex and the metal center displays a labile coordination site for exogenous guests. However, very different host-guest properties were observed: i) in CDCl3 , the zinc complex strongly binds a water molecule and is reluctant to recognize other neutral guests, ii) in CD3 CN, the exo-coordination of anions prevails. Thus, in strong contrast to the calix[6]tren-based systems, the coordination of neutral guests that thread through the small rim and fill the polyaromatic cavity was not observed. This unique behaviour is likely due to the fact that the 18-membered ethereal macrocycle is too small to let a molecule threading through it. This work illustrates the key role played by the second coordination sphere in the binding properties of metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zahim
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniela Ajami
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Laurent
- Service de Chimie Générale, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, CP 609, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivia Reinaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Michel Luhmer
- Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire Haute Résolution, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/08, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Yu H, Geng WC, Zheng Z, Gao J, Guo DS, Wang Y. Facile Fluorescence Monitoring of Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-oxide via Molecular Recognition of Guanidinium-Modified Calixarene. Theranostics 2019; 9:4624-4632. [PMID: 31367245 PMCID: PMC6643440 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and quantification of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite from gut microbial, is important for the disease diagnosis such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis and colorectal cancer. In this study, a novel method was established for the sensing and quantitative detection of TMAO via molecular recognition of guanidinium-modified calixarene from complex matrix. Methods: Various macrocycles were tested for their abilities to serve as an artificial TMAO receptor. Using the optimized receptor, we developed an indicator displacement assay (IDA) for the facile fluorescence detection of TMAO. The quantification of TMAO was accomplished by the established calibration line after excluding the interference from the various interfering substances in artificial urine. Results: Among various macrocycles, water-soluble guanidinium-modified calix[5]arene (GC5A), which binds TMAO in submicromolar-level, was identified as the optimal artificial receptor for TMAO. With the aid of the GC5A•Fl (fluorescein) reporter pair, TMAO fluorescence "switch-on" sensing was achieved by IDA. The fluorescence intensity increased linearly with the elevated TMAO concentration. The detection was not significantly interfered by the various interfering substances. TMAO concentration in artificial urine was quantified using a calibration line with a detection limit of 28.88 ± 1.59 µM, within the biologically relevant low µM range. Furthermore, the GC5A•Fl reporter pair was successfully applied in analyzing human urine samples, by which a significant difference in fluorescence response was observed between the [normal + TMAO] and normal group. Conclusion: The proposed supramolecular approach provides a facile, low-cost and sensitive method for TMAO detection, which shows promise for tracking TMAO excretion in urine and studying chronic disease progression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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13
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Pisagatti I, Barbera L, Gattuso G, Villari V, Micali N, Fazio E, Neri F, Parisi MF, Notti A. Tuning the aggregation of an amphiphilic anionic calix[5]arene by selective host–guest interactions with bola-type dications. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bola-type dications of different length drive the formation of head-to-tail or capsular supramolecular amphiphiles and, in turn, that of the final aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - Lucia Barbera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | | | - Norberto Micali
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici
- 98158 Messina
- Italy
| | - Enza Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche
- Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra (MIFT)
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche
- Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra (MIFT)
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - Melchiorre F. Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
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14
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Pisagatti I, Barbera L, Gattuso G, Parisi MF, Geremia S, Hickey N, Notti A. Guest-length driven high fidelity self-sorting in supramolecular capsule formation of calix[5]arenes in water. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Only homocapsules 1⊃NC8N⊂1 and 2⊃NC10N⊂2 are selectively formed out of ten potentially different products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Lucia Barbera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Melchiorre F. Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
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15
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Manganaro N, Pisagatti I, Notti A, Parisi MF, Gattuso G. Self-sorting assembly of a calixarene/crown ether polypseudorotaxane gated by ion-pairing. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01583c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A polypseudorotaxane composed of a calix[5]arene-diammonium supramolecular polymer and dibenzo-24-crown-8 wheels self-assembles only in the presence of superweak counterions
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Manganaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Melchiorre F. Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Biologiche
- Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Università di Messina
- 98166 Messina
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16
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Gaeta C, Talotta C, Neri P. Calix[6]arene-based atropoisomeric pseudo[2]rotaxanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2112-2124. [PMID: 30202465 PMCID: PMC6122310 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Some examples of atropoisomeric pseudorotaxanes in which the isomerism arises by the different conformations adopted by the wheel are reported here. Upon threading hexahexyloxycalix[6]arene 1 with ammonium axles 2+ or 3+, bearing biphenyl or trifluoromethylbenzyl moieties, respectively, two atropoisomeric pseudorotaxanes were formed in which the calix[6]-wheel 1 adopts the 1,2,3-alternate and cone conformations. The interconversion between them cannot be obtained by simple rotation around the ArCH2Ar bonds of the calixarene wheel, which is blocked by the presence of the axle inside its cavity. Therefore, it can only be obtained through a mechanism of de-threading/re-threading of the axle. In all the examined cases, the 1,2,3-alternate and cone atropoisomers are, respectively, the kinetic and the thermodynamic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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17
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De Rosa M, La Manna P, Talotta C, Soriente A, Gaeta C, Neri P. Supramolecular Organocatalysis in Water Mediated by Macrocyclic Compounds. Front Chem 2018; 6:84. [PMID: 29666791 PMCID: PMC5891620 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades many efforts have been devoted to design supramolecular organocatalysts able to work in water as the reaction medium. The use of water as solvent provides promising benefits with respect to environmental impact. In this context, macrocyclic compounds played a role of primary importance thanks to their ease of synthesis and their molecular recognition abilities toward the reactants. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the recent advances in the field of supramolecular organocatalysis in water, focusing the attention on calixarene and cyclodextrins derivatives. Calixarenes and cyclodextrins, thanks to their hydrophobic cavities, are able to host selectively the substrates isolating they from the reaction environment. In addition, the synthetic versatilities of these macrocycles permits to introduce useful functional groups in close proximity of the hydrophobic binding sites. Regarding the cyclodextrins (CDs), we have here reviewed the their most recent uses as organocatalysts for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, in multi-component reactions and in carbon-carbon bond forming reactions. Examples have been reported in which CD catalysts are able to drive the regiochemistry of common organic reactions. In addition, cyclodextrins bearing catalytically active chiral groups, have shown excellent enantioselectivity in the catalysis of organic reactions. Recently reported results have shown that calixarene derivatives are able to accelerate organic reaction under “on-water” conditions with a significant selectivity toward the reactants. Under “on-water conditions” the hydrophobic effect, induced by insoluble calixarene derivatives, forces the reactants and the catalyst to aggregate and thus accelerating the reaction between them thanks to an amplification of weak secondary interactions. Regarding the use of water-soluble calixarene organocatalysts, we have here reviewed their role in the acceleration of common organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pellegrino La Manna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia " Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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18
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Zheng Z, Geng WC, Gao J, Wang YY, Sun H, Guo DS. Ultrasensitive and specific fluorescence detection of a cancer biomarker via nanomolar binding to a guanidinium-modified calixarene. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2087-2091. [PMID: 29675249 PMCID: PMC5892409 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04989g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a water-soluble guanidinium-modified calix[5]arene to target lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an ideal biomarker for early diagnosis of ovarian and other gynecologic cancers, achieving binding on the nanomolar level. An indicator displacement assay, coupled with differential sensing, enabled ultrasensitive and specific detection of LPA. Moreover, we show that using a calibration line, the LPA concentration in untreated serum can be quantified in the biologically relevant low μM range with a detection limit of 1.7 μM. The reported approach is feasible for diagnosing ovarian and other gynecologic cancers, particularly at their early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zheng
- College of Chemistry , State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials , Ministry of Education , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry , State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials , Ministry of Education , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry , State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials , Ministry of Education , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry , State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials , Ministry of Education , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Hongwei Sun
- College of Chemistry , State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials , Ministry of Education , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry , State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials , Ministry of Education , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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19
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Talotta C, Caruso T, De Rosa M, Gaeta C, Soriente A, Neri P. Threading fluorescent calixarene-wheels with ammonium axles. Supramol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1424852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Tonino Caruso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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20
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Pisagatti I, Gattuso G, Notti A, Parisi MF, Brancatelli G, Geremia S, Greco F, Millesi S, Pappalardo A, Spitaleri L, Gulino A. Recognition and optical sensing of amines by a quartz-bound 7-chloro-4-quinolylazopillar[5]arene monolayer. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33269-33275. [PMID: 35548123 PMCID: PMC9086462 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06792a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pillar[5]arene-decorated quartz slides for the direct detection of linear amines and diamines are now available.
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21
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Manganaro N, Pisagatti I, Notti A, Pappalardo A, Patanè S, Micali N, Villari V, Parisi MF, Gattuso G. Ring/Chain Morphology Control in Overall-Neutral, Internally Ion-Paired Supramolecular Polymers. Chemistry 2017; 24:1097-1103. [PMID: 29124821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of internally ion-paired, neutral AA/BB-type supramolecular polymers composed of complementary di-ionizable homoditopic pairs of monomers is reported. Host-to-guest double-proton transfer mediates the recognition between bis-calix[5]arenedicarboxylic acids and α,ω-diaminoalkanes to yield cyclic, doughnut-shaped assemblies with morphologies (i.e., cyclic vs. linear) that can be controlled by means of external chemical stimuli. The behavior of these intriguing aggregates, both in solution and on surfaces, has been investigated by a combination of 1 H and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, light-scattering, and atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Manganaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pisagatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Notti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Patanè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Norberto Micali
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Villari
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Melchiorre F Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
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22
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La Manna P, Talotta C, Gaeta C, Soriente A, De Rosa M, Neri P. Threading of an Inherently Directional Calixarene Wheel with Oriented Ammonium Axles. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8973-8983. [PMID: 28799754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The threading of monostoppered alkylbenzylammonium axles 7+ and 8+ with the calix[6]-wheel 3 can occur by both routes of entering the macrocycle 3 in the cone conformation: passage through the upper rim and the through the lower rim. Thus, under thermodynamic conditions, with both the axles 7+ and 8+, the two possible orientations of calix[2]pseudorotaxane, namely, endo-benzyl and endo-alkyl, are formed by a stereoselectivity controlled by the endo-alkyl rule. Interestingly, by 1H NMR monitoring of the threading process between 8+ and 3, we revealed two calix[2]pseudorotaxane isomers in which the calix-wheel adopts 1,2,3-alternate and cone conformations, which represent the kinetic and thermodynamic species, respectively. Finally, the synthesis of ammonium-based oriented calix[2]rotaxane is here described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino La Manna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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