1
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Sadowski B, Gryko DT. Dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione - (still) a mysterious cross-conjugated chromophore. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14020-14038. [PMID: 38098709 PMCID: PMC10718078 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones (DPNDs) entered the chemical world in 2016. This cross-conjugated donor-acceptor skeleton can be prepared in two steps from commercially available reagents in overall yield ≈15-20% (5 mmol scale). DPNDs can be easily and regioselectively halogenated which opens an avenue to numerous derivatives as well as to π-expansion. Although certain synthetic limitations exist, the current derivatization possibilities provided impetus for numerous explorations that use DPNDs. Structural modifications enable bathochromic shift of the emission to deep-red region and reaching the optical brightness 30 000 M-1 cm-1. Intense absorption and strong emission of greenish-yellow light attracted the interest which eventually led to the discovery of their strong two-photon absorption, singlet fission in the crystalline phase and triplet sensitization. Dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione-based twistacenes broadened our knowledge on the influence of twisting angle on the fate of the molecule in the excited state. Collectively, these findings highlight the compatibility of DPNDs with various applications within organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw S. Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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2
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Morgan J, Yun YJ, Jamhawi AM, Islam SM, Ayitou AJL. Photophysical Insights of Halogenated Dipyrrolonaphthyridine-Diones as Potential Photodynamic Therapy Agents †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:761-768. [PMID: 36479699 DOI: 10.1111/php.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and photophysical characterization of novel halogenated dipyrrolonaphthyridine-diones (X2 -DPNDs, X = Cl, Br, and I), as candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT) application. Apart from the heavy atom-induced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) dynamics in the investigated X2 -DPNDs, it was found that the position of the halogen atom (relative to the nitrogen of the pyrrole ring) also influenced the triplet excited state behavior. Interestingly, the faster/efficiency sensitization of 3 O2 to 1 O2 using X2 -DPND correlates with the rate of triplet population, kISC >1.6 × 108 s-1 for I2 -DPND vs kISC >2.9 × 109 s-1 for Cl2 -DPND and Br2 -DPND (where τISC = 343 ± 3 ps for I2 -DPND and τISC = 5-6 ns for Cl2 -DPND and Br2 -DPND are the lowest time constants/values for ISC). Furthermore, the heavy atom-induced SOC in Cl2 -DPND and Br2 -DPND did not lead to a reduction of the corresponding fluorescence (ca 75% vs 67% for the parent DPND). The attractive photophysical characteristics of Cl2 /Br2 -DPND put them on the landscape as not only promising PDT agents but also as fluorescence probes. The present study is a stepping stone in the development of novel organic photosystems for synergistic photomedicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayla Morgan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Young Ju Yun
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Shahidul M Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Jean-Luc Ayitou
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
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3
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Pawar AP, Yadav J, Dolas AJ, Iype E, Rangan K, Kumar I. Catalyst-free direct regiospecific multicomponent synthesis of C3-functionalized pyrroles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5747-5758. [PMID: 35775588 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00961g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An operationally simple catalyst-free protocol for the direct regiospecific synthesis of β-(C3)-substituted pyrroles has been developed. The enamine intermediate, in situ generated from succinaldehyde and a primary amine, was trapped with activated carbonyls before the Paal-Knorr reaction in a direct multicomponent "just-mix" fashion to furnish pyrroles with overall good yields. Several C3-substituted N-alkyl/aryl/H pyrroles have been produced under open-flask conditions with high atom economy and avoiding protection-deprotection chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Prakash Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Jyothi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Atul Jankiram Dolas
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Eldhose Iype
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Secunderabad, India
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
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4
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Cheng X, Wang L, Liu Y, Wan X, Xiang Z, Li R, Wan X. Molecular Iodine‐Catalysed Reductive Alkylation of Indoles: Late‐Stage Diversification for Bioactive Molecules. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xionglve Cheng
- Soochow University College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science 215123 Suzhou CHINA
| | - Lili Wang
- Soochow University College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science 215123 Suzhou CHINA
| | - Yide Liu
- Soochow University College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science 215123 Suzhou CHINA
| | - Xiao Wan
- Soochow University College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science 215123 Suzhou CHINA
| | - Zixin Xiang
- Soochow University College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science 215123 Suzhou CHINA
| | - Ruyi Li
- Soochow University College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science 215123 Suzhou CHINA
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Soochow University College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Renai road 215123 Suzhou CHINA
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5
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Kiyokawa K, Urashima N, Minakata S. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-Catalyzed Formal Cyanoalkylation of Indoles with Cyanohydrins. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8389-8401. [PMID: 34077225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant achievements related to the C3 functionalization of indoles, cyanoalkylation reactions continue to remain rather limited. We herein report on the formal C3 cyanoalkylation of indoles with cyanohydrins in the presence of a tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3) catalyst. It is noteworthy that cyanohydrins are used as a cyanoalkylating reagent in the present reaction, even though they are usually used as only a HCN source. Mechanistic investigations revealed the unique reactivity of the B(C6F5)3 catalyst in promoting the decomposition of a cyanohydrin by a Lewis acidic activation through the coordination of the cyano group to the boron center. In addition, a catalytic three-component reaction using indoles, aldehydes as a carbon unit, and acetone cyanohydrin that avoids the discrete preparation of each aldehyde-derived cyanohydrin is also reported. The developed methods provide straightforward, highly efficient, and atom-economic access to various types of synthetically useful indole-3-acetonitrile derivatives containing α-tertiary or quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naruyo Urashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Hunjan MK, Panday S, Gupta A, Bhaumik J, Das P, Laha JK. Recent Advances in Functionalization of Pyrroles and their Translational Potential. CHEM REC 2021; 21:715-780. [PMID: 33650751 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Among the known aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, pyrrole represents a privileged aromatic heterocycle ranging its occurrence in the key component of "pigments of life" to biologically active natural products to active pharmaceuticals. Pyrrole being an electron-rich heteroaromatic compound, its predominant functionalization is legendary to aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions. Although a few excellent reviews on the functionalization of pyrroles including the reports by Baltazzi in 1963, Casiraghi and Rassu in 1995, and Banwell in 2006 are available, they are fragmentary and over fifteen years old, and do not cover the modern aspects of catalysis. A review covering a comprehensive package of direct functionalization on pyrroles via catalytic and non-catalytic methods including their translational potential is described. Subsequent to statutory yet concise introduction, the classical functionalization on pyrroles using Lewis acids largely following an ionic mechanism is discussed. The subsequent discussion follows the various metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization on pyrroles, which are otherwise difficult to implement by Lewis acids. A major emphasize is given on the radical based pyrrole functionalization under metal-free oxidative conditions, which is otherwise poorly highlighted in the literature. Towards the end, the current development of pyrrole functionalization under photocatalyzed and electrochemical conditions is appended. Only a selected examples of substrates and important mechanisms are discussed for different methods highlighting their scopes and limitations. The aromatic nucleophillic substitution on pyrroles (being an electron-rich heterocycle) happened to be the subject of recent investigations, which has also been covered accentuating their underlying conceptual development. Despite great achievements over the past several years in these areas, many challenges and problems are yet to be solved, which are all discussed in summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur Hunjan
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Surabhi Panday
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Anjali Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S., Nagar, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
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7
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Pawar AP, Yadav J, Mir NA, Iype E, Rangan K, Anthal S, Kant R, Kumar I. Direct catalytic synthesis of β-(C3)-substituted pyrroles: a complementary addition to the Paal-Knorr reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:251-254. [PMID: 33306070 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06357f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of β-(C3)-functionalized pyrroles is a challenging task and requires a multistep protocol. An operationally simple direct catalytic synthesis of β-substituted pyrroles has been developed. This one-pot multicomponent method combined aqueous succinaldehyde as 1,4-dicarbonyl, primary amines, and isatins to access hydroxyl-oxindole β-tethered pyrroles. Direct synthesis of the β-substituted free NH-pyrrole is the central intensity of this work. DFT-calculations and preliminary mechanism investigation support the possible reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Prakash Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
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8
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Bai B, Xu F, Yang J, Zhang G, Mao D, Wang N. Synthesis of 3-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrroles Catalyzed by AlCl3. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Tsuchimoto T, Johshita T, Sambai K, Saegusa N, Hayashi T, Tani T, Osano M. In(ONf) 3-catalyzed 7-membered carbon-ring-forming annulation of heteroarylindoles with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00050k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We developed the two recipes, on the indium-catalyzed reductive and oxidative 7-membered carbon-ring-forming annulations of heteroarylindoles with a,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Tsuchimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Johshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sambai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
| | - Naoki Saegusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
| | - Takumi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tani
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
| | - Mana Osano
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science and Technology
- Meiji University
- Tama-ku
- Japan
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10
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Zhang S, Bacheley L, Young CM, Stark DG, O'Riordan T, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Pyrrolyl‐ and Indolylacetic Acid: Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyridinones and One‐pot Synthesis of Pyridinones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zhang
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh Fife Scotland Scotland KY16 9ST UK
| | - Lucas Bacheley
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh Fife Scotland Scotland KY16 9ST UK
| | - Claire M. Young
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh Fife Scotland Scotland KY16 9ST UK
| | - Daniel G. Stark
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh Fife Scotland Scotland KY16 9ST UK
| | - Timothy O'Riordan
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh Fife Scotland Scotland KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh Fife Scotland Scotland KY16 9ST UK
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11
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An XD, Yang S, Qiu B, Yang TT, Li XJ, Xiao J. Photoredox-Enabled Synthesis of β-Substituted Pyrroles from Pyrrolidines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9558-9565. [PMID: 32567860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The merger of photoredox-initiated enamine-imine tautomerization and nucleophilic addition processes to access β-substituted pyrroles from pyrrolidines has been achieved. The significant advantage of this method is suppressing the Friedel-Crafts reaction, which usually occurs between N-aryl pyrrolidines and the highly electrophilic ketoesters. The good functional group tolerance, high atom economy, and high regioselectivity as well as easy handling conditions make it an appealing alternative to synthesize β-substituted pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-De An
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xian-Jiang Li
- Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.,School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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12
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Gil de Montes E, Martı Nez-Bailén M, Carmona AT, Robina I, Moreno-Vargas AJ. Regioselectivity of the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Organic Azides to 7-Heteronorbornadienes. Synthesis of β-Substituted Furans/Pyrroles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8923-8932. [PMID: 32519876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An efficient procedure for the preparation of β-substituted furans/pyrroles is presented. The methodology is based on the use of 7-oxa/azanorbornadienes as dipolarophiles in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with benzyl azide. The triazoline cycloadduct thus formed spontaneously decomposes via a retro-Diels-Alder (rDA) reaction to afford a β-substituted furan/pyrrole derivative and a stable triazole. The scope of this tandem 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition/rDA reaction was studied with thirteen 7-heteronorbornadienes. This study allowed a deep knowledge of the regioselectivity of the reaction, which can be tuned through the substituents of the heteronorbornadienic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gil de Montes
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcı́a González, 1, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Macarena Martı Nez-Bailén
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcı́a González, 1, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Ana T Carmona
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcı́a González, 1, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Robina
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcı́a González, 1, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Antonio J Moreno-Vargas
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcı́a González, 1, Sevilla 41012, Spain
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13
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Zhou L, An XD, Yang S, Li XJ, Shao CL, Liu Q, Xiao J. Organocatalytic Cascade β-Functionalization/Aromatization of Pyrrolidines via Double Hydride Transfer. Org Lett 2020; 22:776-780. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiao-De An
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xian-Jiang Li
- Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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14
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Muralirajan K, Kancherla R, Rueping M. Dehydrogenative Aromatization and Sulfonylation of Pyrrolidines: Orthogonal Reactivity in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14787-14791. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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15
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Muralirajan K, Kancherla R, Rueping M. Dehydrogenative Aromatization and Sulfonylation of Pyrrolidines: Orthogonal Reactivity in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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16
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Indium-Catalyzed Annulation of o-Acylanilines with Alkoxyheteroarenes: Synthesis of Heteroaryl[b]quinolines and Subsequent Transformation to Cryptolepine Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040838. [PMID: 29621195 PMCID: PMC6017974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We disclose herein the first synthetic method that is capable of offering heteroaryl[b]quinolines (HA[b]Qs) with structural diversity, which include tricyclic and tetracyclic structures with (benzo)thienyl, (benzo)furanyl, and indolyl rings. The target HA[b]Q is addressed by the annulation of o-acylanilines and MeO–heteroarenes with the aid of an indium Lewis acid that effectively works to make two different types of the N–C and C–C bonds in one batch. A series of indolo[3,2-b]quinolines prepared here can be subsequently transformed to structurally unprecedented cryptolepine derivatives. Mechanistic studies showed that the N–C bond formation is followed by the C–C bond formation. The indium-catalyzed annulation reaction thus starts with the nucleophilic attack of the NH2 group of o-acylanilines to the MeO-connected carbon atom of the heteroaryl ring in an SNAr fashion, and thereby the N–C bond is formed. The resulting intermediate then cyclizes to make the C–C bond through the nucleophilic attack of the heteroaryl-ring-based carbon atom to the carbonyl carbon atom, providing the HA[b]Q after aromatizing dehydration.
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17
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Yonekura K, Yoshimura Y, Akehi M, Tsuchimoto T. A Heteroarylamine Library: Indium-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Alkoxyheteroarenes with Amines. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yonekura
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science and Technology; Meiji University; 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science and Technology; Meiji University; 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Mizuri Akehi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science and Technology; Meiji University; 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuchimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science and Technology; Meiji University; 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
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Macías MA, Castillo JC, Portilla J. A series of (E)-5-(arylideneamino)-1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitriles and their reduction products to secondary amines: syntheses and X-ray structural studies. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:82-93. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229617017260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficent access to a series of N-(pyrrol-2-yl)amines, namely (E)-1-tert-butyl-5-[(4-chlorobenzylidene)amino]-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C16H16ClN3, (7a), (E)-1-tert-butyl-5-[(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)amino]-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C16H15Cl2N3, (7b), (E)-1-tert-butyl-5-[(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)amino]-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C15H16N4, (7c), 1-tert-butyl-5-[(4-chlorobenzyl)amino]-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C16H18ClN3, (8a), and 1-tert-butyl-5-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)amino]-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, C16H17Cl2N3, (8b), by a two-step synthesis sequence (solvent-free condensation and reduction) starting from 5-amino-1-tert-butyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile is described. The syntheses proceed via isolated N-(pyrrol-2-yl)imines, which are also key synthetic intermediates of other valuable compounds. The crystal structures of the reduced compounds showed a reduction in the symmetry compared with the corresponding precursors, viz. Pbcm to P\overline{1} from compound (7a) to (8a) and P21/c to P\overline{1} from compound (7b) to (8b), probably due to a severe change in the molecular conformations, resulting in the loss of planarity observed in the nonreduced compounds. In all of the crystals, the supramolecular assembly is controlled mainly by strong (N,C)—H...N hydrogen bonds. However, in the case of (7a)–(7c), C—H...Cl interactions are strong enough to help in the three-dimensional architecture, as observed in Hirshfeld surface maps.
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