1
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Liu YL, He XC, Gao J, Li KR, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Visible Light-Induced, Nickel-Catalyzed Late-Stage 4-Alkylation of Hantzsch Esters with Alkyl Bromide. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10987-10997. [PMID: 39037887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Herein, visible light-induced, nickel-catalyzed direct functionalization of the Hantzsch esters (HEs) with readily accessible alkyl bromides has been successfully achieved by taking advantage of HE as the reductant and substrate through an aromatization-dearomatization process. In this strategy, the single electron reduction of alkyl bromides by reactive Ni(I) species is essential for the success of this late-stage transformation. A wide range of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines were rapidly assembled in moderate to good yields under mild conditions, rendering this photoinduced approach attractive for synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chen He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Rong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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2
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Wang X, Wu S, Yang R, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. Recent advances in combining photo- and N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13367-13383. [PMID: 38033906 PMCID: PMC10685334 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03274d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are unique Lewis basic catalysts that mediate various organic transformations by means of polarity reversal. Although the scope of research on two-electron reactions mediated by NHC catalysts has been expanding, the types of these reactions are limited by the inability of NHCs to engage sp3-electrophiles. However, the revival of photocatalysis has accelerated the development of free-radical chemistry, and combining photoredox catalysis and NHC catalysis to achieve NHC-mediated radical reactions under mild conditions could overcome the above-mentioned limitation. This review summarizes recent advances in combining photoredox and NHC catalysis, focusing on elucidation and exploration of mechanisms, with the aim of identifying challenges and opportunities to develop more types of catalytic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Senhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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3
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Ratnam S, Unone S, Janssen-Müller D. 2,2'-Biquinoline-Based Recyclable Electroauxiliaries for the Generation of Alkyl Radicals via C-C Bond Cleavage. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301685. [PMID: 37265104 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl radical precursors are essential for a wide variety of photocatalytic and 3d-metal-catalyzed C-C bond forming reactions. Neutral organic heterocycles as electroauxiliaries such as 4-alkyl Hantzsch esters have become reliable tools for alkyl radical formation. Here we show that 2,2'-biquinoline-derived alkyl-substituted dihydroquinolines act as competent radical precursors with the ability to form primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl radicals. Hydroalkylation of benzalmalononitriles and N-Boc protected diazenes has been achieved through copper catalysis under mild conditions of 50 °C with good to very good yields of up to 85 %. Furthermore, the dihydroquinolines' reactivity towards a denitrative alkylation of nitroolefins such as β-nitrostyrene was discovered. Most importantly, the released biquinoline can be recycled, which greatly improves the overall atom-economy of these alkyl radical precursors in comparison to previous N-heterocyclic electroauxiliaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahilan Ratnam
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shreya Unone
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Janssen-Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Uchikura T, Nakamura H, Sakai H, Akiyama T. 2-Silylated Dihydroquinazolinone as a Photocatalytic Energy Transfer Enabled Radical Hydrosilylation Reagent. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301090. [PMID: 37269182 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The hydrosilylation of alkenes is one of the most important methods for the synthesis of organosilicon compounds. In addition to the platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation, silyl radical addition reactions are notable as economic reactions. An efficient and widely applicable silyl radical addition reaction was developed by using 2-silylated dihydroquinazolinone derivatives under photocatalytic conditions. Electron-deficient alkenes and styrene derivatives underwent hydrosilylation to give addition products in good to high yields. Mechanistic studies indicated that the photocatalyst functioned not as a photoredox catalyst but as an energy transfer catalyst. DFT calculations clarified that the triplet excited state of 2-silylated dihydroquinazolinone derivatives released a silyl radical through the homolytic cleavage of a carbon-silicon bond, and this was followed by the hydrogen atom transfer pathway, not the redox pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, 171-8588, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, 171-8588, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hinata Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, 171-8588, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, 171-8588, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Mei Y, Zhang T, Hao X, Jin K, Zhang R, Duan C, Li Y. Visible-light-mediated α-amino alkylation of ketimines and aldimines for the synthesis of 1,2-diamines. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37466287 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00808h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-mediated protocol to prepare 1,2-diamines has been successfully explored based on the photoredox/Brønsted acid co-catalyzed α-amino alkylations of imines with tertiary amines. Both ketimines and aldimines are applicable to this transformation. Various 1,2-diamines with different functional groups were produced in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, this approach could be performed on a gram scale, showing its practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Tiexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Xinyu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Kun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| | - Yaming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China.
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6
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Wang X, Yang R, Zhu B, Liu Y, Song H, Dong J, Wang Q. Direct allylic acylation via cross-coupling involving cooperative N‑heterocyclic carbene, hydrogen atom transfer, and photoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2951. [PMID: 37221185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a mild, operationally simple, multicatalytic method for the synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated ketones via allylic acylation of alkenes. Specifically, the method combines N‑heterocyclic carbene catalysis, hydrogen atom transfer catalysis, and photoredox catalysis for cross-coupling reactions between a wide range of feedstock carboxylic acids and readily available olefins to afford structurally diverse β,γ-unsaturated ketones without olefin transposition. The method could be used to install acyl groups on highly functionalized natural-product-derived compounds with no need for substrate pre-activation, and C-H functionalization proceed with excellent site selectivity. To demonstrate the potential applications of the method, we convert a representative coupling product into various useful olefin synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Binbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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7
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Liu J, Zhang W, Tao X, Wang Q, Wang X, Pan Y, Ma J, Yan L, Wang Y. Photoredox Microfluidic Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Amino Acids. Org Lett 2023; 25:3083-3088. [PMID: 37087760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated amino acids are a class of highly valuable building blocks that are widely employed in biological science and pharmaceutical industry for improved stability, activity, and folding property of proteins. However, the synthetic approach has conventionally been constrained by harsh conditions and limited substrate range. We demonstrate a general synthetic protocol for photoinduced α-CF3 amino acids using continuous flow technology that benefits from enhanced fusion and precise control of reaction time, making it potentially useful in large-scale peptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangzhang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Liang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Gontala A, Huh H, Woo SK. Photoredox-Catalyzed Synthesis of β-Amino Alcohols: Hydroxymethylation of Imines with α-Silyl Ether as Hydroxymethyl Radical Precursor. Org Lett 2023; 25:21-26. [PMID: 36562568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon bond formation is an efficient approach for the synthesis of amino alcohols using two simple starting materials. Herein, we present a novel method for a divergent synthesis of β-amino ethers and β-amino alcohols in a sequential one-pot protocol under high-efficiency, mild, and metal- or metal-free conditions. Especially, TMSCH2OPMP was developed as a synthetic equivalent of α-hydroxymethyl radical in an in situ photocatalyzed oxidative PMP group deprotection strategy under air. A preliminary mechanistic investigation provides evidence for reaction mechanism involving a photoinduced α-alkoxy methyl radical and superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Gontala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Hyunho Huh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Sang Kook Woo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Korea
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9
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Photoinduced cyclization of aryl ynones with 4-alkyl-DHPs for the divergent synthesis of indenones, thioflavones and spiro[5.5]trienones. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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10
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Sarkar A, Saha M, Das AR, Banerjee A, Majumder R, Bandyopadhyay D. Hypervalent iodine mediated Pd(II)‐catalyzed
ortho
‐C(
sp
2
−H) functionalization of azoles deciphering Hantzsch ester and malononitrile as the functional group surrogates. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92 APC Road Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Moumita Saha
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92 APC Road Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Asish R. Das
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92 APC Road Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Adrita Banerjee
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta 92 APC Road Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Romit Majumder
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta 92 APC Road Kolkata 700009 India
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11
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Yu WQ, Xiong BQ, Zhong LJ, Liu Y. Visible-light-promoted radical cascade alkylation/cyclization: access to alkylated indolo/benzoimidazo[2,1- a]isoquinolin-6(5 H)-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9659-9671. [PMID: 36416184 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01732f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new protocol is herein described for the direct generation of alkylated indolo/benzoimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-one derivatives by using Hantzsch esters as alkylation radical precursors using a photoredox/K2S2O8 system. This oxidative alkylation of active alkenes involves a radical cascade cyclization process and a sequence of Hantzsch ester single electron oxidation, C-C bond cleavage, alkylation, arylation and oxidative deprotonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qin Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Long-Jin Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China.
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12
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Kim J, Lee JK, Moon B, Lee A. Photocatalytic Alkyl Addition to Access Quaternary Alkynyl α-Amino Esters. Org Lett 2022; 24:8870-8874. [PMID: 36414400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective alkylation of β,γ-alkynyl-α-imino esters by visible-light photocatalysis has been developed. This method enables 1,2-addition of methyl, primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals to the conjugated imines under mild conditions to produce a variety of quaternary alkynyl α-amino acid and cyclic amino acid motifs. Alkyl radicals are generated from alkyl bis(catecholato)silicates with an organic photocatalyst. This process is effective under an air atmosphere, providing operational benefits compared to conventional alkylation using organometallic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeong Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjin Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ansoo Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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13
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Xie D, Wang Y, Zhang X, Fu Z, Niu D. Alkyl/Glycosyl Sulfoxides as Radical Precursors and Their Use in the Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204922. [PMID: 35641436 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report here the use of simple and readily available alkyl sulfoxides as precursors to radicals and their application in the preparation of pyridine derivatives. We show that alkyl sulfoxides, N-methoxy pyridinium salts and fluoride anions form electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes in solution, which, upon visible light irradiation, undergo a radical chain process to afford various pyridine derivatives smoothly. This reaction displays broad scope with respect to both sulfoxides and N-methoxy pyridiniums. The synthetic versatility of sulfoxides as a handle in chemistry adds to their power as radical precursors. Glycosyl sulfoxides are converted to the corresponding pyridyl C-glycosides with high stereoselectivities. Computational and experimental studies provide insights into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeng Xie
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhengyan Fu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
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14
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Xiong FT, He BH, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Fan JH. Iron-Promoted Oxidative Alkylation/Cyclization of Ynones with 4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines: Access to 2-Alkylated Indenones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8599-8610. [PMID: 35704791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An iron-promoted oxidative tandem alkylation/cyclization of ynones with 4-alkyl-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines for the efficient synthesis of 2-alkylated indenones is described. The process occurs via oxidative homolysis of a C-C σ-bond in 1,4-dihydropyridines to generate an alkyl radical followed by the addition of C-C triple bonds in ynones and intramolecular cyclization. A wide range of alkyl radicals could be efficiently transferred to generate a series of synthetically useful 2-alkylated indenones with excellent selectivity under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ting Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Bin-Hong He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jian-Hong Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Tanabe Y, Kuriyama S, Nishibayashi Y. Photoredox‐ and Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydroalkylation of Alkynes with 4‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines: Ligand‐Controlled Regioselectivity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200727. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113–8656 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113–8656 Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113–8656 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113–8656 Japan
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16
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Xie D, Wang Y, Zhang X, Fu Z, Niu D. Alkyl/Glycosyl Sulfoxides as Radical Precursors and Their Use in the Synthesis of Pyridine Derivatives**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Demeng Xie
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhengyan Fu
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
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17
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Guo F, Wang H, Ye X, Tan CH. Advanced Synthesis Using Photocatalysis Involved Dual Catalytic System. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Guo
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Hong Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences SINGAPORE
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18
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Uchikura T, Kamiyama N, Mouri T, Akiyama T. Visible-Light-Driven Enantioselective Radical Addition to Imines Enabled by the Excitation of a Chiral Phosphoric Acid–Imine Complex. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Nanami Kamiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mouri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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19
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Chen P, Fan JH, Yu WQ, Xiong BQ, Liu Y, Tang KW, Xie J. Alkylation/Ipso-cyclization of Active Alkynes Leading to 3-Alkylated Aza- and Oxa-spiro[4,5]-trienones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5643-5659. [PMID: 35416658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A method for the preparation of 3-alkylated spiro[4.5]trienones via alkylation/ipso-cyclization of activated alkynes with 4-alkyl-DHPs under transition-metal-free conditions is proposed. This alkylation successively undergoes the generation of alkyl radicals, addition of alkyl radicals to the alkynes, and intramolecular ipso-cyclization. The mechanism studies suggest that the alkylation/ipso-cyclization involves a radical process. This ipso-cyclization procedure shows a series of advantages, such as accessibility, mild conditions, high efficiency, greater safety, and an environmentally friendly method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jian-Hong Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Wen-Qin Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
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20
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Wang X, Zhu B, Liu Y, Wang Q. Combined Photoredox and Carbene Catalysis for the Synthesis of α-Amino Ketones from Carboxylic Acids. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Corcé V, Ollivier C, Fensterbank L. Boron, silicon, nitrogen and sulfur-based contemporary precursors for the generation of alkyl radicals by single electron transfer and their synthetic utilization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1470-1510. [PMID: 35113115 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the use of boron, silicon, nitrogen and sulfur derivatives in single-electron transfer reactions for the generation of alkyl radicals are described. Photoredox catalyzed, electrochemistry promoted or thermally-induced oxidative and reductive processes are discussed highlighting their synthetic scope and discussing their mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Corcé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire - 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Cyril Ollivier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire - 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire - 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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22
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Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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23
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Kancherla R, Muralirajan K, Rueping M. Excited-state palladium-catalysed reductive alkylation of imines: scope and mechanism. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8583-8589. [PMID: 35974758 PMCID: PMC9337745 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02363f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium catalysis induced by visible-light irradiation is a promising tool for promoting unusual chemical reactivity. Here, the hybrid alkyl radical/Pd(i) species generated is used to promote the reductive alkylation of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Jiang HM, Qin JH, Sun Q, Zhang D, Jiang JP, Ouyang XH, Song RJ, Li JH. Copper-promoted cross-coupling of nitroarenes with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines using a peroxide-driven radical reductive strategy. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct radical-mediated reductive coupling of nitroarenes with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines to build the C(sp3)–N bond using 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines as internal reducing agents and alkyl sources is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jing-Hao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jin-Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
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25
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Zhang W, Ning S, Li Y, Wu X. Visible-light-driven photocatalyst-free deoxygenative alkylation of imines with alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12843-12846. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon easy access and direct photoexcitation of xanthate anions, visible-light-driven deoxygenative alkylation of imines with a wide variety of alcohols has been achieved via a phosphine-assisted one-pot protocol, without any photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shen Ning
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Macroocean Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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26
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Yao Z, Zhang X, Luo Z, Pan Y, Zhao H, Li B, Xu L, Shi Q, Fan Q. Na
2
S
2
O
8
‐Mediated Tandem One‐Pot Construction of 3,3‐Disubsituted 3,4‐Dihydroquinoxalin‐2(1
H
)‐ones with 4‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines as Alkyl Radical Sources. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Zhenli Luo
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Yixiao Pan
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Haoqiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Bohan Li
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Lijin Xu
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Qian Shi
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Hua Fan
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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27
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Chen X, Luo X, Wang P. Electrochemical-induced Radical Allylation via the Fragmentation of Alkyl 1,4-Dihydropyridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Yu WQ, Fan JH, Chen P, Xiong B, Xie J, Tang K, Liu Y. Transition-Metal-Free Alkylation Strategy: A Facile Access of Alkylated Oxindoles via Alkyl Transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1958-1968. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient transition-metal-free alkylation/cyclization of activated alkenes using Hantzsch ester derivatives as effective alkyl reagents was described. A wide variety of valuable oxindoles were constructed in a single step with...
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29
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Yao Z, Luo Z, Pan Y, Zhang X, Li B, Xu L, Wang P, Shi Q. Metal‐Free Tandem One‐Pot Construction of 3,3‐Disubsituted 3,4‐Dihydroquinoxalin‐2(1
H
)‐Ones under Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenli Luo
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Pan
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Bohan Li
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Lijin Xu
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Shi
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
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30
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Uchikura T, Fujii T, Moriyama K, Akiyama T. Visible-light driven, metal-free hydroalkylation of alkenes mediated by electron donor-acceptor complex using benzothiazolines. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588
| | - Kaworuko Moriyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588
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31
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Maitland JAP, Leitch JA, Yamazaki K, Christensen KE, Cassar DJ, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Switchable, Reagent‐Controlled Diastereodivergent Photocatalytic Carbocyclisation of Imine‐Derived α‐Amino Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Andrew P. Maitland
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry UCL (University College London) School of Pharmacy 29–39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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32
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Maitland JAP, Leitch JA, Yamazaki K, Christensen KE, Cassar DJ, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Switchable, Reagent-Controlled Diastereodivergent Photocatalytic Carbocyclisation of Imine-Derived α-Amino Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24116-24123. [PMID: 34449968 PMCID: PMC8597041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A reagent‐controlled stereodivergent carbocyclisation of aryl aldimine‐derived, photocatalytically generated, α‐amino radicals possessing adjacent conjugated alkenes, affording either bicyclic or tetracyclic products, is described. Under net reductive conditions using commercial Hantzsch ester, the α‐amino radical species underwent a single stereoselective cyclisation to give trans‐configured amino‐indane structures in good yield, whereas using a substituted Hantzsch ester as a milder reductant afforded cis‐fused tetracyclic tetrahydroquinoline frameworks, resulting from two consecutive radical cyclisations. Judicious choice of the reaction conditions allowed libraries of both single and dual cyclisation products to be synthesised with high selectivity, notable predictability, and good‐to‐excellent yields. Computational analysis employing DFT revealed the reaction pathway and mechanistic rationale behind this finely balanced yet readily controlled photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew P Maitland
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jamie A Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.,Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL (University College London), School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.,Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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33
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Zhang Y, Tanabe Y, Kuriyama S, Nishibayashi Y. Cooperative Photoredox- and Nickel-Catalyzed Alkylative Cyclization Reactions of Alkynes with 4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12577-12590. [PMID: 34319104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative photoredox- and nickel-catalyzed alkylative cyclization reactions of iodoalkynes with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines as alkylation reagents under visible light irradiation have been achieved to afford the corresponding alkylated cyclopentylidenes in good to high yields. Introduction of substituents at the propargylic position of iodoalkynes has led to the stereoselective formation of E-isomers. The present reaction system provides a novel synthetic method for alkylative cyclization reactions of both terminal and internal alkynes with cooperative photoredox and nickel catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuriyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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34
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Wang X, Zhu B, Dong J, Tian H, Liu Y, Song H, Wang Q. Visible-light-mediated multicomponent reaction for secondary amine synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5028-5031. [PMID: 33881074 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01560e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The widespread presence of secondary amines in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, natural products, and small-molecule biological probes has inspired efforts to streamline the synthesis of molecules with this functional group. Herein, we report an operationally simple, mild protocol for the synthesis of secondary amines by three-component alkylation reactions of imines (generated in situ by condensation of benzaldehydes and anilines) with unactivated alkyl iodides catalyzed by inexpensive and readily available Mn2(CO)10. This protocol, which is compatible with a wide array of sensitive functional groups and does not require a large excess of the alkylating reagent, is a versatile, flexible tool for the synthesis of secondary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Binbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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35
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Friestad GK, Cullen STJ. Synthesis of Chiral Amines by C–C Bond Formation with Photoredox Catalysis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1396-8343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractChiral amines are key substructures of biologically active natural products and drug candidates. The advent of photoredox catalysis has changed the way synthetic chemists think about building these substructures, opening new pathways that were previously unavailable. New developments in this area are reviewed, with an emphasis on C–C bond constructions involving radical intermediates generated through photoredox processes.1 Introduction2 Radical–Radical Coupling of α-Amino Radicals2.1 Radical–Radical Coupling Involving Amine Oxidation2.2 Radical–Radical Coupling Involving Imine Reduction2.3 Couplings Involving both Amine Oxidation and Imine Reduction3 Addition Reactions of α-Amino Radicals3.1 Conjugate Additions of α-Amino Radicals3.2 Addition of α-Amino Radicals to Heteroaromatic Systems3.3 Cross Coupling via Additions to Transition Metal Complexes4 Radical Addition to C=N Bonds Using Photoredox Catalysis4.1 Intramolecular Radical Addition to C=N Bonds4.2 Intermolecular Radical Addition to C=N Bonds5 Conclusion
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36
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Wang P, Chen X, Luo X, Wang K, Liang F. Late-Stage Alkylation of N-Containing Heteroarenes Enabled by Homolysis of Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines under Blue LED Irradiation. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1294-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlkylated heteroarenes are widely found in bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, there is great interest in developing a chemoselective alkylation of heteroarenes under mild conditions, particularly during a late-stage functionalization step for the purpose of rapid derivatization. Herein, we introduce an efficient visible-light-promoted C–H alkylation of nitrogen-containing heteroarenes by using C4-alkyl 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) as radical precursors at ambient temperatures. A broad scope of heteroarenes, such as 4-hydroxyquinazoline and its derivatives, including those bearing electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups, can be successfully alkylated in good yields by using various C4-alkyl DHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province and College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University
| | - Xiaosheng Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Kaiqian Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
| | - Feng Liang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
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37
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Zhang D, Tang ZL, Ouyang XH, Song RJ, Li JH. Copper-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylative alkylation of cinnamic acids with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14055-14058. [PMID: 33103675 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06401g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new oxidative decarboxylation of cinnamic acids with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines to construct C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds in the presence of copper catalyst and dicumyl peroxide (DCP). A variety of internal alkenes have been obtained with mild conditions, broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. This method has significant potential for application by using inexpensive and stable cinnamic acids instead of alkenyl halides and nitro-olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Zi-Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. and State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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38
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Wang P, Chen X, Luo X, Wang K, Liang F. Late-Stage Alkylation of N-Containing Heteroarenes Enabled by Homolysis of Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines under Blue LED Irradiation. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1294-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlkylated heteroarenes are widely found in bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, there is great interest in developing a chemoselective alkylation of heteroarenes under mild conditions, particularly during a late-stage functionalization step for the purpose of rapid derivatization. Herein, we introduce an efficient visible-light-promoted C–H alkylation of nitrogen-containing heteroarenes by using C4-alkyl 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) as radical precursors at ambient temperatures. A broad scope of heteroarenes, such as 4-hydroxyquinazoline and its derivatives, including those bearing electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups, can be successfully alkylated in good yields by using various C4-alkyl DHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province and College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University
| | - Xiaosheng Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Kaiqian Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
| | - Feng Liang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
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39
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Shen GB, Xie L, Yu HY, Liu J, Fu YH, Yan M. Theoretical investigation on the nature of 4-substituted Hantzsch esters as alkylation agents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31425-31434. [PMID: 35520635 PMCID: PMC9056415 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06745h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a variety of 4-substituted Hantzsch esters (XRH) with different structures have been widely researched as alkylation reagents in chemical reactions, and the key step of the chemical process is the elementary step of XRH˙+ releasing R˙. The purpose of this work is to investigate the essential factors which determine whether or not an XRH is a great alkylation reagent using density functional theory (DFT). This study shows that the ability of an XRH acting as an alkylation reagent can be reasonably estimated by its ΔG≠RD(XRH˙+) value, which can be conveniently obtained through DFT computations. Moreover, the data also show that ΔG≠RD(XRH˙+) has no simple correlation with the structural features of XRH, including the electronegativity of the R substituent group and the magnitude of steric resistance; therefore, it is difficult to judge whether an XRH can provide R˙ solely by experience. Thus, these results are helpful for chemists to design 4-substituted Hantzsch esters (XRH) with novel structures and to guide the application of XRH as a free radical precursor in organic synthesis. This work presents a convenient computation method to estimate whether a 4-substituted Hantzsch ester can be a good alkyl radical donor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Shen
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Li Xie
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yun Yu
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Fu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang Henan 455000 P. R. China
| | - Maocai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University Rizhao Shandong 276800 P. R. China
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40
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He XK, Lu J, Zhang AJ, Zhang QQ, Xu GY, Xuan J. BI-OAc-Accelerated C3-H Alkylation of Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones under Visible-Light Irradiation. Org Lett 2020; 22:5984-5989. [PMID: 32705873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, photoredox-catalyst-free radical alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones has been described. This reaction utilizes 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (R-DHPs) as alkyl radical precursors and acetoxybenziodoxole (BI-OAc) as an electron acceptor to undergo single-electron transfer with photoexcited R-DHPs. The benign conditions allow for good compatibility in the scope of both quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and R-DHPs. The synthetic value of the protocol was also demonstrated by the successful functionalization of natural products and drug-based complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Kui He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Jun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yong Xu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
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41
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Wang J, Shao Z, Tan K, Tang R, Zhou Q, Xu M, Li YM, Shen Y. Synthesis of Amino Acids by Base-Enhanced Photoredox Decarboxylative Alkylation of Aldimines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9944-9954. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ziyan Shao
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qingli Zhou
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Min Xu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuehai Shen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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42
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Abstract
The innate electrophilicity of imine building blocks has been exploited in organic synthetic chemistry for decades. Inspired by the resurgence in photocatalysis, imine reactivity has now been redesigned through the generation of unconventional and versatile radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. While novel photocatalytic approaches have broadened the range and applicability of conventional radical additions to imine acceptors, the possibility to use these imines as latent nucleophiles via single-electron reduction has also been uncovered. Thus, multiple research programs have converged on this issue, delivering creative and practical strategies to achieve racemic and asymmetric α-functionalizations of imines under visible light photoredox catalysis.
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43
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Photoredox/palladium-cocatalyzed enantioselective alkylation of secondary benzyl carbonates with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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44
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Zhang S, Li Y, Wang J, Hao X, Jin K, Zhang R, Duan C. A photocatalyst-free photo-induced denitroalkylation of β-nitrostyrenes with 4-alkyl substituted Hantzsch esters at room temperature. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Angnes RA, Potnis C, Liang S, Correia CRD, Hammond GB. Photoredox-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkylaryldiazenes: Formal Deformylative C-N Bond Formation with Alkyl Radicals. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4153-4164. [PMID: 32056435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diazenes are valuable compounds that have found broad applicability because of their optical and biological properties. We report the synthesis of alkylaryldiazenes via formal, photoredox-catalyzed, deformylative C-N bond formation. The procedure employs dihydropyridines for the generation of alkyl radicals, which are then trapped by diazonium salts and reduced to the corresponding diazenes. Control experiments were performed to confirm the involvement of radicals in the mechanism. The reaction can be carried out at room temperature and employs readily available reagents; the mild conditions allowed the use of highly functionalized substrates. There was no observed tautomerization of the diazenes to the corresponding arylhydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Angnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States.,Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, C.P. 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chinmay Potnis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Shengzong Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Carlos Roque D Correia
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, C.P. 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerald B Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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46
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Zhu D, Wu Q, Li H, Li H, Lang J. Hantzsch Ester as a Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalyst for Transition‐Metal‐Free Coupling of Arylhalides and Arylsulfinates. Chemistry 2020; 26:3484-3488. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da‐Liang Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Yan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Xi Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Ping Lang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
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47
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Du HW, Sun J, Gao QS, Wang JY, Wang H, Xu Z, Zhou MD. Synthesis of Monofluoroalkenes through Visible-Light-Promoted Defluorinative Alkylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes with 4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines. Org Lett 2020; 22:1542-1546. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wu Du
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Sheng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Dong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, P. R. China
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48
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Leitch JA, Rogova T, Duarte F, Dixon DJ. Dearomative Photocatalytic Construction of Bridged 1,3‐Diazepanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4121-4130. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Tatiana Rogova
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
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49
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Leitch JA, Rogova T, Duarte F, Dixon DJ. Dearomative Photocatalytic Construction of Bridged 1,3‐Diazepanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Tatiana Rogova
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
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50
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Leitch JA, Rossolini T, Rogova T, Maitland JAP, Dixon DJ. α-Amino Radicals via Photocatalytic Single-Electron Reduction of Imine Derivatives. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Leitch
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Rossolini
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Rogova
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - J. Andrew P. Maitland
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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