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Crisci L, Coppola F, Petrone A, Rega N. Tuning ultrafast time-evolution of photo-induced charge-transfer states: A real-time electronic dynamics study in substituted indenotetracene derivatives. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:210-221. [PMID: 37706600 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced charge transfer (CT) states are pivotal in many technological and biological processes. A deeper knowledge of such states is mandatory for modeling the charge migration dynamics. Real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TD-DFT) electronic dynamics simulations are employed to explicitly observe the electronic density time-evolution upon photo-excitation. Asymmetrically substituted indenotetracene molecules, given their potential application as n-type semiconductors in organic photovoltaic materials, are here investigated. Effects of substituents with different electron-donating characters are analyzed in terms of the overall electronic energy spacing and resulting ultrafast CT dynamics through linear response (LR-)TD-DFT and RT-TD-DFT based approaches. The combination of the computational techniques here employed provided direct access to the electronic density reorganization in time and to its spatial and rational representation in terms of molecular orbital occupation time evolution. Such results can be exploited to design peculiar directional charge dynamics, crucial when photoactive materials are used for light-harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Crisci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Petrone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo ed. 6, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Rega
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo ed. 6, Naples, Italy
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2
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Khatua R, Debata S, Sahu S. Computational study of electron transport in halogen incorporated diindenotetracene compounds: crystal structure, charge transport and optoelectronic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13256-13265. [PMID: 35604064 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure, charge transport and optoelectronic properties of newly designed air-stable halogenated diindenotetracene (DIT) based OSCs are reported in this article. The structural, electronic and charge transport properties of the compounds are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) formalism. The air-stability and n-type characteristics are validated from their low lying LUMO energies (<-3.9 eV) and large electron affinity (EA) values (>3.0 eV). Compared with the parent DIT, the designed DIT-X compounds (except for DIT-I) exhibit larger electronic coupling (Ve is found to be ∼1.5 times larger than that of the bare DIT) and higher electron mobilities because of the effect of electron-withdrawing groups substituted at the peripheral positions of the DIT derivatives. The designed DIT-X compounds (except DIT-I) show high electron mobilities (∼2.4-5.4 cm2 V-1 s-1), implying that the compounds can serve as promising electron transport materials. In addition, the UV-visible optical spectra of DIT derivatives (except DIT-F) display bathochromic shifts as compared to the bare DIT compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudranarayan Khatua
- Computational Materials Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
| | - Suryakanti Debata
- Computational Materials Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
| | - Sridhar Sahu
- Computational Materials Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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3
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Jin T, Suzuki S, Ho HE, Matsuyama H, Kawata M, Terada M. Pd-Catalyzed Indolization/ peri-C-H Annulation/ N-Dealkylation Cascade to Cyclopenta-Fused Acenaphtho[1,2- b]indole Scaffold. Org Lett 2021; 23:9431-9435. [PMID: 34851130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel Pd-catalyzed cascade reaction of N,N-dialkyl-substituted o-alkynylanilines involving an indolization/peri-C-H annulation/N-dealkylation sequence has been developed to construct a cyclopenta-fused acenaphtho[1,2-b]indole (ANI) scaffold. A variety of aromatic hydrocarbons having a peri-C-H bond at the alkynyl terminus, such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene, were employed, affording the corresponding π-extended ANI derivatives. The ANI molecules showed relatively narrow energy gaps by increasing HOMOs and lowering LUMOs, implying their potential applications as π-segments in low-band-gap materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienan Jin
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shin Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hon Eong Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masaki Kawata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Synthetic Applications of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling-From Biphenols to Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2998-3027. [PMID: 31342599 PMCID: PMC7027897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative aromatic coupling occupies a fundamental place in the modern chemistry of aromatic compounds. It is a method of choice for the assembly of large and bewildering architectures. Considerable effort was also devoted to applications of the Scholl reaction for the synthesis of chiral biphenols and natural products. The ability to form biaryl linkages without any prefunctionalization provides an efficient pathway to many complex structures. Although the chemistry of this process is only now becoming fully understood, this reaction continues to both fascinate and challenge researchers. This is especially true for heterocoupling, that is, oxidative aromatic coupling with the chemoselective formation of a C-C bond between two different arenes. Analysis of the progress achieved in this field since 2013 reveals that many groups have contributed by pushing the boundary of structural possibilities, expanding into surface-assisted (cyclo)dehydrogenation, and developing new reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische ChemieLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
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5
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Syntheseanwendungen der oxidativen aromatischen Kupplung – von Biphenolen zu Nanographenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
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Yang X, Hoffmann M, Rominger F, Kirschbaum T, Dreuw A, Mastalerz M. Functionalized Contorted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by a One‐Step Cyclopentannulation and Regioselective Triflyloxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInterdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Ruprecht-Karls- Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInterdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Ruprecht-Karls- Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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7
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Yang X, Hoffmann M, Rominger F, Kirschbaum T, Dreuw A, Mastalerz M. Functionalized Contorted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by a One-Step Cyclopentannulation and Regioselective Triflyloxylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10650-10654. [PMID: 31125478 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative cyclodehydrogenation (often named the Scholl reaction) is still a powerful synthetic tool to construct even larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by multiple biaryl bond formations without the necessity of prior installation of reacting functional groups. Scholl-type reactions are usually very selective although the resulting products bear sometimes some surprises, such as the formation of five-membered instead of six-membered rings or the unexpected migration of aryl moieties. There are a few examples, where chlorinated byproducts were found when FeCl3 was used as reagent. To our knowledge, the direct functionalization of PAHs during Scholl-type cyclization by triflyloxylation has not been observed. Herein we describe the synthesis of functionalized PAHs by the formation of five-membered rings and a regioselective triflyloxylation in one step. The triflyloxylated PAHs can be used as reactants for further transformation to even larger contorted PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Ruprecht-Karls- Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Ruprecht-Karls- Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Liu S, Huang C, Zhang J, Tian S, Li C, Fu N, Wang L, Zhao B, Huang W. Synthesis of Sulfur-Hybridized Pyracylene and the Unexpected Phenyl Shift Mediated Rearrangement of Scholl Reaction. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Chengting Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Siyu Tian
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Nina Fu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Baomin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE); Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU); 710072 Xi'an China
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9
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Matsuo Y, Yu CG, Nakagawa T, Okada H, Ueno H, Sun TG, Zhong YW. Reduced Knoevenagel Reaction of Acetetracenylene-1,2-dione with Acceptor Units for Luminescent Tetracene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2339-2345. [PMID: 30656930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acetetracenylene-1,2-dione reacted with 3-ethylrhodanine in the presence of piperidine and Hantzsch ester via a Knoevenagel condensation-reduction sequence to give a tetracene-rhodanine adduct. This reduced Knoevenagel product exhibited magenta luminescence with a fluorescence quantum yield of φ = 0.34 and fluorescence lifetime of τ = 13.2 ns in toluene. Electrochemical studies and charge carrier transport measurements revealed ambipolar properties with hole and electron mobilities of 5.1 × 10-7 and 1.6 × 10-4 cm2/(V s), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Chu-Guo Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Takafumi Nakagawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- School of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , 5268 Renmin Street , Changchun , Jilin 130024 , China
| | - Tian-Ge Sun
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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