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Chatgilialoglu C, Barata-Vallejo S, Gimisis T. Radical Reactions in Organic Synthesis: Exploring in-, on-, and with-Water Methods. Molecules 2024; 29:569. [PMID: 38338314 PMCID: PMC10856544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Radical reactions in water or aqueous media are important for organic synthesis, realizing high-yielding processes under non-toxic and environmentally friendly conditions. This overview includes (i) a general introduction to organic chemistry in water and aqueous media, (ii) synthetic approaches in, on, and with water as well as in heterogeneous phases, (iii) reactions of carbon-centered radicals with water (or deuterium oxide) activated through coordination with various Lewis acids, (iv) photocatalysis in water and aqueous media, and (v) synthetic applications bioinspired by naturally occurring processes. A wide range of chemical processes and synthetic strategies under different experimental conditions have been reviewed that lead to important functional group translocation and transformation reactions, leading to the preparation of complex molecules. These results reveal how water as a solvent/medium/reagent in radical chemistry has matured over the last two decades, with further discoveries anticipated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Center of Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sebastian Barata-Vallejo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 954, Buenos Aires CP 1113, Argentina
| | - Thanasis Gimisis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Kitanosono T, Hashidoko A, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. 2-Methoxyethyl Nitrite as a Reagent for Chemoselective On-Water Nitration. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200457. [PMID: 35612572 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An on-water approach has been developed that allows a nitration of tyrosines and phenols under mild conditions. We envisioned that the assembly of tyrosine/tyrosyl radical couples with interfacial water molecules would realize a biomimetic stacking hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) transition state to facilitate the electron-transfer process. The optimal organic nitrite, 2-methoxyethyl nitrite, resulted in rapid coupling of the tyrosyl radicals with •NO 2 at the oil-water interface to afford the nitrated phenols. Many characteristics found in our on-water strategy are distinct from other complementary systems that include radical nitration. These enticing roles of water in the reaction process introduce new avenues to explore in the design of synthetic organic chemistry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kitanosono
- The University of Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Airu Hashidoko
- The University of Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, JAPAN
| | | | - Shu Kobayashi
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Tokyo, JAPAN
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3
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Wang Y, Han J, Liu Y, Zhang P, Wei W, Jian Y. “On water” Catalytic Michael Addition Between α,β-Unsaturated Ketone and Nitromethane. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Borja-Miranda A, Valencia-Villegas F, Lujan-Montelongo JA, Polindara-García LA. Synthesis of Polysubstituted Isoindolinones via Radical Cyclization of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Ugi-4CR Adducts Using Tetrabutylammonium Persulfate and TEMPO. J Org Chem 2021; 86:929-946. [PMID: 33291875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of an efficient method for the synthesis of polysubstituted isoindolinones from 1,3-dicarbonyl Ugi-4CR adducts, employing an aromatic radical cyclization process promoted by tetrabutylammonium persulfate and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO), is described. The protocol allowed the construction of a library of isoindolinones bearing a congested carbon in good to excellent yields under mild conditions and in short reaction times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Borja-Miranda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Valencia-Villegas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Luis A Polindara-García
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
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5
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Reductive intramolecular coupling of phthalimides with esters and ketones by low-valent titanium. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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6
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Zhou Y, Wu M, Liu Y, Cheng C, Zhu G. Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles via Silver-Catalyzed Oxidative Radical Addition of Cyclopropanols to Imines. Org Lett 2020; 22:7542-7546. [PMID: 32915585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, with cyclopropanols as a C3 subunit and imines as a two-atom subunit, is developed. The reaction takes place under mild conditions and produces a broad array of polysubstituted pyrroles in medium to high yields. It represents the first example of oxidative radical addition to imines, thus offering a new choice for the direct C-H functionalization of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P.R. China
| | - Mingchang Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P.R. China
| | - Cungui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P.R. China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P.R. China
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7
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Nam TK, Jang DO. A synthetic route toward α,α-dialkyl α-amino ester derivatives via radical addition to hydrazone derivatives of α-ketoesters under “on-water” conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Harry NA, Radhika S, Neetha M, Anilkumar G. Recent Advances and Prospects of Organic Reactions “On Water”. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nissy Ann Harry
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi UniversityPriyadarsini Hills, Kottayam 686 560 Kerala INDIA
| | - Sankaran Radhika
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi UniversityPriyadarsini Hills, Kottayam 686 560 Kerala INDIA
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi UniversityPriyadarsini Hills, Kottayam 686 560 Kerala INDIA
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi UniversityPriyadarsini Hills, Kottayam 686 560 Kerala INDIA
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC)Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam Kerala 686 560 INDIA
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Zhang Y, Huang C, Lin X, Hu Q, Hu B, Zhou Y, Zhu G. Modular Synthesis of Alkylarylazo Compounds via Iron(III)-Catalyzed Olefin Hydroamination. Org Lett 2019; 21:2261-2264. [PMID: 30869900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel Fe-catalyzed olefin hydroamination with aryldiazo sulfones for accessing alkylarylazo compounds has been successfully developed. Aryldiazo sulfones are used as radical acceptors, and N-N double bonds will be regenerated when an arene sulfonyl group leaves. The reaction features mild reaction conditions and a broad substrate scope, allowing access to many azo compounds that would be difficult or perhaps impossible to access using other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Chenchao Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Xinru Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Boyue Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
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Saladrigas M, Loren G, Bonjoch J, Bradshaw B. Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT)-Triggered Iron-Catalyzed Intra- and Intermolecular Coupling of Alkenes with Hydrazones: Access to Complex Amines. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Saladrigas
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Loren
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Tankam T, Srisa J, Sukwattanasinitt M, Wacharasindhu S. Microwave-Enhanced On-Water Amination of 2-Mercaptobenzoxazoles To Prepare 2-Aminobenzoxazoles. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11936-11943. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theeranon Tankam
- Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jakkrit Srisa
- Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Sukwattanasinitt
- Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sumrit Wacharasindhu
- Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Romney DK, Arnold FH, Lipshutz BH, Li CJ. Chemistry Takes a Bath: Reactions in Aqueous Media. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7319-7322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David K. Romney
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara
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