1
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Wu J, Ye J, Cen J, Chen Y, Xu J. Induction of Three New Secondary Metabolites by the Co-Culture of Endophytic Fungi Phomopsis asparagi DHS-48 and Phomopsis sp. DHS-11 Isolated from the Chinese Mangrove Plant Rhizophora mangle. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:332. [PMID: 39195448 PMCID: PMC11355877 DOI: 10.3390/md22080332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Co-cultivation is a powerful emerging tool for awakening biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that remain transcriptionally silent under artificial culture conditions. It has recently been used increasingly extensively to study natural interactions and discover new bioactive metabolites. As a part of our project aiming at the discovery of structurally novel and biologically active natural products from mangrove endophytic fungi, an established co-culture of a strain of Phomopsis asparagi DHS-48 with another Phomopsis genus fungus DHS-11, both endophytes in mangrove Rhizophora mangle, proved to be very efficient to induce the production of new metabolites as well as to increase the yields of respective target metabolites. A detailed chemical investigation of the minor metabolites produced by the co-culture of these two titled fungal strains led to the isolation of six alkaloids (1-6), two sterols (7, 8), and six polyketides (9-14). In addition, all the compounds except 8 and 10, as well as three new metabolites phomopyrazine (1), phomosterol C (7), and phomopyrone E (9), were not present in discrete fungal cultures and only detected in the co-cultures. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configurations were assumed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Subsequently, the cytotoxic, immunosuppressive, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties of all the isolated metabolites were determined in vitro. Compound 8 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against ConA-induced T and LPS-induced B murine splenic lymphocytes, with IC50 values of 35.75 ± 1.09 and 47.65 ± 1.21 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwan Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Juren Cen
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuanjie Chen
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.W.); (J.Y.)
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.C.); (Y.C.)
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2
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Gorelik DJ, Desai SP, Jdanova S, Turner JA, Taylor MS. Transformations of carbohydrate derivatives enabled by photocatalysis and visible light photochemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1204-1236. [PMID: 38274059 PMCID: PMC10806712 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05400d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article highlights the diverse ways in which recent developments in the areas of photocatalysis and visible light photochemistry are impacting synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. The major topics covered are photocatalytic glycosylations, generation of radicals at the anomeric position, transformations involving radical formation at non-anomeric positions, additions to glycals, processes initiated by photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer from sugars, and functional group interconversions at OH and SH groups. Factors influencing stereo- and site-selectivity in these processes, along with mechanistic aspects, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Gorelik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Shrey P Desai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Sofia Jdanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Julia A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
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3
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Li NS, Piccirilli JA, Greene GL. Demethylation of dimethyl phosphonate esters with sodium ethanethiolate: Improved synthesis of 5'-methylene substituted 2',5'-deoxyribonucleotides. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 42:538-546. [PMID: 36629008 PMCID: PMC10213112 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2166064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new demethylation method for dimethyl phosphonate esters using sodium ethanethiolate. The new procedure allows demethylation of nucleoside dimethyl phosphonate esters without 1'-α-anomerization, providing an improved synthesis of 5'-methylene substituted 2',5'-deoxynucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Sheng Li
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph A Piccirilli
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Geoffrey L Greene
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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4
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Ito Y, Mizuno K, Sumise S, Kimura A, Noguchi N, Fuchi Y, Hari Y. Generation of 4'-Carbon Radicals via 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer for the Synthesis of Bridged Nucleosides. Org Lett 2022; 24:7696-7700. [PMID: 36214750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and facile generation of 4'-carbon radicals from oxime imidates of nucleosides via 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer induced by iminyl radicals was developed. The cyclization of 4'-carbon radicals with olefins, followed by the hydrolysis of imidate residues, provided various 2'-O,4'-C- and 3'-O,4'-C-bridged nucleosides. This operationally simple approach can be applied to the few-step syntheses of 6'S-methyl-2'-O,4'-C-ethylene-bridged 5-methyluridine (6'S-Me-ENA-T) and S-constrained ethyl-bridged 5-methyluridine (S-cEt-T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Koichi Mizuno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Sanae Sumise
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Airi Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Nozomi Noguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Fuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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5
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Exploiting photoredox catalysis for carbohydrate modification through C–H and C–C bond activation. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:782-805. [PMID: 37118094 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has recently emerged as a powerful synthetic platform for accessing complex chemical structures through non-traditional bond disconnection strategies that proceed through free-radical intermediates. Such synthetic strategies have been used for a range of organic transformations; however, in carbohydrate chemistry they have primarily been applied to the generation of oxocarbenium ion intermediates in the ubiquitous glycosylation reaction. In this Review, we present more intricate light-induced synthetic strategies to modify native carbohydrates through homolytic C-H and C-C bond cleavage. These strategies allow access to glycans and glycoconjugates with profoundly altered carbohydrate skeletons, which are challenging to obtain through conventional synthetic means. Carbohydrate derivatives with such structural motifs represent a broad class of natural products integral to numerous biochemical processes and can be found in active pharmaceutical substances. Here we present progress made in C-H and C-C bond activation of carbohydrates through photoredox catalysis, focusing on the operational mechanisms and the scope of the described methodologies.
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6
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Budnikov AS, Krylov I, Lastovko AV, Yu B, Terent'ev AO. N‐Alkoxyphtalimides as Versatile Alkoxy Radical Precursors in Modern Organic Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Budnikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory for Studies of Homolytic Reactions RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Igor Krylov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory for Studies of Homolytic Reactions Leninsky Prospect, 47 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Andrey V. Lastovko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory for Studies of Homolytic Reactions RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Bing Yu
- Zhengzhou University Green Catalysis Center CHINA
| | - Alexander O. Terent'ev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory for Studies of Homolytic Reactions Leninsky prospekt 47 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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7
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Li M, Ding H, Yan N, Wang P, Song N, Sun Q, Li TT. Synthesis of Reverse Glycosyl Fluorides via Organophotocatalytic Decarboxylative Fluorination of Uronic Acids. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00133k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for organophotocatalytic synthesis of reverse glycosyl fluorides (RGFs) is established relying on 9-mesityl-10-methyl-acridinium (Mes-Acr+)-mediated oxidative decarboxylative fluorination of uronic acids. Both pentofuranoid and hexopyranoid uronic acids are...
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8
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Chowdhury R, Yu Z, Tong ML, Kohlhepp SV, Yin X, Mendoza A. Decarboxylative Alkyl Coupling Promoted by NADH and Blue Light. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20143-20151. [PMID: 33125842 PMCID: PMC7705967 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoexcited dihydronicotinamides like NADH and analogues have been found to generate alkyl radicals upon reductive decarboxylation of redox-active esters without auxiliary photocatalysts. This principle allowed aliphatic photocoupling between redox-active carboxylate derivatives and electron-poor olefins, displaying surprising water and air-tolerance and unusually high coupling rates in dilute conditions. The orthogonality of the reaction in the presence of other carboxylic acids and its utility in the functionalization of DNA is presented, notably using visible light in combination with NADH, the ubiquitous reductant of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdip Chowdhury
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Zhunzhun Yu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - My Linh Tong
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Stefanie V Kohlhepp
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xiang Yin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm Sweden
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9
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Paveliev SA, Churakov AI, Alimkhanova LS, Segida OO, Nikishin GI, Terent'ev AO. Electrochemical Synthesis of
O
‐Phthalimide Oximes from
α
‐Azido Styrenes
via
Radical Sequence: Generation, Addition and Recombination of Imide‐
N
‐Oxyl and Iminyl Radicals with C−O/N−O Bonds Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A. Paveliev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Artem I. Churakov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Liliya S. Alimkhanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Oleg O. Segida
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I. Nikishin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
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10
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Zhou X, Ding H, Chen P, Liu L, Sun Q, Wang X, Wang P, Lv Z, Li M. Radical Dehydroxymethylative Fluorination of Carbohydrates and Divergent Transformations of the Resulting Reverse Glycosyl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4138-4144. [PMID: 31850616 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A mild and convenient method for the synthesis of reverse glycosyl fluorides (RGFs) has been developed that is based on the silver-promoted radical dehydroxymethylative fluorination of carbohydrates. A salient feature of the reaction is that furanoid and pyranoid carbohydrates furnish structurally diverse RGFs bearing a wide variety of functional groups in good to excellent yields. Intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer experiments revealed that the reaction involves an underexploited radical fluorination that proceeds via β-fragmentation of sugar-derived primary alkoxyl radicals. Structurally divergent RGFs were obtained by catalytic C-F bond activation, and our method thus offers a concise and efficient strategy for the synthesis of reverse glycosides by late-stage diversification of RGFs. The potential of this method is showcased by the preparation and diversification of sotagliflozin, leading to the discovery of a promising SGLT2 inhibitor candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Han Ding
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Pengwei Chen
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Qikai Sun
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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11
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Zhou X, Ding H, Chen P, Liu L, Sun Q, Wang X, Wang P, Lv Z, Li M. Radical Dehydroxymethylative Fluorination of Carbohydrates and Divergent Transformations of the Resulting Reverse Glycosyl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Han Ding
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Pengwei Chen
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou 571101 P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Qikai Sun
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
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12
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Zhang J, Liu D, Liu S, Ge Y, Lan Y, Chen Y. Visible-Light-Induced Alkoxyl Radicals Enable α-C(sp 3)-H Bond Allylation. iScience 2019; 23:100755. [PMID: 31884167 PMCID: PMC6941871 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkoxyl radical is an essential reactive intermediate in mechanistic studies and organic synthesis with hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactivity. However, compared with intramolecular 1,5-HAT or intermolecular HAT of alkoxyl radicals, the intramolecular 1,2-HAT reactivity has been limited to theoretical studies and rarely synthetically utilized. Here we report the first selective 1,2-HAT of alkoxyl radicals for α-C(sp3)-H bond allylation of α-carbonyl, α-cyano, α-trifluoromethyl, and benzylic N-alkoxylphthalimides. The mechanistic probing experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the 1,2-HAT reactivity of alkoxyl radicals, and the use of protic solvents lowered the activation energy by up to 10.4 kcal/mol to facilitate the α-C(sp3)-H allylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Yiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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13
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Wan IC, Witte MD, Minnaard AJ. From d- to l-Monosaccharide Derivatives via Photodecarboxylation-Alkylation. Org Lett 2019; 21:7669-7673. [PMID: 31512472 PMCID: PMC6759743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodecarboxylation-alkylation of conformationally locked monosaccharides leads to inversion of stereochemistry at C5. This allows the synthesis of l-sugars from their readily available d-counterparts. Via this strategy, methyl l-guloside was synthesized from methyl d-mannoside in 21% yield over six steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. C.
Steven Wan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Witte
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Ito Y, Tsutsui N, Osawa T, Hari Y. Synthesis of the Methyl Analog of 2′-O,4′-C-Ethylene-Bridged 5-Methyluridine via Intramolecular Radical Cyclization and Properties of Modified Oligonucleotides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9093-9100. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Norika Tsutsui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Takashi Osawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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15
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Wang PZ, Chen JR, Xiao WJ. Hantzsch esters: an emerging versatile class of reagents in photoredox catalyzed organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6936-6951. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This minireview highlights the recent advances in the chemistry of Hantzsch esters in photoredox catalyzed organic synthesis, with particular emphasis placed on reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Zi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan
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