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Tiwari G, Khanna A, Mishra VK, Sagar R. Recent developments on microwave-assisted organic synthesis of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing preferred heterocyclic scaffolds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32858-32892. [PMID: 37942237 PMCID: PMC10628940 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05986c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the utilization of microwave energy has experienced an extraordinary surge, leading to the introduction of innovative and revolutionary applications across various fields of chemistry such as medicinal chemistry, materials science, organic synthesis and heterocyclic chemistry. Herein, we provide a comprehensive literature review on the microwave-assisted organic synthesis of selected heterocycles. We highlight the use of microwave irradiation as an effective method for constructing a diverse range of molecules with high yield and selectivity. We also emphasize the impact of microwave irradiation on the efficient synthesis of N- and O-containing heterocycles that possess bioactive properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumor activities. Specific attention is given to the efficient synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines-, coumarin-, quinoline-, and isatin-based scaffolds, which have been extensively studied for their potential in drug discovery. The article provides valuable insights into the recent synthetic protocols and trends for the development of new drugs using heterocyclic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
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2
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Parshad M, Kumar D, Verma V. An Introductory Overview on Applications of Pyrazoles as Transition Metal Chemosensors. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03402-0. [PMID: 37740878 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Utility of pyrazoles and their derivatives in constructing ordered porous materials with physicochemical characteristics such as chemosensors has undoubtedly created much interest in developing newer frameworks. A variety of pyrazole based chemosensors are known for their remarkable photophysical, pH sensitivity, solvatochromic, ion detection, high quantum yields and nonlinear optical behavior. Many of the transition metals have shown beneficial biological effects in biological systems. There is always a need of continuous monitoring to maintain an adequate range of all and specifically for the toxic ones like mercury. Pyrazoline nanoparticle probes have been reported for sensing/detection of Hg2+ions. Pyridinyl pyrazoline and benzimidazolyl pyrazole derived sensors are more selective and sensitive towards Zn2+and Fe3+ ions respectively. Pyrazole derived metal organic frameworks (MOF's) have been reported for environmental monitoring and biological imaging. Keeping in view of the enormous synthetic and biological importance of pyrazoles, herein, we are presenting an overview on applications of pyrazoles in transition metal chemosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Parshad
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
| | - Devinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Vikas Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
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3
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Choudhuri T, Paul S, Das S, Pathak DD, Bagdi AK. Visible-Light-Mediated Regioselective C3-H Selenylation of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines Using Erythrosine B as Photocatalyst. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37302135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced efficient methodology has been developed for the C-H selenylation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives employing erythrosine B as the photocatalyst. This is the first report on the regioselective selenylation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. The efficiency of this methodology for the selenylation of different electron-rich heterocycles like pyrazole, indole, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, and 4-(phenylamino)-2H-chromen-2-one has been also demonstrated. The exploration of erythrosine B as a photocatalyst with a simple and mild procedure, wide substrate scope, and practical applicability and the employment of eco-friendly energy, oxidant, and solvent are the attractive characteristics of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suvam Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Devendra Deo Pathak
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826 004, India
| | - Avik Kumar Bagdi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
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4
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Paul S, Das S, Choudhuri T, Sikdar P, Bagdi AK. Visible-Light-Induced Regioselective C-H Sulfenylation of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines via Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4187-4198. [PMID: 36916032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced cross-dehydrogenative methodology has been developed for the regioselective sulfenylation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. Rose bengal, blue LEDs, KI, K2S2O8, and DMSO are all essential for this photocatalytic transformation. The protocol is applicable for the synthesis of a library of 3-(aryl/heteroaryl thio)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives with broad functionalities. The selectivity and scalability of the methodology have been also demonstrated. Moreover, the efficiency of this strategy for sulfenylation of pyrazoles, indole, imidazoheterocycles, and 4-hydroxy coumarin has been proven. The mechanistic investigation revealed the radical-based mechanism and formation of diaryl disulfide as a key intermediate for this cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvam Paul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | | | - Papiya Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
| | - Avik Kumar Bagdi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India
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5
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Abdelmoniem AM, Ramadan MA, Ghozlan SAS, Butenschön H, Abdelhamid IA. New Azacycles by One-Pot Three-Component Hantzsch-Like Synthesis of Tetra(hexa)azacyclopenta[a]anthracenes, Tetraazaindeno[5,4-b]fluorenes, and Oxatetraazacyclopenta[m]tetraphenes. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202300009. [PMID: 36855319 PMCID: PMC9975464 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
New Azacycles by One-Pot Three-Component Hantzsch-Like Synthesis of Tetra(hexa)azacyclopenta[a]anthracenes, Tetraazaindeno[5,4-b]fluorenes, and Oxatetraazacyclopenta[m]tetraphenes (H. Butenschön, I. A. Abdelhamid et al.) #OpenAccess Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are envisaged as an entry point for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with interesting biological activities. An efficient approach to annelated tetra(hexa)azacyclopenta[a]anthracenes, tetraazaindeno[5,4-b]fluorenes, and oxatetraazacyclopenta[m]tetraphene was accomplished using a three-component reaction involving 7-amino-2-methyl-3-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one with aromatic aldehydes and the corresponding active 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (namely, dimedone, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, 1,3-indanedione, and 4-hydroxycoumarine). The reactions were conducted in glacial acetic acid at reflux for 5 h to give the desired products in good yields (62-83 %). The chemical constitutions of all new products were confirmed spectroscopically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische ChemieLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
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6
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Sarmiento JT, Portilla J. Current Advances in Diazoles-based Chemosensors for CN- and FDetection. Curr Org Synth 2023; 20:77-95. [PMID: 35184705 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666220218095741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular probes have recently intensified because they are valuable tools in studying species of interest for human health, the environment, and industry. Among these species, cyanide (CN-) and fluoride (F-) stand out as hazardous and toxic ions in trace amounts. Thus, there is a significant interest in probes design for their detection with diverse diazoles (pyrazole and imidazole) used for this purpose. These diazole derivatives are known as functional molecules because of their known synthetic versatility and applicability, as they exhibit essential photophysical properties with helpful recognition centers. This review provides an overview of the recent progress (2017-2021) in diazole-based sensors for CN- and F- detection, using the azolic ring as a signaling or recognition unit. The discussion focuses on the mechanism of the action described for recognizing the anion, the structure of the probes with the best synthetic simplicity, detection limits (LODs), application, and selectivity. In this context, the analysis involves probes for cyanide sensing first, then probes for fluoride sensing, and ultimately, dual probes that allow both species recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeymy T Sarmiento
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, D.C, Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, D.C, Colombia
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7
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Synthesis, anticancer activity, and molecular docking of new pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2023.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Bouihi F, Schmaltz B, Mathevet F, Kreher D, Faure-Vincent J, Yildirim C, Elhakmaoui A, Bouclé J, Akssira M, Tran-Van F, Abarbri M. D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7992. [PMID: 36431477 PMCID: PMC9697137 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Donor−acceptor (D−A) small molecules are regarded as promising hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. This paper reports the design, synthesis and characterization of three novel isomeric D-π-A small molecules PY1, PY2 and PY3. The chemical structures of the molecules consist of a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine acceptor core functionalized with one 3,6-bis(4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamino)carbazole (3,6-CzDMPA) donor moiety via a phenyl π-spacer at the 3, 5 and 7 positions, respectively. The isolated compounds possess suitable energy levels, sufficient thermal stability (Td > 400 °C), molecular glass behavior with Tg values in the range of 127−136 °C slightly higher than that of the reference material Spiro-OMeTAD (126 °C) and acceptable hydrophobicity. Undoped PY1 demonstrates the highest hole mobility (3 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1) compared to PY2 and PY3 (1.3 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1). The whole isomers were incorporated as doped HTMs in planar n-i-p PSCs based on double cation perovskite FA0.85Cs0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3. The non-optimized device fabricated using PY1 exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.41%, similar to that obtained using the reference, Spiro-OMeTAD, which demonstrated a maximum PCE of 12.58% under the same conditions. The PY2 and PY3 materials demonstrated slightly lower performance in device configuration, with relatively moderate PCEs of 10.21% and 10.82%, respectively, and slight hysteresis behavior (−0.01 and 0.02). The preliminary stability testing of PSCs is also described. The PY1-based device exhibited better stability than the device using Spiro-OMeTAD, which could be related to its slightly superior hydrophobic character preventing water diffusion into the perovskite layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Bouihi
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Biotechnologies des Biomolécules et des Matériaux (LCP2BM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - Bruno Schmaltz
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Kreher
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | | | - Ceren Yildirim
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, Université de Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Ahmed Elhakmaoui
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Biotechnologies des Biomolécules et des Matériaux (LCP2BM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - Johann Bouclé
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, Université de Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Biotechnologies des Biomolécules et des Matériaux (LCP2BM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - François Tran-Van
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
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9
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Li X, Chen Z, Liu Y, Luo N, Chen W, Liu C, Yu F, Huang J. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Borylation of Enaminones via C(sp 2)-N Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10349-10358. [PMID: 35895906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cleavage and transformation of alkenyl C(sp2)-N bonds is a significant synthetic challenge. Herein we described an unprecedented nickel-catalyzed reductive borylation of enaminones to synthesize β-ketone boronic esters. Notably, B2pin2 played the dual role in this process, and water served as a hydrogen source, which was transferred to target products. The air-stable nickel catalyst was applied to the cleavage of alkenyl C(sp2)-N bonds, concomitant with the reductive process of the alkenyl boronic ester intermediates, on the basis of the mechanism study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Zunsheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Nianhua Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Weiming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Chenfu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Fuchao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jiuzhong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
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10
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Aranzazu SL, Tigreros A, Arias-Gómez A, Zapata-Rivera J, Portilla J. BF 3-Mediated Acetylation of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines and Other π-Excedent ( N-Hetero)arenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9839-9850. [PMID: 35834668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An operably simple microwave-assisted BF3-mediated acetylation reaction of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and a plausible mechanism based on density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations for this transformation are reported. Remarkably, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the direct acetylation for the functional pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (PP) core. The synthesis of this essential building block is reported in high yields using mild reaction conditions, inexpensive reagents, and even substrates with electron-deficient or highly hindered groups. In addition, one of the new methyl ketones was successfully used as a substrate for producing novel and valuable bis-electrophilic compounds with yields of up to 90%. Notably, the discovered acetylation method was successfully applied in other π-excedent (N-hetero)aromatic substrates.
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11
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Abumelha HM, Bayazeed A, Alaysuy O, Alsoliemy A, Alharbi A, Habeebullah TM, El-Metwaly NM. Synthesis, photophysical properties and DFT studies of 2-(3-cyano-4-((2-(4,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)hydrazono)methyl)-5,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-ylidene)malononitrile dye. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Bromo‐Substituted Diazenyl‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐amines: Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reaction, Photophysical Properties, Bio‐Interaction and HSA light‐up sensor. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200248. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Tang L, Qin F, Huang F, Xu D, Hu Q, Zhang W. Magnetic Fe
3
O
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@Ag Nanoparticles Catalyzed C–C Cross‐coupling Reaction of Aromatic Alcohols. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy Wannan Medical College Wuhu P.R. China
| | - Feng Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu P. R. China
| | - Dongping Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu P. R. China
| | - Qiyan Hu
- School of Pharmacy Wannan Medical College Wuhu P.R. China
| | - Wu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu P. R. China
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Danel A, Gondek E, Kucharek M, Szlachcic P, Gut A. 1 H-Pyrazolo[3,4- b]quinolines: Synthesis and Properties over 100 Years of Research. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092775. [PMID: 35566124 PMCID: PMC9099536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarises a little over 100 years of research on the synthesis and the photophysical and biological properties of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines that was published in the years 1911–2021. The main methods of synthesis are described, which include Friedländer condensation, synthesis from anthranilic acid derivatives, multicomponent synthesis and others. The use of this class of compounds as potential fluorescent sensors and biologically active compounds is shown. This review intends to summarize the abovementioned aspects of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline chemistry. Some of the results that are presented in this publication come from the laboratories of the authors of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Danel
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Podchorążych Str. 1, 30-084 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Gondek
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Podchorążych Str. 1, 30-084 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Kucharek
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Str. 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Paweł Szlachcic
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Str. 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Arkadiusz Gut
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
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15
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Tigreros A, Portilla J. Ecological and economic effort analysis in molecular sensor development used for optical detection of cyanide ions. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Tigreros
- Universidad de Los Andes Chemistry , Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 111711 Bogotá DC COLOMBIA
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Universidad de los Andes Bogotá D. C. Cra. 1 No. 18 A 12, Edificio Q, Of. 830Call 95 No. 71 - 11, Apto 204-1 111711 Bogotá COLOMBIA
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Stefanello FS, Kappenberg YG, Araújo JN, Franceschini SZ, Martins MA, Zanatta N, Iglesias BA, Bonacorso HG. Trifluoromethyl-substituted aryldiazenyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-amines: Regioselective synthesis, structure, and optical properties. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Elattar KM, El-Mekabaty A. Bicyclic 5-6 Systems: Comprehensive Synthetic Strategies for the Annulations of Pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:547-586. [PMID: 33966620 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210509015108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidines are a privileged class of 5-6 bicyclic systems with three or four nitrogen atoms, including four possible isomeric structures. The significance of this class of compounds is that they can be applied in medical and pharmaceutical fields due to their unlimited biological aptitude, hence it is the basic skeleton of several synthetic drugs. The current review aimed to highlight all the synthetic routes that have been applied to construct the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring systems up to date. The sections in this study included the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines by condensation reactions of 5-aminopyrazoles with each of β-diketones, 1,5-diketones, β- ketoaldehydes, α-cyanoaldehydes, β-enaminones, enamines, enaminonitriles, ethers, with unsaturated ketones, unsaturated thiones, unsaturated esters, unsaturated dienones "1,2-allenic", unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated imines, and unsaturated nitriles. The routes adopted to synthesize this class of heterocyclic compounds were extended for ring construction from acyclic reagents and multicomponent reactions under catalytic or catalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mekabaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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18
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Fedotov VV, Ulomsky EN, Belskaya NP, Eltyshev AK, Savateev KV, Voinkov EK, Lyapustin DN, Rusinov VL. Benzimidazoazapurines: Design, Synthesis, and Photophysical Study. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8319-8332. [PMID: 34098716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient approach to a new class of polycyclic 8-azapurines, benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a][1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-e]pyrimidines (BITPs), with good photophysical characteristics is proposed. The approach comprises condensation of aminobenzimidazoles with 3-oxo-2-phenylazopropionitrile to form 3-(arylazo)benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-4-amines, which undergo oxidative cyclization by the catalytic action of copper(II) acetate, resulting in BITPs with 73-84% yield. Spectral investigations demonstrated the fluorescent properties of BITPs, exhibiting good quantum yields (up to 60%) with maxima absorption at 379-399 and emission at 471-505 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Fedotov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Ulomsky
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Nataliya P Belskaya
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Alexander K Eltyshev
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Savateev
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Egor K Voinkov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Daniil N Lyapustin
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Vladimir L Rusinov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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19
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Ma Y, Chen Y, Lv L, Li Z. Regioselective Synthesis of Emission Color‐Tunable Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines with β,β‐Difluoro Peroxides as 1,3‐Bis‐Electrophiles. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ma
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjin Chen
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
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20
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Arias-Gómez A, Godoy A, Portilla J. Functional Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines: Current Approaches in Synthetic Transformations and Uses As an Antitumor Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:2708. [PMID: 34063043 PMCID: PMC8125733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (PP) derivatives are an enormous family of N-heterocyclic compounds that possess a high impact in medicinal chemistry and have attracted a great deal of attention in material science recently due to their significant photophysical properties. Consequently, various researchers have developed different synthesis pathways for the preparation and post-functionalization of this functional scaffold. These transformations improve the structural diversity and allow a synergic effect between new synthetic routes and the possible applications of these compounds. This contribution focuses on an overview of the current advances (2015-2021) in the synthesis and functionalization of diverse pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Moreover, the discussion highlights their anticancer potential and enzymatic inhibitory activity, which hopefully could lead to new rational and efficient designs of drugs bearing the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (A.A.-G.); (A.G.)
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21
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Gao Q, Sun Z, Xia Q, Li R, Wang W, Ma S, Chai Y, Wu M, Hu W, Ábrányi-Balogh P, Keserű GM, Han X. Vinylation of α-Aminoazoles with Triethylamine: A General Strategy to Construct Azolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines with a Nonsubstituted Ethylidene Fragment. Org Lett 2021; 23:2664-2669. [PMID: 33733786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A new general synthesis of pharmaceutically important azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines starting from widely available 3(5)-aminoazoles, aldehydes, and triethylamine is developed. The key is to enable the vinylation reaction that allows the in situ generation of elusive acyclic enamines and the subsequent annulation reaction to occur. This direct and practical strategy is capable of constructing a range of 5,6-unsubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. More importantly, this protocol provides a concise synthetic route to prepare the clinically used zaleplon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Qinfei Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Manman Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Xinya Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, P. R. China
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22
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Amin S, Alam MM, Akhter M, Najmi AK, Siddiqui N, Husain A, Shaquiquzzaman M. A review on synthetic procedures and applications of phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3) in the last biennial period (2018–19). PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1831499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Amin
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - A. K. Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Asif Husain
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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23
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Augmentation of steroidal β-formylenamide with pyrazolo and benzimidazo moieties: A tandem approach to highly fluorescent steroidal heterocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Subashini C, Kennedy LJ, Singh FV. Synthesis, spectral characterization and photophysical studies of tetrahydroquinolines. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Abstract
AbstractEnaminones are gaining increasing interest because of their unique properties and their importance in organic synthesis as versatile building blocks. N,N-Dimethyl enaminones offer a better leaving group (a dimethylamine group) than other enaminones, and allow further elaboration via a range of facile chemical transformations. Over the past five years, there have been an increasing number of reports describing the synthetic applications of N,N-dimethyl enaminones. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the synthetic applications of N,N-dimethyl enaminones that have been reported since 2016.1 Introduction2 Direct C(sp2)–H α-Functionalization2.1 Synthesis of α-Sulfenylated N,N-Dimethyl Enaminones2.2 Synthesis of α-Thiocyanated N,N-Dimethyl Enaminones2.3 Synthesis of α-Acyloxylated N,N-Dimethyl Enaminones3 Functionalization Reactions via C=C Double Bond Cleavage3.1 Synthesis of Functionalized Methyl Ketones3.2 Synthesis of α-Ketoamides, α-Ketoesters and 1,2-Diketones3.3 Synthesis of N-Sulfonyl Amidines4 Construction of All-Carbon Aromatic Scaffolds4.1 Synthesis of Benzaldehydes4.2 Synthesis of the Naphthalenes5 Construction of Heterocyclic Scaffolds5.1 Synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocycles5.2 Synthesis of Six-Membered Heterocycles5.3 Synthesis of Quinolines 5.4 Synthesis of Functionalized Chromones5.5 Synthesis of Other Fused Polycyclic Heterocycles6 Conclusions and Perspectives
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology
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26
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Tigreros A, Aranzazu SL, Bravo NF, Zapata-Rivera J, Portilla J. Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines-based fluorophores: a comprehensive theoretical-experimental study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39542-39552. [PMID: 35515403 PMCID: PMC9057447 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07716j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent molecules are crucial tools for studying the dynamics of intracellular processes, chemosensors, and the progress of organic materials. In this study, a family of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (PPs) 4a-g has been identified as strategic compounds for optical applications due to several key characteristics such as their simpler and greener synthetic methodology (RME: 40-53%) as compared to those of BODIPYS (RME: 1.31-17.9%), and their tunable photophysical properties (going from ε = 3320 M-1 cm-1 and ϕ F = 0.01 to ε = 20 593 M-1 cm-1 and ϕ F = 0.97), in which electron-donating groups (EDGs) at position 7 on the fused ring improve both the absorption and emission behaviors. The PPs bearing simple aryl groups such as 4a (4-Py), 4b (2,4-Cl2Ph), 4d (Ph) and 4e (4-MeOPh), allow good solid-state emission intensities (QYSS = 0.18 to 0.63) in these compounds and thus, solid-state emitters can be designed by proper structural selection. The properties and stability found in 4a-g are comparable to commercial probes such as coumarin-153, prodan and rhodamine 6G. Ultimately, the electronic structure analysis based on DFT and TD-DFT calculations revealed that EDGs at position 7 on the fused ring favor large absorption/emission intensities as a result of the ICT to/from this ring; however, these intensities remain low with electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs), which is in line with the experimental data and allows us to understand the optical properties of this fluorophore family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Tigreros
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 Bogotá 111711 Colombia
| | - Sandra-L Aranzazu
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 Bogotá 111711 Colombia
| | - Nestor-F Bravo
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 Bogotá 111711 Colombia
| | - Jhon Zapata-Rivera
- Molecular Electronic Structure Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 Bogotá 111711 Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 Bogotá 111711 Colombia
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27
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Gogula T, Zhang J, Lonka MR, Zhang S, Zou H. Temperature-modulated selective C(sp 3)-H or C(sp 2)-H arylation through palladium catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11461-11467. [PMID: 34094389 PMCID: PMC8162910 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02328k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalysed C–H bond functionalisations have been extensively developed in organic and medicinal chemistry. Among these catalytic approaches, the selective activation of C(sp3)–H and C(sp2)–H bonds is particularly appealing for its remarkable synthetic versatility, yet it remains highly challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the first example of temperature-dependent selective C–H functionalisation of unactivated C(sp3)–H or C(sp2)–H bonds at remote positions through palladium catalysis using 7-pyridyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine as a new directing group. At 120 °C, C(sp3)–H arylation was triggered by the chelation of a rare [6,5]-fused palladacycle, whereas at 140 °C, C(sp2)–H arylation proceeded instead through the formation of a 16-membered tetramer containing four 7-pyridyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine–palladium chelation units. The subsequent mechanistic study revealed that both C–H activations shared a common 6-membered palladacycle intermediate, which was then directly transformed to either the [6,5]-fused palladacycle for C(sp3)–H activation at 120 °C or the tetramer for C(sp2)–H arylation at 140 °C with catalytic amounts of Pd(OAc)2 and AcOH. Raising the temperature from 120 °C to 140 °C can also convert the [6,5]-fused palladacycle to the tetramer with the above-mentioned catalysts, hence completing the C(sp2)–H arylation ultimately. Unprecedented 16-membered tetramer or [6,5]-fused palladacycle, mutually shadowboxing-like transformed from the shared common intermediate, accomplishes the Pd-catalysed temperature-dependent selective arylation of C(sp2)–H or C(sp3)–H.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirupathi Gogula
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 P. R. China
| | - Jinquan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 P. R. China
| | - Madhava Reddy Lonka
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 P. R. China
| | - Shuaizhong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 P. R. China
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28
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Synthesis, characterization and computational studies of 4-[(Pyridine-3-carbonyl)-hydrazonomethyl]-benzoic acid. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Tigreros A, Portilla J. Recent progress in chemosensors based on pyrazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19693-19712. [PMID: 35515469 PMCID: PMC9054117 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorimetric and fluorescent probes based on small organic molecules have become important tools in modern biology because they provide dynamic information concerning the localization and quantity of the molecules and ions of interest without the need for genetic engineering of the sample. In the past five years, these probes for ions and molecules have attracted great attention because of their biological, environmental and industrial significance combined with the simplicity and high sensitivity of absorption and fluorescence techniques. Moreover, pyrazole derivatives display a number of remarkable photophysical properties and wide synthetic versatility superior to those of other broadly used scaffolds. This review provides an overview of the recent (2016-2020) findings on chemosensors containing pyrazole derivatives (pyrazoles, pyrazolines and fused pyrazoles). The discussion focuses on the design and physicochemical properties of chemosensors in order to realize their full potential for practical applications in environmental and biological monitoring (sensing of metal ions, anions, explosives, and biomolecules). We also present our conclusions and outlook for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Tigreros
- Department of Chemistry, Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 Bogotá 111711 Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Department of Chemistry, Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Universidad de los Andes Carrera 1 No. 18A-10 Bogotá 111711 Colombia
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30
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Vargas-Oviedo D, Butassi E, Zacchino S, Portilla J. Eco-friendly synthesis and antifungal evaluation of N-substituted benzimidazoles. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Tigreros A, Castillo JC, Portilla J. Cyanide chemosensors based on 3-dicyanovinylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines: Effects of peripheral 4-anisyl group substitution on the photophysical properties. Talanta 2020; 215:120905. [PMID: 32312450 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel dual-mode colorimetric/fluorometric probes based on 3-dicyanovinylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines for cyanide (CN-) sensing have been developed (DPPa-c). These probes displayed high selectivity and sensitivity toward CN- over other interfering anions, with a detection limit (LOD) as low as 610/170 nmol L-1 (absorption/emission) for some of the prepared probes. After a reaction with CN-, low-fluorescent DPPa-c showed a significant decrease of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) bands at approximately 390 nm (color changes from yellow to colorless) and exhibited up to an 82-fold fluorescence enhancement at approximately 465 nm (strong blue-light emission). The successive introduction of 4-anisyl (4-MeOPh) groups on periphery of the heterocyclic core had a dramatic influence on both the photophysical properties and CN- detection capability. The number of channels for CN- quantification in the absorption spectra increased from 1 in DPPa to 3 in DPPc. Moreover, the fluorescence emission LOD decreased from 300 nmol L-1 in DPPa to 170 nmol L-1 in DPPc. Finally, the selectivity toward CN- demonstrated a notable improvement when the probe had three 4-anisyl groups in its periphery (i.e., DPPc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Tigreros
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan-Carlos Castillo
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia; Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC, Avenida Central del Norte, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia.
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32
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Peytam F, Adib M, Shourgeshty R, Firoozpour L, Rahmanian-Jazi M, Jahani M, Moghimi S, Divsalar K, Faramarzi MA, Mojtabavi S, Safari F, Mahdavi M, Foroumadi A. An efficient and targeted synthetic approach towards new highly substituted 6-amino-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2595. [PMID: 32054916 PMCID: PMC7018746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to find novel α-glucosidase inhibitors, an efficient, straightforward reaction to synthesize a library of fully substituted 6-amino-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 3 has been investigated. Heating a mixture of α-azidochalcones 1 and 3-aminopyrazoles 2 under the mild condition afforded desired compounds with a large substrate scope in good to excellent yields. All obtained products were evaluated as α-glucosidase inhibitors and exhibited excellent potency with IC50 values ranging from 15.2 ± 0.4 µM to 201.3 ± 4.2 µM. Among them, compound 3d was around 50-fold more potent than acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 ± 1.5 µM) as standard inhibitor. Regarding product structures, kinetic study and molecular docking were carried out for two of the most potent ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Peytam
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Adib
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reihaneh Shourgeshty
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rahmanian-Jazi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jahani
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Moghimi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kouros Divsalar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mojtabavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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33
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Li J, Zhang S, Zou H. One-pot chemoselective domino condensation to form a fused pyrrolo–pyrazino–indolizine framework: discovery of novel AIE molecules. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00274g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A fused pyrrolo–pyrazino–indolizine (5-6-6-5) framework with excellent AIE properties and application in living cell imaging was constructed via chemoselective domino condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shuaizhong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China
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34
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Garzón LM, Portilla J. Synthesis of Novel D-π-A Dyes for Colorimetric Cyanide Sensing Based on Hemicyanine-Functionalized N
-(2-Pyridyl)pyrazoles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luz-Mery Garzón
- Departamento de Química; Universidad de los Andes; Carrera 1 N° 18A-12 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Departamento de Química; Universidad de los Andes; Carrera 1 N° 18A-12 Bogotá Colombia
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35
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Castillo JC, Tigreros A, Coquerel Y, Rodríguez J, Macías MA, Portilla J. Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3- c]isoquinolines via the Cycloaddition of Benzyne with Arylideneaminopyrroles: Photophysical and Crystallographic Study. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17326-17339. [PMID: 31656906 PMCID: PMC6811864 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and quick access toward a series of (E)-2-arylideneaminopyrroles 6 and to their benzyne-promoted aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition products is provided. These products are three pyrrolo[2,3-c]isoquinolines 8a-c substituted in position 5 with different electron-acceptor (A) or electron-donor (D) aryl groups. Intermediates and products were obtained in good yields (up to 78 and 84%, respectively), and their structures were determined on the basis of NMR measurements and HRMS analysis. Photophysical properties of 8a-c were investigated, finding good Stokes shift in different solvents, but only the product 8c showed appreciable fluorescence intensity since its 5-aryl group (2,4-Cl2Ph) could favor the twisted intramolecular charge transfer effect. In addition, a riveting relationship between solvent viscosity and fluorescence intensity was found. Structures of 6 and 8 were studied and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, observing that their electronic distributions effect the supramolecular assembly but with only long-distance hydrophobic interactions. A CE-B3LYP model was used to study the energetic topology and understand the crystal architecture of compounds as well as find a connection with both the synthetic and photophysical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Castillo
- Bioorganic
Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Escuela
de Ciencias Química, Universidad
Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Alexis Tigreros
- Bioorganic
Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix
Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Jean Rodríguez
- Aix
Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Mario A. Macías
- Department
of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic
Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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36
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Orrego-Hernández J, Cobo J, Portilla J. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Metal-Ion Recognition Studies of Fluoroionophores Based on 1-(2-Pyridyl)-4-Styrylpyrazoles. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16689-16700. [PMID: 31616852 PMCID: PMC6788039 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A convenient access toward novel fluoroionophores based on 1-(2-pyridyl)-4-styrylpyrazoles (PSPs) substituted at position 3 with donor or acceptor aryl groups is reported. The synthesis proceeds in two steps: the first one via Wittig olefination of the appropriate 4-formylpyrazole and then Mizoroki-Heck coupling to yield the desired products in an overall yield of up to 69%. Photophysical properties of products (4-styryl) and their intermediates (4-vinyl) were explored, finding that they have strong blue-light emission with high quantum yields (up to 66%) due to ICT phenomena. The 3-phenyl PSP was studied as a turn-off fluorescent probe in metal ion sensing, finding a high selectivity to Hg2+ (LOD = 3.1 × 10-7 M) in a process that could be reversed with ethylenediamine. The sensing mechanism and binding mode of the ligand to Hg2+ were established by HRMS analysis and 1H NMR titration tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Orrego-Hernández
- Bioorganic Compounds
Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Justo Cobo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
Campus las Lagunillas, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds
Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
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37
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Gogula T, Zhang JQ, Zou HB. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective C(sp 2)-H Functionalization of 7-Arylpyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines with Dioxazolones as Amidating Agents. Org Lett 2019; 21:5933-5937. [PMID: 31328523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalization of 7-arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines was developed wherein the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety is reported for the first time to direct the C-H bond activation. Various 7-arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines underwent smooth C-H amidation with alkyl-, aryl-, and heteroaryl-substituted dioxazolones to afford the products in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that a six-membered rhodacycle intermediate involving N1 might play a key role in the regioselective catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirupathi Gogula
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
| | - Jin-Quan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
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38
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Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are fused N-heterocyclic systems of a pyrazole. They are considered as a key structural motif in many vital applications, such as medicinal, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and pigments. Their synthetic routes have escalated dramatically in the last decades. The current review is a recent synthetic survey of pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines and their applications until recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Azmi
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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39
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Synthesis of Pyrimidines with Ammonium Acetate as Nitrogen Source Under Solvent‐Free Conditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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García M, Romero I, Portilla J. Synthesis of Fluorescent 1,7-Dipyridyl-bis-pyrazolo[3,4- b:4',3'- e]pyridines: Design of Reversible Chemosensors for Nanomolar Detection of Cu 2. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6757-6768. [PMID: 31459798 PMCID: PMC6648379 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient access toward novel tridentate ligands based on 1,7-dipyridinyl-substituted bis-pyrazolo[3,4-b:4',3'-e]pyridines (BPs) and their usefulness as fluorescent probes for cation detection is reported. The synthesis proceeds by a three-step sequence starting from 2-chloropyridine (1), all reactions were performed using microwave radiation under solvent-free conditions, and an overall yield of up to 63% was obtained. Photophysical properties of three representative 1,7-dipyridinyl-BPs (PBPs, 6a-6c) substituted at position 4 with different donor (D) or acceptor (A) groups were investigated. Compounds exhibited large Stokes shift in different solvents and strong blue light emission in both solution and solid state, and quantum yields were as high as 88% for some of them; thus, a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) fluorescence mechanism characteristic of the 1,4,7-triaryl-BPs was confirmed. The 4-phenyl-substituted probe (Ph-PBP, 6b) was used successfully in the detection of some metals (Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Hg2+) by fluorescence quenching phenomena, which could be reversed in the presence of ethylenediamine. This probe showed a greater sensitivity toward Cu2+ in concentrations as low as 26 nM, and in the process of "on-off-on" for this fluorescent molecular switch, only 1 equiv of the analyte was used.
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Orrego-Hernández J, Lizarazo C, Cobo J, Portilla J. Pyrazolo-fused 4-azafluorenones as key reagents for the synthesis of fluorescent dicyanovinylidene-substituted derivatives. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27318-27323. [PMID: 35529179 PMCID: PMC9070601 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04682h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A green method for the three-component synthesis of an indeno[1,2-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridines library under microwave irradiation and their use in the preparation of novel fluorescent dicyanovinylidene-substituted derivatives is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Orrego-Hernández
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá 111711
- Colombia
| | - Carolina Lizarazo
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá 111711
- Colombia
| | - Justo Cobo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica
- Universidad de Jaén
- 23071 Jaén
- Spain
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá 111711
- Colombia
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Integrated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-hemicyanine system as a colorimetric and fluorometric chemosensor for cyanide recognition in water. Talanta 2018; 196:395-401. [PMID: 30683383 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new probe for cyanide detection based on the integrated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-hemicyanine (PpHe) system was synthesized in an efficient and straightforward manner using microwave-assisted heating. Photophysical studies in a 100% aqueous solution demonstrated high cyanide selectivity and detection limits as low as 600 and 86 nmol L-1 for UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission, respectively. Both values are well below 1900 nmol L-1, which is the maximum concentration permitted for drinking water by the World Health Organization (WHO). HRMS analysis and NMR experiments were performed to confirm the mechanism of detection based on blocking the ICT phenomenon via nucleophilic addition of CN- on the C˭N+ bond (iminium salt moiety) of the probe.
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