1
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Sadowski B, Gryko DT. Dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione - (still) a mysterious cross-conjugated chromophore. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14020-14038. [PMID: 38098709 PMCID: PMC10718078 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones (DPNDs) entered the chemical world in 2016. This cross-conjugated donor-acceptor skeleton can be prepared in two steps from commercially available reagents in overall yield ≈15-20% (5 mmol scale). DPNDs can be easily and regioselectively halogenated which opens an avenue to numerous derivatives as well as to π-expansion. Although certain synthetic limitations exist, the current derivatization possibilities provided impetus for numerous explorations that use DPNDs. Structural modifications enable bathochromic shift of the emission to deep-red region and reaching the optical brightness 30 000 M-1 cm-1. Intense absorption and strong emission of greenish-yellow light attracted the interest which eventually led to the discovery of their strong two-photon absorption, singlet fission in the crystalline phase and triplet sensitization. Dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione-based twistacenes broadened our knowledge on the influence of twisting angle on the fate of the molecule in the excited state. Collectively, these findings highlight the compatibility of DPNDs with various applications within organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw S. Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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2
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Sadowski B, Kaliszewska M, Clermont G, Poronik YM, Blanchard-Desce M, Piątkowski P, Gryko DT. Realization of nitroaromatic chromophores with intense two-photon brightness. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11708-11711. [PMID: 37700732 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03347c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Strong fluorescence is a general feature of dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones bearing two nitrophenyl substituents. Methyl groups simultaneously being weakly electron-donating and inducing steric hindrance appear to be a key structural parameter that allows for significant emission enhancement, whereas Et2N groups cause fluorescence quenching. The magnitude of two-photon absorption increases if 4-nitrophenyl substituents are present while the contribution of Et2N groups is detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, Warsaw 02-097, Poland.
| | - Marzena Kaliszewska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland.
| | - Guillaume Clermont
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence F-33400, France.
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | | | - Piotr Piątkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
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3
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Morgan J, Yun YJ, Jamhawi AM, Islam SM, Ayitou AJL. Photophysical Insights of Halogenated Dipyrrolonaphthyridine-Diones as Potential Photodynamic Therapy Agents †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:761-768. [PMID: 36479699 DOI: 10.1111/php.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and photophysical characterization of novel halogenated dipyrrolonaphthyridine-diones (X2 -DPNDs, X = Cl, Br, and I), as candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT) application. Apart from the heavy atom-induced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) dynamics in the investigated X2 -DPNDs, it was found that the position of the halogen atom (relative to the nitrogen of the pyrrole ring) also influenced the triplet excited state behavior. Interestingly, the faster/efficiency sensitization of 3 O2 to 1 O2 using X2 -DPND correlates with the rate of triplet population, kISC >1.6 × 108 s-1 for I2 -DPND vs kISC >2.9 × 109 s-1 for Cl2 -DPND and Br2 -DPND (where τISC = 343 ± 3 ps for I2 -DPND and τISC = 5-6 ns for Cl2 -DPND and Br2 -DPND are the lowest time constants/values for ISC). Furthermore, the heavy atom-induced SOC in Cl2 -DPND and Br2 -DPND did not lead to a reduction of the corresponding fluorescence (ca 75% vs 67% for the parent DPND). The attractive photophysical characteristics of Cl2 /Br2 -DPND put them on the landscape as not only promising PDT agents but also as fluorescence probes. The present study is a stepping stone in the development of novel organic photosystems for synergistic photomedicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayla Morgan
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Young Ju Yun
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Shahidul M Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Jean-Luc Ayitou
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Sadowski B, Mierzwa D, Kang S, Grzybowski M, Poronik YM, Sobolewski AL, Kim D, Gryko DT. Tuning the aromatic backbone twist in dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3697-3700. [PMID: 35225999 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06863f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes the photophysical behavior of three analogs of cyclophane bearing the dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione (DPND) core. In these molecules, intersystem crossing (ISC) can be successfully induced by distinct changes in the deviation from planarity within the DPND core, allowing at the same time the emission maximum to shift from the green to red region of the visible spectrum without any synthetic modifications of the chromophore structure. This finding may build the foundation for a new paradigm for inducing ISC-type transitions within other centrosymmetric and planar cross-conjugated chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Dominik Mierzwa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | | | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
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Wang L, Cai W, Sun J, Wu Y, Zhang B, Tian X, Guo S, Liang W, Fu H, Yao J. H-Type-like Aggregation-Accelerated Singlet Fission Process in Dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione Thin Film: The Role of Charge Transfer/Excimer Mixed Intermediate State. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12276-12282. [PMID: 34931841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Through the combination of transient spectroscopy and theoretical simulations, an accelerated singlet fission (SF) process was evidently observed in the strongly coupled H-type-like aggregation thin films of a dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione skeleton. Results elucidate that in this H-type-like aggregation, the substantially stabilized charge transfer (CT) state is close in energy with singlet and excimer states, resulting in a CT/excimer mixed state, which could drive excited-state population escaping from excimer trap and promote an ultrafast and highly efficient SF process. Our results not only enrich the limited capacity of SF materials but also contribute to an in-depth understanding of SF dynamics in H-type aggregation, which is of fundamental importance for designing new SF sensitizers and implementing practical SF applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Wanlin Cai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yuling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiangbin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Shaoting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - WanZhen Liang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Sadowski B, Kaliszewska M, Poronik YM, Czichy M, Janasik P, Banasiewicz M, Mierzwa D, Gadomski W, Lohrey TD, Clark JA, Łapkowski M, Kozankiewicz B, Vullev VI, Sobolewski AL, Piatkowski P, Gryko DT. Potent strategy towards strongly emissive nitroaromatics through a weakly electron-deficient core. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14039-14049. [PMID: 34760187 PMCID: PMC8565362 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroaromatics seldom fluoresce. The importance of electron-deficient (n-type) conjugates, however, has inspired a number of strategies for suppressing the emission-quenching effects of the strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group. Here, we demonstrate how such strategies yield fluorescent nitroaryl derivatives of dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione (DPND). Nitro groups near the DPND core quench its fluorescence. Conversely, nitro groups placed farther from the core allow some of the highest fluorescence quantum yields ever recorded for nitroaromatics. This strategy of preventing the known processes that compete with photoemission, however, leads to the emergence of unprecedented alternative mechanisms for fluorescence quenching, involving transitions to dark nπ* singlet states and aborted photochemistry. Forming nπ* triplet states from ππ* singlets is a classical pathway for fluorescence quenching. In nitro-DPNDs, however, these ππ* and nπ* excited states are both singlets, and they are common for nitroaryl conjugates. Understanding the excited-state dynamics of such nitroaromatics is crucial for designing strongly fluorescent electron-deficient conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marzena Kaliszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czichy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Patryk Janasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Dominik Mierzwa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wojciech Gadomski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA USA
| | - John A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Bolesław Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Piatkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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Wang L, Lin L, Yang J, Wu Y, Wang H, Zhu J, Yao J, Fu H. Singlet Fission in a Pyrrole-Fused Cross-Conjugated Skeleton with Adaptive Aromaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10235-10239. [PMID: 32437140 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) materials hold the potential to increase the power conversion efficiency of solar cells by reducing the thermalization of high-energy excited states. The major hurdle in realizing this potential is the limited scope of SF-active materials with high fission efficiency, suitable energy levels, and sufficient chemical stability. Herein, using theoretical calculation and time-resolved spectroscopy, we developed a highly stable SF material based on dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione (DPND), a pyrrole-fused cross-conjugated skeleton with a distinctive adaptive aromaticity (dual aromaticity) character. The embedded pyrrole ring with 4n+2 π-electron features aromaticity in the ground state, while the dipole resonance of the amide bonds promotes a 4n π-electron Baird's aromaticity in the triplet state. Such an adaptive aromaticity renders the molecule efficient for the SF process [E(S1) ≥ 2E(T1)] without compromising its stability. Up to 173% triplet yield, strong blue-green light absorption, and suitable triplet energy of 1.2 eV, as well as excellent stability, make DPND a promising SF sensitizer toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.,Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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Sadowski B, Stewart DJ, Phillips AT, Grusenmeyer TA, Haley JE, Cooper TM, Gryko DT. From Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones to Quinazolinoindolizinoindolizinoquinazolines. J Org Chem 2019; 85:284-290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - David J. Stewart
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 5100 Springfield Pike, Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Alexis T. Phillips
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
- Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, Ohio 45420, United States
| | - Tod A. Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Joy E. Haley
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Thomas M. Cooper
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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