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Han X, Zhang N, Li Q, Zhang Y, Das S. The efficient synthesis of three-membered rings via photo- and electrochemical strategies. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc02512a. [PMID: 39156935 PMCID: PMC11325197 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-membered rings, such as epoxides, aziridines, oxaziridines, cyclopropenes, vinyloxaziridines, and azirines, are recognized as crucial pharmacophores and building blocks in organic chemistry and drug discovery. Despite the significant advances in the synthesis of these rings through photo/electrochemical methods over the past decade, there has currently been no focused discussion and updated overviews on this topic. Therefore, we presented this review article on the efficient synthesis of three-membered rings using photo- and electrochemical strategies, covering the literature since 2015. In this study, a conceptual overview and detailed discussions were provided to illustrate the advancement of this field. Moreover, a brief discussion outlines the current challenges and opportunities in synthesizing the three-membered rings using these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Han
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qiannan Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth Bayreuth 95447 Germany
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2
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Mohammed MS, Targhan H, Bahrami K. Design and introduction of quaternary ammonium hydroxide-functionalized graphene oxide quantum dots as a pseudo-homogeneous catalyst for epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8140. [PMID: 37208347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In present work, design and synthesis of a novel pseudo-homogeneous catalyst is described. For this purpose, amine-functionalized graphene oxide quantum dots (N-GOQDs) were prepared from graphene oxide (GO) by a facile one-step oxidative fragmentation approach. The prepared N-GOQDs were then modified with quaternary ammonium hydroxide groups. Various characterization techniques clearly revealed that the quaternary ammonium hydroxide-functionalized GOQDs (N-GOQDs/OH-) have been successfully synthesized. TEM image revealed that the GOQDs particles are almost regularly spherical in shape and mono-dispersed with particle sizes < 10 nm. The efficiency of the synthesized N-GOQDs/OH- as a pseudo-homogeneous catalyst in epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of aqueous H2O2 as an oxidant at room temperature was investigated. The corresponding epoxide products were obtained in good to high yields. This procedure has the advantages of a green oxidant, high yields, involvement of non-toxic reagents and reusability of the catalyst without discernible loss in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salim Mohammed
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center (NNRC), Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971, Iran
| | - Homa Targhan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971, Iran
| | - Kiumars Bahrami
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center (NNRC), Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971, Iran.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971, Iran.
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3
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Lin Y, Wu H, Liu Z, Li J, Cai R, Hashimoto M, Wang L. Additive-free aerobic oxidation of hydroazobenzenes: Access to azobenzenes and epoxidation of enones. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Long L, Jieyan W, Li X, Peng S, Qiao L, Luo G, Chen Z. Hypervalent Iodine(III) Promoted Tandem Reaction of o-Fluoroanilines with Formamides to Construct 2-Aminobenzoxazoles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00049k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and practical synthesis of 2-aminobenzoxaoles has been developed from commercially available o-fluoroanilines, and formamides. The process can be performed in the absence of metal catalyst with high levels...
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5
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Li J, Zhao J, Ma C, Yu Z, Zhu H, Yun L, Meng Q. Visible-Light-Driven Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes Using Water-Soluble CdSe Quantum Dots. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4985-4992. [PMID: 34494393 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative cleavage of C=C bonds is an important chemical reaction, which is a popular reaction in the photocatalytic field. However, high catalyst-loading and low turnover number (TON) are general shortcomings in reported visible-light-driven reactions. Herein, the direct oxidative cleavage of C=C bonds through water-soluble CdSe quantum dots (QDs) is described under visible-light irradiation at room temperature with high TON (up to 3.7×104 ). Under the same conditions, water-soluble CdSe QDs could also oxidize sulfides to sulfoxides with 51-84 % yields and TONs up to 3.4×104 . The key features of this photocatalytic protocol include high TONs, wide substrates scope, low catalyst loadings, simple and mild reaction conditions, and molecular O2 as the oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jingnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Cunfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zongyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315016, P. R. China
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6
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7
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Jaszczewska‐Adamczak JA, Mlynarski J. Asymmetric Epoxidation of Enones Promoted by Dinuclear Magnesium Catalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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8
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Gordon JB, McGale JP, Siegler MA, Goldberg DP. Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer Reactivity Controls Iron versus Sulfur Oxidation in Nonheme Iron-Thiolate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6255-6265. [PMID: 33872005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the five-coordinate FeII(N4S) complexes, [FeII(iPr3TACN)(abtX)](OTf) (abt = aminobenzenethiolate, X = H, CF3), with a one-electron oxidant and an appropriate base leads to net H atom loss, generating new FeIII(iminobenzenethiolate) complexes that were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as UV-vis, EPR, and Mössbauer spectroscopies. The spectroscopic data indicate that the iminobenzenethiolate complexes have S = 3/2 ground states. In the absence of a base, oxidation of the FeII(abt) complexes leads to disulfide formation instead of oxidation at the metal center. Bracketing studies with separated proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) reagents show that the FeII(aminobenzenethiolate) and FeIII(iminobenzenethiolate) forms are readily interconvertible by H+/e- transfer and provide a measure of the bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) for the coordinated N-H bond between 64 and 69 kcal mol-1. This work shows that coordination to the iron center causes a dramatic weakening of the N-H bond and that Fe- versus S-oxidation in a nonheme iron complex can be controlled by the protonation state of an ancillary amino donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse B Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jeremy P McGale
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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9
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Zhang M, Chen T, Fang S, Wu W, Wang X, Wu H, Xiong Y, Song J, Li C, He Z, Lee CS. Peroxide- and transition metal-free electrochemical synthesis of α,β-epoxy ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2481-2486. [PMID: 33656035 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02444a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical method for the synthesis of α,β-epoxy ketones is reported. With KI as the redox mediator, methyl ketones reacted with aldehydes under peroxide- and transition metal-free electrolytic conditions and afforded α,β-epoxy ketones in one pot (36 examples, 52-90% yield). This safe and environmental-friendly method has a broad substrate scope and can readily provide a variety of α,β-epoxy ketones in gram-scales for evaluation of their anti-cancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and College of physics and optoelectronic engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shisong Fang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yongai Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jun Song
- College of physics and optoelectronic engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhendan He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Chi-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10
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Aman H, Chiu WH, Liu PH, Chuang GJ. Radical-mediated aerobic oxidation of substituted styrenes and stilbenes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04755h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 2,2-azobis(isobutyronitrile)-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of alkenes with molecular oxygen as the oxidant was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasil Aman
- Department of Chemistry Chung Yuan Christian University Chungli 32023, Taoyuan city, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Chiu
- Department of Chemistry Chung Yuan Christian University Chungli 32023, Taoyuan city, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Heng Liu
- Department of Chemistry Chung Yuan Christian University Chungli 32023, Taoyuan city, Taiwan
| | - Gary Jing Chuang
- Department of Chemistry Chung Yuan Christian University Chungli 32023, Taoyuan city, Taiwan
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11
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Bokhtia RM, Panda SS, Girgis AS, Pillai GG, Ibrahim TS, Shalaby EM, Gigli L, Abdel‐Aal EH, Al‐Mahmoudy AMM. Efficient Synthesis and Computational Studies of Useful Guanylating Agents: 1
H
‐Benzotriazole‐1‐carboximidamides. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Riham M. Bokhtia
- Department of Chemistry & Physics Augusta University 1120 15th Street Augusta GA 30912 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Zagazig University Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry & Physics Augusta University 1120 15th Street Augusta GA 30912 USA
| | - Adel S. Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | | | - Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Zagazig University Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - ElSayed M. Shalaby
- X-Ray Crystallography Lab. Physics Division National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste s.s. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza Trieste 34149 Italy
| | - Eatedal H. Abdel‐Aal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Zagazig University Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Amany M. M. Al‐Mahmoudy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Zagazig University Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
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12
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Hosseini‐Sarvari M, Bazyar Z. Selective Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Alkenes to Epoxides with Pd/ZnO Nanoparticles. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Bazyar
- Department of ChemistryShiraz University Shiraz 7194684795 I.R. Iran
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13
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Farooq S, Ngaini Z. One Pot and Two Pot Synthetic Strategies and Biological Applications of Epoxy-Chalcones. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Visible-light-induced aerobic epoxidation in cyclic ether: Synthesis of spiroepoxyoxindole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Yan G, Zekarias BL, Li X, Jaffett VA, Guzei IA, Golden JE. Divergent 2-Chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one Rearrangement: Twisted-Cyclic Guanidine Formation or Ring-Fused N-Acylguanidines via a Domino Process. Chemistry 2020; 26:2486-2492. [PMID: 31912567 PMCID: PMC7071832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient 2-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one rearrangement was developed that predictably generates either twisted-cyclic or ring-fused guanidines in a single operation, depending on the presence of a primary versus secondary amine in the accompanying diamine reagent. Exclusive formation of twisted-cyclic guanidines results from pairing 2-chloroquinazolinones with secondary diamines. Use of primary amine-containing diamines permits a domino quinazolinone rearrangement/intramolecular cyclization, gated through (E)-twisted-cyclic guanidines, to afford ring-fused N-acylguanidines. This scalable, structurally tolerant transformation generated 55 guanidines and delivered twisted-cyclic guanidines with robust plasma stability and an abbreviated total synthesis of an antitumor ring-fused guanidine (4 steps, 55 % yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Bereket L Zekarias
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Victor A Jaffett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Molecular Structure Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer E Golden
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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16
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Sahoo SR, Das B, Sarkar D, Henkel F, Reuter H. Visible Light Assisted Selenylative Intramolecular Dearomative Carbo-Spirocyclisation (IDCS) of Homologated-Ynones. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Biswajit Das
- Department of Chemistry; NIT Rourkela; Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Debayan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry; NIT Rourkela; Rourkela Odisha India
| | - F. Henkel
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials; University of Osnabrück; Barbarastraße 6 49076 Osnabrück Germany
| | - H. Reuter
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials; University of Osnabrück; Barbarastraße 6 49076 Osnabrück Germany
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17
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Tang X, Zhao J, Wu Y, Feng S, Yang F, Yu Z, Meng Q. Visible‐Light‐Driven Enantioselective Aerobic Oxidation of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Cinchona‐Derived Phase Transfer Catalysts in Batch and Semi‐Flow. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing‐Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
| | - Shi‐Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
| | - Zong‐Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐Wei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 People's Republic of China
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Tang XF, Zhao JN, Wu YF, Zheng ZH, Feng SH, Yu ZY, Liu GZ, Meng QW. Enantioselective photooxygenation of β-dicarbonyl compounds in batch and flow photomicroreactors. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7938-7942. [PMID: 31417995 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01379b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of C-2' modified cinchonine-derived phase-transfer catalysts were synthesized and used in the enantioselective photo-organocatalytic aerobic oxidation of β-dicarbonyl compounds with excellent yields (up to 97%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 90% ee). Furthermore, the reaction was carried out in a flow photomicroreactor, in which the heterogeneous gas-liquid-liquid asymmetric photocatalytic oxidation reaction was performed affording good yields (up to 97%) and enantioselectivities (up to 86% ee) within 0.89 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China.
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