1
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Nishikawa-Shimono R, Kuwabara M, Fujisaki S, Matsuda D, Endo M, Kamitani M, Futamura A, Nomura Y, Yamaguchi-Sasaki T, Yabuuchi T, Yamaguchi C, Tanaka-Yamamoto N, Satake S, Abe-Sato K, Funayama K, Sakata M, Takahashi S, Hirano K, Fukunaga T, Uozumi Y, Kato S, Tamura Y, Nakamori T, Mima M, Mishima-Tsumagari C, Nozawa D, Imai Y, Asami T. Discovery of novel indole derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of proMMP-9 activation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 97:129541. [PMID: 37952596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a secreted zinc-dependent endopeptidase that degrades the extracellular matrix and basement membrane of neurons, and then contributes to synaptic plasticity by remodeling the extracellular matrix. Inhibition of MMP-9 activity has therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases such as fragile X syndrome. This paper reports the molecular design, synthesis, and in vitro studies of novel indole derivatives as inhibitors of proMMP-9 activation. High-throughput screening (HTS) of our internal compound library and subsequent merging of hit compounds 1 and 2 provided compound 4 as a bona-fide lead. X-ray structure-based design and subsequent lead optimization led to the discovery of compound 33, a highly potent and selective inhibitor of proMMP-9 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Nishikawa-Shimono
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Motoi Kuwabara
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Sho Fujisaki
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuda
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Endo
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kamitani
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Aya Futamura
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nomura
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Toru Yamaguchi-Sasaki
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yabuuchi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Chitose Yamaguchi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tanaka-Yamamoto
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Shunya Satake
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Kumi Abe-Sato
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Kosuke Funayama
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sakata
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Shinji Takahashi
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Koga Hirano
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukunaga
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yoriko Uozumi
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yunoshin Tamura
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nakamori
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Masashi Mima
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Chiemi Mishima-Tsumagari
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Dai Nozawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yudai Imai
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Taiji Asami
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan.
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2
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Yescas-Galicia D, Restrepo-Osorio RA, García-González AN, Hernández-Benítez RI, Espinoza-Hicks JC, Escalante CH, Barrera E, Santoyo BM, Delgado F, Tamariz J. Divergent Pd-catalyzed Functionalization of 4-Oxazolin-2-ones and 4-Methylene-2-oxazolidinones and Synthesis of Heterocyclic-Fused Indoles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13034-13052. [PMID: 36153994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed functionalization was presently performed on two building blocks: 4-oxazolin-2-ones and 4-methylene-2-oxazolidinones. Direct Heck arylation of 4-oxazolin-2-ones led to a series of 5-aryl-4-oxazolin-2-ones, including analogues with N-chiral auxiliary, in an almost quantitative yield. The Pd(II)-catalyzed homocoupling reaction of 4-oxazolin-2-ones provided novel heterocyclic across-ring dienes. Meanwhile, the intramolecular cross-coupling of N-aryl-4-methylene-2-oxazolidinones furnished a series of oxazolo[3,4-a]indol-3-ones. Further functionalization of 4-methylene-2-oxazolidinones afforded substituted indoles and heterocyclic-fused indoles with aryl, bromo, carbinol, formyl, and vinyl groups. A computational study was carried out to account for the behavior of the formylated derivatives. The currently developed methodology was applied to a new formal total synthesis of ellipticine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Yescas-Galicia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo A Restrepo-Osorio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ailyn N García-González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto I Hernández-Benítez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José C Espinoza-Hicks
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, 31000 Chihuahua, Chih., Mexico
| | - Carlos H Escalante
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edson Barrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca M Santoyo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Delgado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Tamariz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Foley DJ, Waldmann H. Ketones as strategic building blocks for the synthesis of natural product-inspired compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4094-4120. [PMID: 35506561 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural product-inspired compound collections serve as excellent sources for the identification of new bioactive compounds to treat disease. However, such compounds must necessarily be more structurally-enriched than traditional screening compounds, therefore inventive synthetic strategies and reliable methods are needed to prepare them. Amongst the various possible starting materials that could be considered for the synthesis of natural product-inspired compounds, ketones can be especially valuable due to the vast variety of complexity-building synthetic transformations that they can take part in, their high prevalence as commercial building blocks, and relative ease of synthesis. With a view towards developing a unified synthetic strategy for the preparation of next generation bioactive compound collections, this review considers whether ketones could serve as general precursors in this regard, and summarises the opulence of synthetic transformations available for the annulation of natural product ring-systems to ketone starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Foley
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. .,Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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4
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Gao Z, Fan T, Chen L, Yang M, Wai Wong VK, Chen D, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Wu W, Qiu Z, Zhang C, Li Y, Jiang Y. Design, synthesis and antitumor evaluation of novel 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives targeting 14-3-3η protein. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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5
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Wang B, Silakov A, Booker SJ. Using peptide substrate analogs to characterize a radical intermediate in NosN catalysis. Methods Enzymol 2022; 666:469-487. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Regioselective Mercury(I)/Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Single-Step Approach for the Synthesis of Imines and 2-Substituted Indoles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134092. [PMID: 34279432 PMCID: PMC8271454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of ketimines was achieved through a regioselective Hg(I)-catalyzed hydroamination of terminal acetylenes in the presence of anilines. The Pd(II)-catalyzed cyclization of these imines into the 2-substituted indoles was satisfactorily carried out by a C-H activation. In a single-step approach, a variety of 2-substituted indoles were also generated via a Hg(I)/Pd(II)-catalyzed, one-pot, two-step process, starting from anilines and terminal acetylenes. The arylacetylenes proved to be more effective than the alkyl derivatives.
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7
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Synthesis of indoles, indolines, and carbazoles via palladium-catalyzed C–H activation. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021; 2:216-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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8
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Ibrahim HM, Behbehani H. Palladium-Catalyzed Q-Tube-Assisted Protocol for Synthesizing Diaza-dibenzo[ a, e]azulene and Diaza-benzo[ a]fluorene Derivatives via O 2 Acid-Promoted Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15368-15381. [PMID: 33147024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate and efficient Q-tube-assisted palladium-catalyzed strategy for the synthesis of novel, unparalleled diaza-dibenzo[a,e]azulene and diaza-benzo[a]fluorene derivatives has been sophisticated, which includes oxygen and AcOH-induced oxidative C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions of 1-amino-2-imino-4-arylpyridine-3-carbonitriles with benzocyclic ketones such as benzosuberone, tetralone, thiochromone, and chromone, respectively. This Q-tube gas purging kit assisted-protocol features safe due to easy pressing and sealing, a wide substrate scope, easy workup and purifying phases, and the use of O2 as a benign oxidant, in addition to being scalable and having a high atom economy. The suggested mechanistic pathway includes a formal dehydrative step followed by palladium AcOH-induced CH(sp3)-CH(sp2) oxidative cross-coupling. In this study, X-ray crystallographic analysis has been used to authenticate the targeted products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada Mohamed Ibrahim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, P.O. Box 63514, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Haider Behbehani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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9
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Jiang TS, Dai L, Zhou Y, Zhang X. Palladium-catalyzed tandem oxidative annulation of α-amino ketones leading to 2-aroylindoles. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Behbehani H, Ibrahim HM. Synthetic Strategy for Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyridine and Pyrido[1,2- b]indazole Derivatives through AcOH and O 2-Promoted Cross-dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions between 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds and N-Amino-2-iminopyridines. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15289-15303. [PMID: 31552376 PMCID: PMC6751734 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of uniquely substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine and pyrido[1,2-b]indazole derivatives, which involves acetic acid and molecular oxygen promoted cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions of respective β-ketoesters and β-diketones (like ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl benzoylacetate, methyl propionylacetate, acetylacetone, dimedone, 1,3-cyclohexanedione, and 1,3-cyclopentanedione) with N-amino-2-iminopyridines. The proposed tentative mechanism involves formal acetic acid-promoted oxidative C(sp3)-C(sp2) dehydrogenative coupling followed by dehydrative cyclization under a catalyst-free condition within high atom economy processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Behbehani
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Hamada Mohamed Ibrahim
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, P.O. Box 63514, Fayoum, Egypt
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11
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Ibrahim HM, Behbehani H. Sustainable Synthetic Approach for (Pyrazol-4-ylidene)pyridines By Metal Catalyst-Free Aerobic C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Coupling Reactions between 1-Amino-2-imino-pyridines and 1-Aryl-5-pyrazolones. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11701-11711. [PMID: 31460276 PMCID: PMC6682090 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel, metal catalyst-free, and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of (pyrazol-4-ylidene)pyridine derivatives. The process involves dehydrogenative coupling of 1-amino-2-imino-pyridines with 1-aryl-5-pyrazolone derivatives utilizing O2 as the sole oxidant. The new method benefits from a high atom economy, efficiency, and substrate scope, as well as the simplicity of reaction and product purification procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada Mohamed Ibrahim
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, P.O. Box 63514, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Haider Behbehani
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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12
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Yang P, Xu W, Wang R, Zhang M, Xie C, Zeng X, Wang M. Potassium tert-Butoxide-Mediated Condensation Cascade Reaction: Transition Metal-Free Synthesis of Multisubstituted Aryl Indoles and Benzofurans. Org Lett 2019; 21:3658-3662. [PMID: 31025566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and facile method to synthesize valuable disubstituted 2-aryl indoles and benzofurans in good yields has been demonstrated, based on a tert-butoxide-mediated condensation reaction involving a vinyl sulfoxide intermediate. Products are obtained from N- or O-benzyl benzaldehydes using dimethyl sulfoxide as a carbon source. The methodology features a wide functional group tolerance and transition metal-free environment. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction involves a tandem aldol reaction/Michael addition/dehydrosulfenylation/isomerization sequence through an ionic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
| | - Weiyan Xu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
| | - Rongchao Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
| | - Chunsong Xie
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311121 , P. R. China
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13
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Pan X, Liu Z. Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Griseofamine A and 16- epi-Griseofamine A. Org Lett 2019; 21:2393-2396. [PMID: 30888183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of griseofamine A and its diastereomer, 16- epi-griseofamine A, is described over seven steps with yields of 23% and 7%, respectively. Their antibacterial activities are also disclosed for the first time. Griseofamine A exhibited in vitro activities against a panel of drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8-16 μg/mL. Notably, 16- epi-griseofamine A was 2-3 times more potent than griseofamine A with MIC values of 2-8 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , P. R. China
| | - Zhanzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , P. R. China
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