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Strauss MJ, Liu KX, Greaves ME, Dahl JC, Kim ST, Wu YJ, Schmidt MA, Scola PM, Buchwald SL. Cu-Catalyzed Amination of Base-Sensitive Aryl Bromides and the Chemoselective N- and O-Arylation of Amino Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18616-18625. [PMID: 38924516 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
We report a general and functional-group-tolerant method for the Cu-catalyzed amination of base-sensitive aryl bromides including substrates possessing acidic functional groups and small five-membered heteroarenes. The results presented herein substantially expand the scope of Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions. The combination of L8, an anionic N1,N2-diarylbenzene-1,2-diamine ligand, along with the mild base NaOTMS leads to the formation of a stable yet reactive catalyst that resists deactivation from coordination to heterocycles or charged intermediates. This system enables the use of low catalyst and ligand loadings. Exploiting the differences in nucleophile deprotonation in C-O and C-N coupling reactions catalyzed by Cu·L8 we developed a method to chemoselectively N- and O-arylate a variety of amino alcohol substrates. Employing NaOt-Bu as the base resulted exclusively in C-O coupling when the amino alcohols featured primary alcohols and more hindered amines or aniline groups. Utilizing NaOTMS enabled the ability to override the steric-based selectivity of these reactions completely and exclusively promoted C-N coupling regardless of the structure of the amino alcohol. The ability to invert the observed chemoselectivity is distinct from previously described methods that require protecting group manipulations or rely entirely on steric effects to control reactivity. These results substantially improve the scope of Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions using N1,N2-diarylbenzene-1,2-diamine ligands and introduce a new chemoselective method to arylate amino alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kaylee X Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central St., Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Megan E Greaves
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jakob C Dahl
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yong-Jin Wu
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 250 Water St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Dr. New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Paul M Scola
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, 250 Water St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Allen LAT, Natho P. Trends in carbazole synthesis - an update (2013-2023). Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8956-8974. [PMID: 37906471 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01605f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The interest of scientists in the carbazole core has risen steadily over the last 30 years, particularly over the last decade given its presence in several active pharmaceutical ingredients, functional materials and a wide range of biologically active natural products. The continuous development of more efficient, more (regio-)selective and "greener" methodologies to access the carbazole core is thus imperative. This review compares and evaluates synthetic strategies towards the carbazole core that have been reported since 2013, with a focus on their applicability towards the total synthesis of carbazole-containing natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A T Allen
- CheMastery, Paper Yard, 11a Quebec Way, London, SE16 7LG, UK
| | - Philipp Natho
- FLAME-Lab, Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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3
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Yin H, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Wang M, Wang S. Synthesis of Cyclohepta[ b]indoles and Furo[3,4- b]carbazoles from Indoles, Tertiary Propargylic Alcohols, and Activated Alkynes. Org Lett 2023; 25:3078-3082. [PMID: 37083483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A robust metal-free and environmentally friendly approach to cyclohepta[b]indole and furo[3,4-b]carbazole frameworks via a three-component reaction from indoles, tertiary propargylic alcohols, and activated alkynes is described. A probable mechanism was proposed on the basis of the isolation and characterization of a key intermediate of the reaction. A gram-scale reaction and product derivatizations were also performed to demonstrate the practicality of the developed methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Synthesis and Application of Medical Materials, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Synthesis and Application of Medical Materials, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Synthesis and Application of Medical Materials, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Synthesis and Application of Medical Materials, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Synthesis and Application of Medical Materials, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
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Tian T, Li M, Feng W, Ding Y, Li Z, Shi Z, Shen T. Total Syntheses and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Coryaurone A and Representative Analogues. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1634-1640. [PMID: 35671109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of coryaurone A, which was originally obtained from Psoralea corylifolia L., was achieved via an efficient route with the longest linear sequence of six steps from the commercially available 6-hydroxy-2H-benzofuran-3-one in 37% overall yield. A series of representative analogues were synthesized from the same starting material in 4-7 steps with overall yields of 27-56%. The cytotoxicities of these compounds against the leukemia cell line HL-60 and the colon cancer cell line SW480 were determined. Among them, compounds 12, 14, 21, and 27 exhibited different levels of cytotoxic activity, which were greater than the positive control cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalong Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
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Construction of Benzo‐Fused Heterocycles by Epoxide–Heteronucleophile Cyclization: Applications in the Synthesis of Natural Products and Designed Molecules. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Muthusamy S, Kumarswamyreddy N, Kesavan V. Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐3’‐carbazole Oxindole Derivatives via Friedel‐Crafts Aminoalkylation Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Muthusamy
- Chemical Biology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology Bhupat and Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences Building Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Nandarapu Kumarswamyreddy
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati Tirupati 517506 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Venkitasamy Kesavan
- Chemical Biology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology Bhupat and Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences Building Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
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Beletskaya IP, Averin AD. Metal-catalyzed reactions for the C(sp2)–N bond formation: achievements of recent years. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The review deals with the main catalytic methods for the C(sp2)–N bond formation, including Buchwald–Hartwig palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl and heteroaryl halides, renaissance of the Ullmann chemistry, i.e., the application of catalysis by copper complexes to form the carbon–nitrogen bond, and Chan–Lam reactions of (hetero)arylboronic acids with amines. Also, oxidative amination with C–H activation, which has been booming during the last decade, is addressed. Particular attention is paid to achievements in the application of heterogenized catalysts.
The bibliography includes 350 references.
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Ma XL, Zhu SS, Liu Y, Chen HW, Shi YT, Zeng KW, Tu PF, Jiang Y. Carbazole alkaloids with potential cytotoxic activities targeted on PCK2 protein from Murraya microphylla. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105113. [PMID: 34175718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
From the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of Murraya microphylla, five pairs of new carbazole alkaloid enantiomers, (+/-)-microphylines N-R (1a/1b-5a/5b), were isolated, together with 20 known carbazole alkaloids. The structures of the new compounds were determined by the HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data, along with the calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and Mo2(AcO)4-induced CD data. The known compound (+)-mahanine (21) showed significant cytotoxicities against Du145, HepG2, HeLa, and HCT-116 cell lines, and its possible mechanism was deduced to target on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) protein via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Si Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Tao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Christian P. Grugel
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Alexander M. Haydl
- Department for Intermediates—Amine SynthesisBASF SE Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein Germany
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Suresh JR, Whitener G, Theumer G, Bröcher DJ, Bauer I, Massa W, Knölker H. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Dimorphic Dibenzo[cde,opq]rubicene. Chemistry 2019; 25:13759-13765. [PMID: 31339614 PMCID: PMC6899531 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzo[cde,opq]rubicene has been synthesized by an eight-step reaction sequence including an iron-mediated [2+2+1] cycloaddition and a flash vacuum pyrolysis as key steps. Two crystal modifications of the S-shaped, planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon have been obtained and characterized by X-ray diffractometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joghee R. Suresh
- Fakultät ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Glenn Whitener
- Fakultät ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Gabriele Theumer
- Fakultät ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Dirk J. Bröcher
- Fakultät ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Ingmar Bauer
- Fakultät ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435043MarburgGermany
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Dorel R, Grugel CP, Haydl AM. The Buchwald-Hartwig Amination After 25 Years. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17118-17129. [PMID: 31166642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed coupling of aryl (pseudo)halides and amines is one of the most powerful approaches for the formation of C(sp2 )-N bonds. The pioneering reports from Migita and subsequently Buchwald and Hartwig on the coupling of aminostannanes and aryl bromides rapidly evolved into general and practical tin-free protocols with broad substrate scope, which led to the establishment of what is now known as the Buchwald-Hartwig amination. This Minireview summarizes the evolution of this cross-coupling reaction over the course of the past 25 years and illustrates some of the most recent applications of this well-established methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian P Grugel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M Haydl
- Department for Intermediates-Amine Synthesis, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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