1
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Shiina I, Iizumi T, Taniguchi S, Sugimoto M, Shimazaki T, Yamai YS, Ogawa G, Yamada T, Shinohara S, Kageyama Y, Kuboki T, Suwa Y, Yonekura K, Ito K, Toyoyama K, Tateyama S, Mori T, Murata T. Total Synthesis of the Sesquiterpene (-)-Merrillianin. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38160411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of (-)-merrillianin (1), which is a natural sesquiterpene with a tricyclic structure having a cyclopentane ring and five- and seven-membered lactone parts, is demonstrated. This asymmetric total synthesis enabled the absolute stereostructure determination of naturally occurring (-)-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Shiina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Iizumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Saori Taniguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masuhiro Sugimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yu-Suke Yamai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Go Ogawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shojiro Shinohara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kageyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Teppei Kuboki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Suwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Keita Yonekura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Toyoyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Satoru Tateyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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2
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Bakanas I, Lusi RF, Wiesler S, Hayward Cooke J, Sarpong R. Strategic application of C-H oxidation in natural product total synthesis. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:783-799. [PMID: 37730908 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of unactivated C-H bonds has emerged as an effective tactic in natural product synthesis and has altered how chemists approach the synthesis of complex molecules. The use of C-H oxidation methods has simplified the process of synthesis planning by expanding the choice of starting materials, limiting functional group interconversion and protecting group manipulations, and enabling late-stage diversification. In this Review, we propose classifications for C-H oxidations on the basis of their strategic purpose: type 1, which installs functionality that is used to establish the carbon skeleton of the target; type 2, which is used to construct a heterocyclic ring; and type 3, which installs peripheral functional groups. The reactions are further divided based on whether they are directed or undirected. For each classification, examples from recent literature are analysed. Finally, we provide two case studies of syntheses from our laboratory that were streamlined by the judicious use of C-H oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Bakanas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert F Lusi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Wiesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jack Hayward Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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3
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Fu P, Liu T, Shen Y, Lei X, Xiao T, Chen P, Qiu D, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Divergent Total Syntheses of Illicium Sesquiterpenes through Late-Stage Skeletal Reorganization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18642-18648. [PMID: 37562030 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
We disclose unified, protecting-group-free, bioinspired divergent total syntheses of eight allo-cedrane and seco-prezizaane Illicium sesquiterpenes and formal syntheses of five anislactone sesquiterpenes. The efficiency of our approach derives from rapid access to the 15-carbon tricyclic carboxylic acid through cationic epoxide-ene cyclization and HAT oxygenation, transformation of this intermediate into three distinct tricyclic precursors via Lewis acid-mediated skeletal reorganizations, subsequent programmed oxidation level enhancement, and a biomimetic oxidation-initiated skeletal rearrangement cascade. Consequently, we created a synthetic correlation map of the three most prevalent Illicium sesquiterpene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iCHEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iCHEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iCHEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iCHEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Tianjie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iCHEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iCHEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Dongsheng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iCHEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iCHEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iCHEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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4
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Etling C, Tedesco G, Di Marco A, Kalesse M. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Illisimonin A. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7021-7029. [PMID: 36926847 PMCID: PMC10064331 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of illisimonin A in 2017 extended the structural repertoire of the Illicium sesquiterpenoids─a class of natural products known for their high oxidation levels and neurotrophic properties─with a new carbon backbone combining the strained trans-pentalene and norbornane substructures. We report an asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-illisimonin A that traces its tricyclic carbon framework back to a spirocyclic precursor, generated by a tandem-Nazarov/ene cyclization. As crucial link between the spirocyclic key intermediate and illisimonin A, a novel approach for the synthesis of tricyclo[5.2.1.01,5]decanes via radical cyclization was explored. This approach was applied in a two-stage strategy consisting of Ti(III)-mediated cyclization and semipinacol rearrangement to access the natural product's carbon backbone. These key steps were combined with carefully orchestrated C-H oxidations to establish the dense oxidation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Etling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Giada Tedesco
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Di Marco
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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5
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Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Constituents of the Stems of Illicium cambodianum. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Dooley CJ, Rychnovsky SD. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (2 R)-Hydroxynorneomajucin, a Norsesquiterpene from Illicium jiadifengpi. Org Lett 2022; 24:3411-3415. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Dooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Scott D. Rychnovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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7
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Huffman BJ, Chu T, Hanaki Y, Wong JJ, Chen S, Houk KN, Shenvi RA. Stereodivergent Attached‐Ring Synthesis via Non‐Covalent Interactions: A Short Formal Synthesis of Merrilactone A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Huffman
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Tiffany Chu
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Yusuke Hanaki
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Jonathan J. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCLA: University of California Los Angeles 619 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Oberlin College 119 Woodland Street Oberlin OH 44074 USA
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCLA: University of California Los Angeles 619 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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8
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Huffman BJ, Chu T, Hanaki Y, Wong JJ, Chen S, Houk KN, Shenvi RA. Stereodivergent Attached-Ring Synthesis via Non-Covalent Interactions: A Short Formal Synthesis of Merrilactone A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114514. [PMID: 34820990 PMCID: PMC8748398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A strategy to control the diastereoselectivity of bond formation at a prochiral attached-ring bridgehead is reported. An unusual stereodivergent Michael reaction relies on basic vs. Lewis acidic conditions and non-covalent interactions to control re- vs. si- facial selectivity en route to fully substituted attached-rings. This divergency reflects differential engagement of one rotational isomer of the attached-ring system. The successful synthesis of an erythro subtarget diastereomer ultimately leads to a short formal synthesis of merrilactone A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Huffman
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tiffany Chu
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yusuke Hanaki
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 619 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 619 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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9
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Synthesis of Illisimonin a Skeleton by Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reaction of Ortho-Benzoquinones and Biomimetic Skeletal Rearrangement of Allo-Cedranes. ORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/org2030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Illisimonin A is a new sesquiterpene isolated from Illicium simonsii, and it possesses a novel 5/5/5/5/5 pentacyclic skeleton. The tricyclic skeleton of illisimonin A, tricyclo[5.2.1.01,5]decane, is presumed to be biosynthesized from allo-cedranes via a skeletal rearrangement. Herein, we report the concise synthesis of highly oxidized allo-cedranes by an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction using ortho-benzoquinones and demonstrate the biomimetic transformation of allo-cedranes by a retro-Claisen/aldol pathway.
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10
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Nie W, Ding LF, Lei T, Pan ZH, Song LD, Wu XD, Zhao QS. Illilanceolide A, a unique seco-prezizaane sesquiterpenoid with 5/5/6 tricyclic scaffold from the fruits of Illicium lanceolatum A. C. Smith. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Li H, Zhang J, She X. The Total Synthesis of Diquinane-Containing Natural Products. Chemistry 2021; 27:4839-4858. [PMID: 32955141 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diquinane or bicyclo[3.3.0]octane is a conspicuous structural unit existing in the carbo-frameworks of a wide range of natural products such as alkaloids and terpenoids. These diquinane-containing molecules not merely exhibit intriguing architectures, but also showcase a broad spectrum of significant bioactivities, which draw widespread attention from the global synthetic community. During the past decade, with an aim to accomplish the total syntheses of such specified cornucopias of natural products, a variety of elegant strategies for construction of the diquinane ring system have been disclosed. In this Minireview, the achievements on this subject in the timeline from 2010 to June 2020 are demonstrated and it is discussed how the diquinane unit is strategically forged in the context of the specific target structure. In addition, impacts of the selected works to the field of natural product total synthesis is highlighted and the particular outlook of diquinane-containing natural product synthesis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
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12
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Abstract
Retrosynthetic analysis emerged in the 1960s as a teaching tool with profound implications. Its educational value can be appreciated by a glance at total synthesis manuscripts over 50 years later, most of which contain a retrosynthesis on page one. Its vision extended to computer language-a pioneering idea in the 20th century that continues to expand the frontiers today. The same principles that guide a student to evaluate, expand, and refine a series of bond dissections can be programmed, so that computer assistance can perform the same tasks but at faster speeds.The slow step in the synthesis of complex structures, however, is seldom route design. Compression of molecular information into close proximity (Cm/Å3) requires exploration and empiricism, a close connection between theory and experiment. Here, retrosynthetic analysis guides the choice of experiment, so that the most simplifying-but often least assured-disconnection is prioritized: a high-risk, high reward strategy. The reimagining of total synthesis in a future era of retrosynthetic software may involve, counterintuitively, target design, as discussed here.Compared to the 1960s, retrosynthetic analysis in the 21st century finds itself among computers of unimaginable power and a biology that is increasingly molecular. Put together, the logic of retrosynthesis, the insight of structural biology, and the predictions of computation have inspired us to imagine an integration of the three. The synthetic target is treated as dynamic-a constellation of related structures-in order to find the nearest congener with the closest affinity but the shortest synthetic route. Such an approach merges synthetic design with structural design toward the goal of improved access for improved function.In this Account, we detail the evolution of our program from its inception in traditional natural product (NP) total synthesis to its current expression through the lens of chemical informatics: a view of NPs as aggregates of molecular parameters that define single points in a chemical space. Early work on synthesis and biological annotation of apparent metal pool binders and nonselective covalent electrophiles (asmarine alkaloids, isocyanoterpenes, Nuphar dimers) gave way to NPs with well-defined protein targets. The plant metabolite salvinorin A (SalA) potently and selectively agonizes the κ-opioid receptor (KOR), rapidly penetrates the brain, and represents an important lead for next-generation analgesics and antipruritics. To synthesize and diversify this lead, we adopted what we now call a dynamic approach. Deletion of a central methyl group stabilized the SalA scaffold, opened quick synthetic access, and retained high potency and selectivity. The generality of this idea was then tested against another neuroactive class. As an alternative hypothesis to TrkB channels, we proposed that the so-called "neurotrophic" Illicium terpenes may bind to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated ion channels to cause weak, chronic excitation. Syntheses of (-)-jiadifenolide, 3,6-dideoxy-10-hydroxypseudoanisatin, (-)-11-O-debenzoyltashironin, (-)-bilobalide, and (-)-picrotoxinin (PXN) allowed this hypothesis to be probed more broadly. Feedback from protein structure and synthetic reconnaissance led to a dynamic retrosynthesis of PXN and the identification of 5MePXN, a moderate GABAAR antagonist with greater aqueous stability available in eight steps from dimethylcarvone. We expect this dynamic approach to synthetic target analysis to become more feasible in the coming years and hope the next generation of scientists finds this approach helpful to address problems at the frontier of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stone Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Lines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Lines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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13
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Schuppe AW, Liu Y, Newhouse TR. An invocation for computational evaluation of isomerization transforms: cationic skeletal reorganizations as a case study. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:510-527. [PMID: 32931541 PMCID: PMC7956923 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00005a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2020This review article describes how cationic rearrangement reactions have been used in natural product total synthesis over the last decade as a case study for the many productive ways by which isomerization reactions are enabling for synthesis. This review argues that isomerization reactions in particular are well suited for computational evaluation, as relatively simple calculations can provide significant insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Schuppe
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8107, USA.
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14
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Shen Y, Li L, Xiao X, Yang S, Hua Y, Wang Y, Zhang YW, Zhang Y. Site-Specific Photochemical Desaturation Enables Divergent Syntheses of Illicium Sesquiterpenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3256-3263. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Linbin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Sihan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yinglu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yun-wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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15
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Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Anisatin in Mouse Blood by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:8835447. [PMID: 33426076 PMCID: PMC7775138 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8835447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Anisatin is a neurotoxic sesquiterpene dilactone wildly found in plants of the family Illiciaceae. Due to morphological similarities among Illiciaceae fruits, fatal poisonings are frequent. Objective This study is aimed at developing a rapid, simple ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to determine anisatin's bioavailability in mouse blood and the method's application to pharmacokinetics. Methods Blood samples were preprocessed by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. Salicin (internal standard, IS) and anisatin were gradient-eluted by a mobile phase of methanol and water (0.1% formic acid) in a UPLC BEH C18 column. This step involved using an electrospray ionization source of anisatin at a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 327.1 → 127.0 and IS at m/z 285.1 → 122.9 in the negative ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring. Results The calibration curve ranged from 1 to 2000 ng/ml (r > 0.995), with the method's accuracy ranging from 86.3% to 106.9%. Intraday and interday precision were lower than 14%, and the matrix effect was between 93.9% and 103.3%. The recovery rate was higher than 67.2%. Conclusions The developed UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully used for a pharmacokinetic study of oral (1 mg/kg) and intravenous (0.5 mg/kg) administration of anisatin to mice—the absolute bioavailability of anisatin in the mouse blood was 22.6%.
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16
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Yong JY, Li WR, Wang XJ, Su GZ, Li M, Zhang JP, Jia HL, Li YH, Wang RB, Gan M, Ma SG. Illihenin A: An Antiviral Sesquiterpenoid with a Cage-like Tricyclo[6.2.2.01,5]dodecane Skeleton from Illicium henryi. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2017-2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yao Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Zhu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Li Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Huan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maoluo Gan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Gang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Harmange Magnani CS, Thach DQ, Haelsig KT, Maimone TJ. Syntheses of Complex Terpenes from Simple Polyprenyl Precursors. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:949-961. [PMID: 32202757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From structure elucidation and biogenesis to synthetic methodology and total synthesis, terpene natural products have profoundly influenced the development of organic chemistry. Moreover, their myriad functional attributes range from fragrance to pharmaceuticals and have had great societal impact. Ruzicka's formulation of the "biogenetic isoprene rule," a Nobel Prize winning discovery now over 80 years old, allowed for identification of higher order terpene (aka "isoprenoid") structures from simple five-carbon isoprene fragments. Notably, the isoprene rule still holds pedagogical value to students of organic chemistry today. Our laboratory has completed syntheses of over two dozen terpene and meroterpene structures to date, and the isoprene rule has served as a key pattern recognition tool for our synthetic planning purposes. At the strategic level, great opportunity exists in finding unique and synthetically simplifying ways to connect the formal C5 isoprene fragments embedded in terpenes. Biomimetic cationic polyene cyclizations represent the earliest incarnation of this idea, which has facilitated expedient routes to certain terpene polycycle classes. Nonetheless, a large swath of terpene chemical space remains inaccessible using this approach.In this Account, we describe strategic insight into our endeavors in terpene synthesis published over the last five years. We show how biosynthetic understanding, combined with a desire to utilize abundant and inexpensive [C5]n building blocks, has led to efficient, abiotic syntheses of multiple complex terpenes with disparate ring systems. Informed by nature, but unconstrained by its processes, our synthetic assembly exploits chemical reactivity across diverse reaction types-including radical, anionic, pericyclic, and metal-mediated transformations.First, we detail an eight-step synthesis of the cembrane diterpene chatancin from dihydrofarnesal using a bioinspired-but not -mimetic-cycloaddition. Next, we describe the assembly of the antimalarial cardamom peroxide using a polyoxygenation cascade to fuse multiple units of molecular oxygen onto a dimeric skeleton. This three-to-four-step synthesis arises from (-)-myrtenal, an inexpensive pinene oxidation product. We then show how a radical cyclization cascade can forge the hallmark cyclooctane ring system of the complex sesterterpene 6-epi-ophiobolin N from two simple polyprenyl precursors, (-)-linalool and farnesol. To access the related, more complex metabolite 6-epi-ophiobolin A, we exploited the plasticity of our synthetic route and found that use of geraniol (C10) rather than farnesol (C15) gave us the flexibility needed to address the additional oxidation found in this congener. Following this work, we describe two strategies to access several guaianolide sesquiterpenes. Retrosynthetic disconnection to monoterpenes, carvone or (-)-linalool, coupled with a powerful allylation strategy allowed us to address guaianolides with disparate stereochemical motifs. Finally, we examine a semisynthetic approach to the illicium sesquiterpenes from the abundant 15-carbon feedstock terpene (+)-cedrol using an abiotic ring shift and multiple C-H oxidation reactions inspired by a postulated biosynthesis of this natural product class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny Q. Thach
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karl T. Haelsig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas J. Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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18
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Kawamura T, Moriya H, Shibuya M, Yamamoto Y. Diastereoselective Methylation at the Congested β-Position of a Butenolide Ring: Studies toward the Synthesis of seco-Prezizaane-Type Sesquiterpenes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12508-12519. [PMID: 31539248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We established a method for installing a methyl group at the β-position of a butenolide ring. The methylated position is located at the congested ring juncture of a 5,6,5-tricyclic lactone, which is common to neurotrophic seco-prezizaane-type sesquiterpenes. The samarium(II)-mediated conjugate addition of the halomethylsilyl ethers tethered to the proximal hydroxy groups efficiently formed the desired C-C bond. Subsequent fluoride-free Tamao oxidation and Barton-McCombie deoxygenation converted the resultant cyclic silyl ether into the corresponding methyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Moriya
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shibuya
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamamoto
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
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19
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Carrër A, Turban S, Provost N, Caliez A, Lamarche G, Zanirato G, Beucher M, Pean C, Mirguet O, Perron-Sierra F, Michelet V. Juniperanol: First total synthesis and evaluation in Type 2 Diabetes disease. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103243. [PMID: 31518756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of juniperanol, the tricyclic sesquiterpenoid enantiomer of α-cedrol is described. The synthesis relies on stereoselective gold-catalyzed Ohloff-type propargylic ester rearrangement performed on a 10 g scale, and a carbocationic cascade in the presence of acetyl methanesulfonate. The ability of juniperanol to interfere in glucose processes in different cell types is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrër
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Turban
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - N Provost
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - A Caliez
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - G Lamarche
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - G Zanirato
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - M Beucher
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - C Pean
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - O Mirguet
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - F Perron-Sierra
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-Seine, France
| | - V Michelet
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France; University Côte d'Azur, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Parc Valrose, Faculté des Sciences, 06100 Nice, France
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20
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Burns AS, Rychnovsky SD. Total Synthesis and Structure Revision of (-)-Illisimonin A, a Neuroprotective Sesquiterpenoid from the Fruits of Illicium simonsii. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13295-13300. [PMID: 31408328 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Illisimonin A was isolated from Illicium simonsii and has a previously unreported tricyclic carbon framework. It displayed neuroprotective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cell injury in SH-SY5Y cells. It incorporates a highly strained trans-pentalene ring system. We report the first synthesis of (±)-illisimonin A. Notable steps in the route include a 1,3-dioxa-2-silacyclohexene templated Diels-Alder cycloaddition and type-3 semipinacol rearrangement to generate the trans-pentalene. The final step is an iron-catalyzed C-H oxidation. The synthetic route is robust, with 94 mg of racemic material prepared in a single pass. Resolving an intermediate enabled the synthesis of natural (-)-illisimonin A. The absolute configuration of (-)-illisimonin A was revised to 1S,4S,5S,6S,7R,9R,10R based on the X-ray structure of a heavy-atom analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Burns
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Scott D Rychnovsky
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , 1102 Natural Sciences II , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
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21
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Hung K, Condakes ML, Novaes LFT, Harwood SJ, Morikawa T, Yang Z, Maimone TJ. Development of a Terpene Feedstock-Based Oxidative Synthetic Approach to the Illicium Sesquiterpenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3083-3099. [PMID: 30698435 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Illicium sesquiterpenes are a family of natural products containing over 100 highly oxidized and structurally complex members, many of which display interesting biological activities. This comprehensive account chronicles the evolution of a semisynthetic strategy toward these molecules from (+)-cedrol, seeking to emulate key aspects of their presumed biosynthesis. An initial route generated lower oxidation state analogs but failed in delivering a crucial hydroxy group in the final step. Insight gathered during these studies, however, ultimately led to a synthesis of the pseudoanisatinoids along with the allo-cedrane natural product 11- O-debenzoyltashironin. A second-generation strategy was then developed to access the more highly oxidized majucinoid compounds including jiadifenolide and majucin itself. Overall, one dozen natural products can be accessed from an abundant and inexpensive terpene feedstock. A multitude of general observations regarding site-selective C(sp3)-H bond functionalization reactions in complex polycyclic architectures are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hung
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Matthew L Condakes
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Luiz F T Novaes
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Stephen J Harwood
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Takahiro Morikawa
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , 826 Latimer Hall , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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