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Babijczuk K, Berdzik N, Nowak D, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Starzyk J, Mrówczyńska L, Jasiewicz B. Novel C3-Methylene-Bridged Indole Derivatives with and without Substituents at N1: The Influence of Substituents on Their Hemolytic, Cytoprotective, and Antimicrobial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5364. [PMID: 38791402 PMCID: PMC11121452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are natural compounds useful as scaffolds for discovering new bioactive molecules. This study utilized alkaloid gramine to synthesize two groups of C3-substituted indole derivatives, which were either functionalized at N1 or not. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The protective effects of the new compounds against in vitro oxidative hemolysis induced by standard oxidant 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane dihydro chloride (AAPH) on human erythrocytes as a cell model were investigated. Additionally, the compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity. The results indicated that most of the indole derivatives devoid of the N1 substitution exhibited strong cytoprotective properties. The docking studies supported the affinities of selected indole-based ligands as potential antioxidants. Furthermore, the derivatives obtained exhibited potent fungicidal properties. The structures of the eight derivatives possessing indole moiety bridged to the imidazole-, benzimidazole-, thiazole-, benzothiazole-, and 5-methylbenzothiazoline-2-thiones were determined by X-ray diffraction. The C=S bond lengths in the thioamide fragment pointed to the involvement of zwitterionic structures of varying contribution. The predominance of zwitterionic mesomers may explain the lack of cytoprotective properties, while steric effects, which limit multiple the hydrogen-bond acceptor properties of a thione sulfur, seem to be responsible for the high hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Babijczuk
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Natalia Berdzik
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Damian Nowak
- Department of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (B.W.); (U.R.)
| | - Urszula Rychlewska
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (B.W.); (U.R.)
| | - Justyna Starzyk
- Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Bioengineering, University of Life Science, Szydłowska 50, 60-656 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Jasiewicz
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (K.B.); (N.B.)
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Wen K, Chen C, Kong W, Gao Q, Shi J, Tang X. Cooperative Triple Catalysis Enables Deaminative α-Indolmethylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Gramines. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38190807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
α-Functionalization of carbonyl compounds is an important reaction in synthetic chemistry. However, the development of novel synthetic strategies to realize this reaction is challenging. This study describes the α-indolmethylation of carbonyl compounds using cooperative copper, amine, and hydrogen-bond catalysis. This reaction provides a novel and efficient strategy for developing indolmethylated carbonyl compounds by deaminative coupling of gramines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmei Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiya Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
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Gao Q, Luo L, Chen C, Wen K, Zhu Z, Tang X. Transition-Metal-Free Base-Promoted Deaminative Coupling of Gramines with Aminomaleimides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13303-13314. [PMID: 37668535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The direct utilization of amines for C-C bond formation without prefunctionalization remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the base-promoted deaminative coupling of gramines with aminomalaimides under redox-neutral conditions. In this operationally simple reaction, a series of indolmethyl-substituted aminomaleimides that emitted fluorescence were synthesized in good-to-excellent yields. Biological evaluation revealed that some products exhibited antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liuting Luo
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 13# Shiliugang Road, Haizhu district, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kangmei Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhibo Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 13# Shiliugang Road, Haizhu district, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Koiwa D, Ohira M, Hiramatsu T, Abe H, Kawamoto T, Ishihara Y, Ignacio B, Mansour N, Romoff T. Rapid and efficient syntheses of tryptophans using a continuous-flow quaternization-substitution reaction of gramines with a chiral nucleophilic glycine equivalent. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8331-8340. [PMID: 36250233 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01682f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-flow quaternization reaction of gramines with MeI (<1 min) followed by a substitution reaction with a chiral nucleophilic glycine-derived Ni-complex (S)-2 (<1 min) has successfully been developed to afford the corresponding alkylated Ni-complexes 3 in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivity, based on the results of a one-pot quaternization-substitution reaction of gramines with (S)-2 in a batch process. The continuous-flow process allowed the safe and efficient scale-up synthesis of 3j (84% yield, 99% de, 540 g h-1) to give 7-azatryptophan derivative (S)-4j readily by an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction followed by protection with an Fmoc group. The present method for the rapid and efficient syntheses of enantiopure unnatural tryptophan derivatives from various gramines and (S)-2 will be useful to further promote peptide and protein drug discovery and development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Koiwa
- Research & Development Division, Hamari Chemicals, Ltd, 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Ohira
- Research & Development Division, Hamari Chemicals, Ltd, 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Hiramatsu
- Research & Development Division, Hamari Chemicals, Ltd, 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Abe
- Research & Development Division, Hamari Chemicals, Ltd, 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
| | - Tetsuji Kawamoto
- Research & Development Division, Hamari Chemicals, Ltd, 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ishihara
- Research & Development Division, Hamari Chemicals, Ltd, 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, 559-0034, Japan.
| | - Bernardo Ignacio
- Hamari Chemicals USA, Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Rd Suite 3, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - Noel Mansour
- Hamari Chemicals USA, Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Rd Suite 3, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - Todd Romoff
- Hamari Chemicals USA, Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Rd Suite 3, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
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Nucleophilic substitution reactions of unbranched alkyl amines using triazine reagents. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Przydacz A, Bojanowski J, Albrecht A, Albrecht Ł. Hydroxyl-group-activated azomethine ylides in organocatalytic H-bond-assisted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and beyond. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3075-3086. [PMID: 33885562 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition constitutes a powerful means for the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles. Recently, the potential of this field of chemistry has been expanded by the employment of organocatalytic activation strategies. One group of substrates, namely imines derived from salicylaldehydes, is particularly useful. Additional activation via intramolecular H-bonding interactions offered by the presence of an ortho-hydroxyl phenolic group in their structure results in increased reactivity of these reactants. Furthermore, it can be utilized in subsequent reactions creating chemical and stereochemical diversity. This minireview provides a summary of the recent progress in this field of organocatalysis and indicates other important applications of hydroxyl-group-activated azomethine ylides in asymmetric organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Przydacz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
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Yuan L, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bisindolylmethanes by Reaction of Indolylmagnesium Bromides with Sulfonyl Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yuan
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry DivisionUniversity of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University Hunan Road Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry DivisionUniversity of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry DivisionUniversity of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
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Guo S, Zhang Z, Xu J, Li S, Fu Z, Cai H. Acid and 1, 2‐Dichloroethane Co‐Promoted Substitution of the Amino Groups in Gramine and its Analogues with Trialkyl Phosphites. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Guo
- Department of ChemistryNanchang University Xuefu Rd. 999 Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Zhebin Zhang
- Department of ChemistryNanchang University Xuefu Rd. 999 Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeNanchang University Xuefu Rd. 999 Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of ChemistryNanchang University Xuefu Rd. 999 Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Zhengjiang Fu
- Department of ChemistryNanchang University Xuefu Rd. 999 Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Hu Cai
- Department of ChemistryNanchang University Xuefu Rd. 999 Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
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