1
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Fernandes RA, Ranjan RS. Diastereoselective allylation-based asymmetric total synthesis of 1,10- seco-guaianolides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:811-822. [PMID: 38170531 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02013d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A Cr(II)-mediated Nozaki-Hiyama allylation of aldehydes with functionalized chiral allylbromolactone paved the way to easily access β-hydroxy-aryl/alkyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones in good yields with high diastereoselectivities. A subsequent undemanding translactonization was orchestrated in the efficient first asymmetric total synthesis of two 1,10-seco-guaianolides as a valuable extension of the strategy developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ravikant S Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India.
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2
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Bera M, Sen B, Garai S, Hajra S. Organocatalytic aldol approach for the protecting group-free asymmetric synthesis of (7 R')-parabenzlactone, (-)-hinokinin, (-)-yatein, (-)-bursehernin, (-)-pluviatolide, (+)-isostegane and allied lignans. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8749-8756. [PMID: 37873613 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01446k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
A short and efficient catalytic asymmetric protection-free synthesis of dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans, such as (-)-hinokinin, (-)-yatein, (-)-bursehernin, (-)-pluviatolide, and their 7'-hydroxylignans - (7'R)-parabenzlactone, (7'R)-hydroxyyatein, (7'R)-hydroxybursehernin, and (7'R)-hydroxy pluviatolide, respectively, is described. The syntheses of (+)-isostegane and the formal synthesis of (-)-podophyllotoxin and bicubebins are also described. Organocatalytic aldol-reduction-lactonization and Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenative debromination are two-pot sequential reactions for the enantioselective synthesis of hydroxybutyrolactone 13b with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (dr 33 : 1 and >99% ee). The protecting group-free chemoselective α-alkylation of 13b directly led to 7'-hydroxydibenzylbutyrolactone lignans, followed by hydrogenative dehydroxylation, which led to their (deoxy) dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans, and the syntheses were completed in three to five steps from 6-bromopiperonal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Bera
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India.
| | - Biswajit Sen
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India.
| | - Sujay Garai
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India.
| | - Saumen Hajra
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India.
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3
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Kaur C, Sharma S, Thakur A, Sharma R. ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS: A GLANCE AT VARIOUS METHODOLOGIES FOR DIFFERENT FRAMEWORKS. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220610162605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Asymmetric reactions have made a significant advancement over the past few decades and involved the production of enantiomerically pure molecules using enantioselective organocatalysis, chiral auxiliaries/substrates, and reagents via controlling the absolute stereochemistry. The laboratory synthesis from an enantiomerically impure starting material gives a combination of enantiomers which are difficult to separate for chemists in the fields of medicine, chromatography, pharmacology, asymmetric synthesis, studies of structure-function relationships of proteins, life sciences and mechanistic studies. This challenging step of separation can be avoided by the use of asymmetric synthesis. Using pharmacologically relevant scaffolds/pharmacophores, the drug designing can also be achieved using asymmetric synthesis to synthesize receptor specific pharmacologically active chiral molecules. This approach can be used to synthesize asymmetric molecules from wide variety of reactants using specific asymmetric conditions which is also beneficial for environment due to less usage and discharge of chemicals into the environment. So, in this review, we have focused on the inclusive collation of diverse mechanisms in this area, to encourage auxiliary studies of asymmetric reactions to develop selective, efficient, environment-friendly and high yielding advanced processes in asymmetric reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, Punjab, 143002
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | | | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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4
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Reynolds RG, Nguyen HQA, Reddel JCT, Thomson RJ. Recent strategies and tactics for the enantioselective total syntheses of cyclolignan natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:670-702. [PMID: 34664594 PMCID: PMC8957534 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00057h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2021Lignan natural products are found in many different plant species and possess numerous useful biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. Their utility in both traditional and conventional medicine, coupled with their structural diversity has made them popular synthetic targets over many decades. This review specifically addresses the cyclolignan subclass of the family, which possess both a C8-C8' and a C2-C7' linkage between two different phenylpropene units. We present a comprehensive overview of the diverse strategies employed by chemists to achieve enantioselective total syntheses of cyclolignans covering: 2000 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah G Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Huong Quynh Anh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jordan C T Reddel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Regan J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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5
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Aihaiti K, Li J, Yaermaimaiti S, Yin Q, Aisa HA. A new macrocyclic spermidine alkaloid from the aerial part of Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35045780 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2027935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. grows in Xinjiang, China. A new macrocyclic spermidine alkaloid, namely hyssopusizine (1), along with sixteen known compounds were isolated and identified from the aerial parts of H. cuspidatus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and comparison with the literature. Among them, fifteen compounds were isolated from H. cuspidatus for the first time. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was established by comparing the calculated and experimental ECD spectroscopic data. All isolated compounds were tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Among them, compound 10 exhibited significant effects on ABTS free-radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 15.6 μM. Compounds 5-7 exhibited potent antioxidant activities against ABTS and DPPH. Most compounds exhibited moderate antimicrobial activities. Hyssopusizine (1) is the first macrocyclic spermidine alkaloid discovered from the Hyssopus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kariyemu Aihaiti
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plants Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plants Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Saimijiang Yaermaimaiti
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plants Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plants Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and Key Laboratory of Plants Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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6
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Chi Y, Zhou H, He HW, Ma YD, Li B, Xu D, Gao JM, Xu G. Total Synthesis and Anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activity of the Furofuran Lignan (±)-Phrymarolin II and Its Analogues. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2937-2944. [PMID: 34730370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phrymarolin II, a furofuran lignan isolated from Phryma leptostachya L., features a 3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane skeleton. Herein, we report an alternative total synthesis of (±)-phrymarolin II (2), which was performed in 9 steps from commercially available sesamol. The key steps of the synthesis included a zinc-mediated Barbier-type allylation and a copper-catalyzed anomeric O-arylation. Our total synthesis allowed the synthesis of analogues of (±)-phrymarolin II. Most derivatives displayed good to excellent in vivo activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). (±)-Phrymarolin II (2) and compounds (±)-31d and (±)-31g exhibited similar or higher activity than commercial ningnanmycin, which indicated that phrymarolin lignans are a promising new class of plant virus inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chi
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong-Wei He
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Dan Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gong Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Sato K, Tanaka H. Synthesis of Lignans Based on a Borate-mediated One-pot Sequential Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling of Cyclic Boranes. Chemistry 2021; 27:9422-9428. [PMID: 33851478 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are a group of polyphenolic phytochemicals that possess a large spectrum of chemical structures and biological activities. Here the syntheses of lignans - anwulignan, burseran, dehydroxycubebin, ruburisandrin B, and sesamin - are achieved based on a borate-mediated one-pot sequential Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of cis- and trans-fused bicyclic boranes, which were prepared by diastereoselective cyclic hydroboration of exo-cyclic diene with cyclopentyl- and thexylboranes, respectively. A one-pot sequential Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of each cyclic borate with various aryl bromides initiated by activation of the cyclic borane with the carbon nucleophile provided 2,3-dibenzylbutane derivatives with different aromatic substituents. Finally, the syntheses of naturally occurring lignans were accomplished in several steps from the products of Suzuki-Miyaura coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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8
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Lazzarotto M, Hartmann P, Pletz J, Belaj F, Kroutil W, Payer SE, Fuchs M. Asymmetric Allylation Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acids: Stereoselective Synthesis of Tertiary Alcohols and a Reagent-Based Switch in Stereopreference. Adv Synth Catal 2021; 363:3138-3143. [PMID: 34413715 PMCID: PMC8359974 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The substrate scope of the asymmetric allylation with zinc organyls catalyzed by 3,3-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)-1,1-binaphthyl-2,2-diyl hydrogenphosphate (TRIP) has been extended to non-cyclic ester organozinc reagents and ketones. Tertiary chiral alcohols are obtained with ee's up to 94% and two stereogenic centers can be created. Compared to the previous lactone reagent the stereopreference switches almost completely, proving the fact that the nature of the organometallic compound is of immense importance for the asymmetry of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lazzarotto
- University of GrazInstitute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic ChemistryHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Peter Hartmann
- University of GrazInstitute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic ChemistryHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Jakob Pletz
- University of GrazInstitute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic ChemistryHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Ferdinand Belaj
- University of GrazInstitute of ChemistryInorganic ChemistrySchubertstraße 1/III8010GrazAustria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- University of GrazInstitute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic ChemistryHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Stefan E. Payer
- University of GrazInstitute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic ChemistryHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Michael Fuchs
- University of GrazInstitute of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Organic ChemistryHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
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9
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Liu W, Yu Z, Winssinger N. Total Syntheses of Paraconic Acids and 1,10- seco-Guaianolides via a Barbier Allylation/Translactonization Cascade of 3-(Bromomethyl)-2(5 H)-furanone. Org Lett 2021; 23:969-973. [PMID: 33502871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed Barbier allylation/translactonization cascade reaction was established for the rapid construction of β,γ-disubstituted α-exo-methylene-γ-butyrolactone, an important motif in sesquiterpenes. Dimethyl zinc played significant roles in both steps for the umpolung of π-allylpalladium as a nucleophile and promoting a Lewis acid-mediated translactonization. This sequence showed a broad substrate scope and was further harnessed for the synthesis of two paraconic acids as well as the first protecting-group-free total synthesis of two 1,10-seco-guaianolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zhimei Yu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Hartmann PE, Lazzarotto M, Pletz J, Tanda S, Neu P, Goessler W, Kroutil W, Boese AD, Fuchs M. Mechanistic Studies of the TRIP-Catalyzed Allylation with Organozinc Reagents. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9672-9679. [PMID: 32648755 PMCID: PMC7418105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
3,3-Bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)-1,1-binaphthyl-2,2-diyl
hydrogenphosphate
(TRIP) catalyzes the asymmetric allylation of aldehydes with organozinc
compounds, leading to highly valuable structural motifs, like precursors
to lignan natural products. Our previously reported mechanistic proposal
relies on two reaction intermediates and requires further investigation
to really understand the mode of action and the origins of stereoselectivity.
Detailed ab initio calculations, supported by experimental data, render
a substantially different mode of action to the allyl boronate congener.
Instead of a Brønsted acid-based catalytic activation, the chiral
phosphate acts as a counterion for the Lewis acidic zinc ion, which
provides the activation of the aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Hartmann
- Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria, Europe.,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria, Europe
| | - Mattia Lazzarotto
- Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria, Europe
| | - Jakob Pletz
- Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria, Europe
| | - Stefan Tanda
- Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1/I, 8010 Graz, Austria, Europe
| | - Philipp Neu
- Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria, Europe
| | - Walter Goessler
- Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1/I, 8010 Graz, Austria, Europe
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria, Europe
| | - A Daniel Boese
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria, Europe
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Bioorganic and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria, Europe
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11
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Shirakata H, Nishiwaki H, Yamauchi S. Syntheses of all eight stereoisomers of conidendrin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1986-1996. [PMID: 32552421 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1777081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
All eight stereoisomers of conidendrin were synthesized from (1 R,2 S,3 S)-1-(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-2- hydroxymethyl-1,4-butanediol ((+)-4) and its enantiomer with high optical purity. The configurations at 4-positions of the conidendrin stereoisomers were constructed by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction of protected 4. After conversion to tetrahydronaphthalene intermediate 7a, the 2- and 3-position of tetrahydronaphthalene structure 7a were converted to 3a- and 9a-position of (+)-α-conidendrin (3a), respectively. By the epimerization process of 2- or 3-position of 7a, the other diastereomers were obtained. All enantiomers were also synthesized from (-)-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Shirakata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University , Matsuyama, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University , Matsuyama, Japan
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12
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Fernandes RA, Kumar P, Choudhary P. Advances in catalytic and protecting-group-free total synthesis of natural products: a recent update. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8569-8590. [PMID: 32537619 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02659j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic processes in protecting-group-free syntheses of natural products are fast emerging towards achieving the goal of efficiency and economy in total synthesis. Present day sustainable development in synthesis of natural products does not permit the luxury of using stoichiometric reagents and protecting groups. Catalysis and step-economy can contribute significantly toward economy and efficiency of synthesis. This feature article details the ingenious efforts by many researchers in the last couple of years toward concise total syntheses, based on catalytic steps and protecting-group-free-strategies. These would again serve as guidelines in future development of reagents and catalysts aimed at achieving higher efficiency and chemoselectivity to the point that catalysis and protecting-group-free synthesis will be an accepted common practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India.
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13
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Lazzarotto M, Hammerer L, Hetmann M, Borg A, Schmermund L, Steiner L, Hartmann P, Belaj F, Kroutil W, Gruber K, Fuchs M. Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of Deoxy-, epi-, and Podophyllotoxin and a Biocatalytic Kinetic Resolution of Dibenzylbutyrolactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8226-8230. [PMID: 30920120 PMCID: PMC6563474 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin is probably the most prominent representative of lignan natural products. Deoxy‐, epi‐, and podophyllotoxin, which are all precursors to frequently used chemotherapeutic agents, were prepared by a stereodivergent biotransformation and a biocatalytic kinetic resolution of the corresponding dibenzylbutyrolactones with the same 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase. The reaction can be conducted on 2 g scale, and the enzyme allows tailoring of the initial, “natural” structure and thus transforms various non‐natural derivatives. Depending on the substitution pattern, the enzyme performs an oxidative C−C bond formation by C−H activation or hydroxylation at the benzylic position prone to ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lazzarotto
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lucas Hammerer
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/o University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Hetmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/III, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Annika Borg
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lorenz Steiner
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hartmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Belaj
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1/III, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/III, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
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