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Arras J, Calderón-Díaz A, Lebedkin S, Gozem S, McMillen CD, Bhuvanesh N, Stollenz M. Twisted and Disconnected Chains: Flexible Linear Tetracuprous Arrays and a Decanuclear Cu I Cluster as Blue- and Green/Yellow-Light Emitters. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12943-12957. [PMID: 38935842 PMCID: PMC11256752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Defined arrays of transition metal ions embedded in tailored polydentate ligand scaffolds allow for a systematic design of their physical properties. Such molecular strings of closed-shell transition metal centers are particularly interesting for Group 11 metal ions in the oxidation state +1 if they undergo metallophilic d10···d10 contact interactions since these clusters are oftentimes efficient photoluminescence (PL) emitters. Copper is particularly attractive as a sustainable earth-abundant coinage metal source and because of the ability of several CuI complexes to serve as powerful thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters in molecular/organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Our combined synthetic, crystallographic, photophysical, and computational study describes a straight tetracuprous array possessing a centrally disconnected CuI2···CuI2 chain and a continuous helically bent CuI4 complex. This molecular helix undergoes a facile rearrangement in diethyl ether solution, yielding an unprecedented nanosized CuI10 cluster (2.9 × 2.0 nm) upon crystallization. All three clusters show either bright blue phosphorescence, TADF, or green/yellow multiband phosphorescence with quantum yields between 6.5 and 67%, which is persistent under hydrostatic pressure up to 30 kbar. Temperature-dependent PL investigations in combination with time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations and void space analyses of the crystal packings complement a comprehensive correlation between the molecular structures and photoluminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Arras
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw
State University, 370 Paulding Avenue NW, MD # 1203, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Alvaro Calderón-Díaz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw
State University, 370 Paulding Avenue NW, MD # 1203, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Colin D. McMillen
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, 379 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United
States
| | - Michael Stollenz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw
State University, 370 Paulding Avenue NW, MD # 1203, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
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Arras J, Ugarte Trejo O, Bhuvanesh N, Stollenz M. Non-conventional hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces that support embedding mesitylgold into a tailored bis(amidine) framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1418-1421. [PMID: 35001099 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A bis(amidine) ligand operates as a molecular lock for two AuMes fragments. The resulting complex retains a flexible double macrocycle with two non-conventional N-H⋯Cipso hydrogen bonds and distinct intramolecular dispersion forces. Instead of unfolding of the double-ring structure through bond rupture in solution, a conformational ring inversion is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Arras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Avenue, MD 1203, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA.
| | - Omar Ugarte Trejo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Avenue, MD 1203, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA.
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
| | - Michael Stollenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Avenue, MD 1203, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA.
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Arras J, Ugarte Trejo O, Bhuvanesh N, McMillen C, Stollenz M. Hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces serving as molecular locks for tailored Group 11 bis(amidine) complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00443g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A flexible polydentate bis(amidine) ligand LH2 operates as a molecular lock for various coinage metal fragments and forms the dinuclear complexes [LH2(MCl)2], M = Cu (1), Au (2), the coordination...
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Rinke P, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Calcium and Magnesium Bis(β-diketiminate) Complexes: Impact of the Alkylene Bridge on Schlenk-Type Rearrangements. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5310-5321. [PMID: 33667337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear heteroleptic alkaline-earth-metal complexes are interesting synthetic targets because the close proximity of two metals allows for cooperative effects. However, these complexes are also prone to undergoing Schlenk-type rearrangements, affording less-active homoleptic complexes. Here we present the metalation of bis(β-diketimine) ligands possessing flexible bridging groups, i.e., 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, and trans-1,2-cyclohexylene, using calcium and magnesium precursors. Four mononuclear homoleptic calcium complexes were obtained, highlighting the pronounced tendency of calcium to undergo Schlenk-like redistributions. In the case of magnesium, however, the bridging group plays a crucial role, yielding seven dinuclear heteroleptic complexes but also one mononuclear and one dinuclear homoleptic complexes. In addition, a trinuclear mixed heteroleptic-homoleptic magnesium complex, which is a rare example of an intermediate of the Schlenk equilibrium, was isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rinke
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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5
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Rösch A, Seifert F, Vass V, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Synthesis, structure, and catalytic activity of dinuclear aluminium bis(amidinate) and bis(guanidinate) complexes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ring-opening polymerization grand prix: Bis(amidinate)s outpaced their bis(guanidinate) competitors and won the race, while the drivers’ engines using acidic co-initiators collapsed before take-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rösch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Fabian Seifert
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Valentin Vass
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- 93053 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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Rösch A, Herzog CM, Schreiner SHF, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Ditopic bis( N, N', N'-substituted 1,2-ethanediamine) ligands: synthesis and coordination chemistry. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13818-13828. [PMID: 33001083 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03124k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two different types of bis(N,N',N'-substituted 1,2-ethanediamine)s, bridged either through the secondary (type 1) or tertiary (type 2) amine groups is reported. Selected protio-ligands have been applied in subsequent metallation reactions using aluminium, magnesium, tin, and zinc sources allowing to isolate five mononuclear and eight dinuclear complexes. All complexes have been fully characterized and their solid-state structures have been studied by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Nine of the 13 complexes carry reactive alkyl, amide or hydride groups, which indicates their potential as catalysts or supports for (transition) metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rösch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph M Herzog
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon H F Schreiner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Rösch A, Schreiner SHF, Schüler P, Görls H, Kretschmer R. Magnesium bis(amidinate) and bis(guanidinate) complexes: impact of the ligand backbone and bridging groups on the coordination behaviour. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13072-13082. [PMID: 32926063 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01923b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A library of ten dinucleating bis(amidine) and bis(guanidine) ligands, in which the bridging groups, terminal rests, and backbone substituents were systematically altered, has been synthesized and subsequently applied in metallation reactions using three different magnesium sources. Eight Mg complexes could be isolated and fully characterized, and in seven cases their solid-state structure could be determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The results evidence a versatile coordination behaviour, which ranges from the first dinuclear heteroleptic magnesium iodide complex to dinuclear homoleptic complexes. These findings indicate the crucial impact of both the ligand and the magnesium source not only on the accessibility of well-defined dinuclear complexes but also on the aggregation in solution and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rösch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Calderón‐Díaz A, Arras J, Miller ET, Bhuvanesh N, McMillen CD, Stollenz M. Ethylene‐Bridged Tetradentate Bis(amidines): Supramolecular Assemblies through Hydrogen Bonding and Photoluminescence upon Deprotonation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Calderón‐Díaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Kennesaw State University 370 Paulding Avenue NW, MD1203 30144 Kennesaw GA USA
| | - Janet Arras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Kennesaw State University 370 Paulding Avenue NW, MD1203 30144 Kennesaw GA USA
| | - Ethan T. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Kennesaw State University 370 Paulding Avenue NW, MD1203 30144 Kennesaw GA USA
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University 580 Ross Street, P.O. Box 30012 77842‐3012 College Station TX USA
| | - Colin D. McMillen
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University 379 Hunter Laboratories 29634‐0973 Clemson SC USA
| | - Michael Stollenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Kennesaw State University 370 Paulding Avenue NW, MD1203 30144 Kennesaw GA USA
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Kretschmer R. Ligands with Two Monoanionic N,N-Binding Sites: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2020; 26:2099-2119. [PMID: 31755598 PMCID: PMC7064907 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polytopic ligands have become ubiquitous in coordination chemistry because they grant access to a variety of mono- and polynuclear complexes of transition metals as well as rare-earth and main-group elements. Nitrogen-based ditopic ligands, in which two monoanionic N,N-binding sites are framed within one molecule, are of particular importance and are therefore the primary focus of this review. In detail, bis(amidine)s, bis(guanidine)s, bis(β-diimine)s, bis(aminotroponimine)s, bis(pyrrolimine)s, and miscellaneous bis(N,N-chelating) ligands are reviewed. In addition to the general synthetic protocols, the application of these ligands is discussed along with their coordination chemistry, the multifarious binding modes, and the ability of these ligands to bridge two (or more) metal(loids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kretschmer
- Junior Professorship Inorganic Chemistry of Catalysis, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 807743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
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