1
|
Teli P, Soni S, Teli S, Agarwal S. Unlocking Diversity: From Simple to Cutting-Edge Synthetic Methodologies of Bis(indolyl)methanes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:8. [PMID: 38403746 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
From a synthetic perspective, bis(indolyl)methanes have undergone extensive investigation over the past two to three decades owing to their remarkable pharmacological activities, encompassing anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. These highly desirable attributes have spurred significant interest within the scientific community, leading to the development of various synthetic strategies that are not only more efficient but also ecofriendly. This synthesis-based literature review delves into the advancements made in the past 5 years, focusing on the synthesis of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes. The review encompasses a wide array of methods, ranging from well-established techniques to more unconventional and innovative approaches. Furthermore, it highlights the exploration of various substrates, encompassing readily available chemicals such as indole, aldehydes/ketones, indolyl methanols, etc. as well as the use of some specific compounds as starting materials to achieve the synthesis of this invaluable molecule. By encapsulating the latest developments in this field, this review provides insights into the expanding horizons of bis(indolyl)methane synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivani Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunita Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chai Y, Chen P, Wu R, Zhou J, Ou J, Min Y, Wang H, Zhang D, Zhou H, Liu Y, Zhou J. Enantioselective Alkynylation of Pyrazole-4,5-diones with Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Copper/PyBisulidine. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13645-13654. [PMID: 37681260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A copper/PyBisulidine-catalyzed enantioselective alkynylation of electrophilic pyrazole-4,5-dione with terminal alkynes has been developed. Chiral tertiary propargylic alcohols bearing the pyrazolone motif were prepared with yields (up to 99%) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). The prominent feature of this protocol includes its mild reaction conditions and good stereoselectivities. The nonlinear effect study showed that the catalytically active specie was a monomeric catalyst and that the excess copper activated the alkynes through the π-system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chai
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ruoran Wu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junyu Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianhua Ou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Min
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Haoting Wang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar G, Srivastava A, Singh VP. Graphene oxide-supported nickel(II) complex as a reusable nano catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3431-3437. [PMID: 36825768 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel catalytic system of a nickel(II) complex of (E)-N'-((2-amino-5-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methylene)-2-hydroxy-benzohydrazide (APH) supported on graphene oxide (GO) has been prepared. Detailed characterization of the synthesized catalyst has been carried out using NMR, FTIR, HRMS, PXRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, EDX and XPS. Its catalytic efficiency has been explored for the synthesis of various bis(indolyl)methane derivatives. The optimized reaction conditions prove that the catalyst is highly efficient, performs under mild conditions and is required in a very small amount (2 wt%). A diversified library of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives containing various electron donating and withdrawing substituents has been developed in high to excellent yields. The catalyst is equally efficient towards heterocyclic aldehydes. Moreover, owing to the strong covalent interaction between the APH-Ni(II) complex and GO, the catalyst shows outstanding recyclability for six subsequent cycles without any significant loss in activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Ananya Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Vinod P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Study the crystal structure of 4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)dipiperidinium sulfate monohydrate and its hydrogen bond catalytic activity in the mechanochemical synthesis of BIMs. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
5
|
Fahim H, Mihankhah P, Khaligh NG. Greener and scalable mechanosynthesis of bis(3-indolyl)methane as an example of versatile pharmaceutical scaffold: Is the mechanochemical technique a metal-free process? SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2158104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Fahim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Peyman Mihankhah
- Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Nader Ghaffari Khaligh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmad T, Khan S, Ullah N. Recent Advances in the Catalytic Asymmetric Friedel-Crafts Reactions of Indoles. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35446-35485. [PMID: 36249392 PMCID: PMC9558610 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized chiral indole derivatives are privileged and versatile organic frameworks encountered in numerous pharmaceutically active agents and biologically active natural products. The catalytic asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles, catalyzed by chiral metal complexes or chiral organocatalysts, is one of the most powerful and atom-economical approaches to access optically active indole derivatives. Consequently, a wide range of electrophilic partners including α,β-unsaturated ketones, esters, amides, imines, β,γ-unsaturated α-keto- and α-ketiminoesters, ketimines, nitroalkenes, and many others have been successfully employed to achieve a plethora of functionalized chiral indole moieties. In particular, strategies for C-H functionalization in the phenyl of indoles require incorporation of a directing or blocking group in the phenyl or azole ring of indole. The discovery of chiral catalysts which can control enantiodiscrimination has gained a great deal of attention in recent years. This review will provide an updated account on the application of the asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles in the synthesis of diverse chiral indole derivatives, covering the timeframe from 2011 to today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tauqir Ahmad
- Chemistry
Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum
and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sardaraz Khan
- Chemistry
Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum
and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Chemistry
Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum
and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- The
Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang F, Hu Y, Wang L, Wu M, Yuan X, Liu Z, Li X, Wang Z, Zheng H. Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of o‐Alkenyl Chloroformylaniline with o‐Alkynylaniline: An Approach to Indolylmethyl Oxindole. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanpeng Yang
- Northwest A&F University: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University College of Chemistry and Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Yina Hu
- Northwest A&F University: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University College of Chemistry and Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Lu Wang
- Northwest A&F University: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University College of Chemistry and Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Northwest A&F University: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University College of Chemistry and Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Xiaowen Yuan
- Northwest A&F University: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University College of Chemistry and Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Northwest A&F University: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University College of Chemistry and Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Xiuhuan Li
- Northwest A&F University: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas CHINA
| | - Zhengshen Wang
- Northwest Agriculture University: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University College of Chemistry and Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Huaiji Zheng
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University College of Chemistry and Pharmacy 3 Taicheng Road 712100 Yangling CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Z, He H, Tian R, Wu R, Hu S, Wu Y, Zhou H. A zinc/PyBisulidine catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction of N-tosyl imines with 3-acyloxy-2-oxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7460-7469. [PMID: 34612364 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Zn-PyBisulidine catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction of 3-acyloxy-2-oxindoles has been developed. Various quaternary substituted 3-acyloxy-2-oxindoles bearing vicinal amino alcohol motifs were obtained in good to excellent yields with moderate to excellent dr and excellent enantioselectivities. The utility of this reaction was demonstrated by the easy removal of the acyl group to give C3-hydroxy derivatives and their application as a key skeleton of the ligand for the Ni-catalyzed enantioselective Henry reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Yang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boylan A, Nguyen TS, Lundy BJ, Li JY, Vallakati R, Sundstrom S, May JA. Rate Dependence on Inductive and Resonance Effects for the Organocatalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Alkenyl and Alkynyl Boronic Acids to β-Indolyl Enones and β-Pyrrolyl Enones. Molecules 2021; 26:1615. [PMID: 33799473 PMCID: PMC8000498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Two key factors bear on reaction rates for the conjugate addition of alkenyl boronic acids to heteroaryl-appended enones: the proximity of inductively electron-withdrawing heteroatoms to the site of bond formation and the resonance contribution of available heteroatom lone pairs to stabilize the developing positive charge at the enone β-position. For the former, the closer the heteroatom is to the enone β-carbon, the faster the reaction. For the latter, greater resonance stabilization of the benzylic cationic charge accelerates the reaction. Thus, reaction rates are increased by the closer proximity of inductive electron-withdrawing elements, but if resonance effects are involved, then increased rates are observed with electron-donating ability. Evidence for these trends in isomeric substrates is presented, and the application of these insights has allowed for reaction conditions that provide improved reactivity with previously problematic substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Boylan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Thien S. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Brian J. Lundy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
- Baker Hughes, 17021 Aldine Westfield Rd, Houston, TX 77073, USA
| | - Jian-Yuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ravikrishna Vallakati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
- Vallark Pharma Pvt. Ltd., Genome Valley, Turkapally, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sasha Sundstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor Sciences Bldg. D.208, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Jeremy A. May
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Fleming Building 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA; (A.B.); (T.S.N.); (B.J.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (R.V.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
This review summaries recent synthetic developments towards spirocyclic oxindoles and applications as valuable medicinal and synthetic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu WJ, Gong JF, Song MP. Synthesis of Chiral Bis(3-indolyl)methanes Bearing a Trifluoromethylated All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter via Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9525-9537. [PMID: 32628848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bis(3-indolyl)methanes are well-known natural products with a broad range of important biological functions including cancer cell growth inhibition and antimicrobial activity. Incorporation of a trifluoromethyl group is known to have a profound effect on the parent compound's biological activities. Here, an efficient method for the synthesis of chiral trifluoromethylated bis(3-indolyl)methanes via a catalytic asymmetric Friedel-Crafts (F-C) alkylation reaction has been established. Both enantiomers of the catalysis products can be obtained by tuning the chiral substituents of the catalyst. With 5 mol % of the Ni(II)/(imidazoline-oxazoline) complex as the catalyst, the F-C reaction of indoles with β-CF3-β-(3-indolyl)nitroalkenes proceeded well to afford a series of chiral bis(3-indolyl)methanes bearing a trifluoromethylated all-carbon quaternary stereocenter in generally good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield and 94% ee). Furthermore, by interchanging the indole moieties of the two reactants, indole vs β-CF3-β-(3-indolyl)nitroalkene in the F-C reaction, both enantiomers of a given trifluoromethylated bis(3-indolyl)methane were obtained with high enantioselectivities (89-94% ee) upon removal of the indole N-protecting group in the F-C products. The current work represents the first general catalytic enantioselective approach to the important class of trifluoromethylated bis(3-indolyl)methanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Fang Gong
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|