1
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Zuo Y, Zuo P, Liu M, Wang X, Du J, Li X, Zhang P, Xu Z. Recent approaches for the synthesis of heterocycles from amidines via a metal catalyzed C-H functionalization reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5014-5031. [PMID: 38831700 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00420e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed C-H bond activation has become one of the most important tools for constructing new chemical bonds. Introducing directing groups to the substrates is the key to a successful reaction, these directing groups can also be further transformed in the reaction. Amidines with their unique structure and reactivity are ideal substrates for transition metal-catalyzed C-H transformations. This review describes the major advances and mechanistic investigations of the C-H activation/annulation tandem reactions of amidines until early 2024, focusing on metal-catalyzed C-H activation of amidines with unsaturated compounds, such as alkynes, ketone, vinylene carbonate, cyclopropanols and their derivatives. Meanwhile this manuscript also explores the reaction of amidines with different carbene precursors, for example diazo compounds, azide, triazoles, pyriodotriazoles, and sulfoxonium ylides as well as their own C-H bond activation/cyclization reactions. A bright outlook is provided at the end of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youpeng Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengfei Zuo
- Kunshan Customs, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoling Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pinghua Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Akter M, Rupa K, Anbarasan P. 1,2,3-Triazole and Its Analogues: New Surrogates for Diazo Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13108-13205. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Akter
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Kavuri Rupa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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3
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Mishra DR, Panda BS, Nayak S, Panda J, Mohapatra S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 5‐Membered
N
‐Heterocycles via Rhodium Catalysed Cascade Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak R. Mishra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Bhabani S. Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Jasmine Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Seetaram Mohapatra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
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4
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Gao Z, Jiang D, Li B, Wang B. Rhodium-catalyzed denitrogenative gem-difunctionalization of pyridotriazoles with thioesters: formal carbene insertion into C(O)-S bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1017-1020. [PMID: 34950938 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06041d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A formal carbene insertion into C(O)-S bonds to access α-quaternary pyridines was achieved via a rhodium(II)-catalyzed in situ formation of sulfonium ylides from pyridotriazoles with thioesters followed by acyl group migration. This protocol has enabled an efficient denitrogenative gem-acylthiolation of pyridotriazoles to incorporate an acyl, pyridyl, and sulfur-substituted quaternary carbon center with high selectivity, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Di Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Baiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Kotovshchikov YN, Voloshkin VA, Latyshev GV, Lukashev NV, Beletskaya IP. Cascade Transformations of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines as Convenient Precursors of Diazo Compounds and Metal Carbenes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021080029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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6
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Lin C, Huang W, Huang Y, Dhole S, Sun C. Rhodium‐Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation of N‐Aryl Pyrazolones with Diazo Compounds To Access Pyrazolone‐Fused Cinnolines. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Yu Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiao-Tung University 1001 Ta-Hseuh Road Hsinchu 300-10, ROC Taiwan
| | - Wan‐Wen Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiao-Tung University 1001 Ta-Hseuh Road Hsinchu 300-10, ROC Taiwan
| | - Ying‐Ti Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiao-Tung University 1001 Ta-Hseuh Road Hsinchu 300-10, ROC Taiwan
| | - Sandip Dhole
- Amar Chemistry Pvt. Ltd. G1 A, Ackruti Corporate Park Mumbai 400078 India
| | - Chung‐Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiao-Tung University 1001 Ta-Hseuh Road Hsinchu 300-10, ROC Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807-08, ROC Taiwan
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7
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Rhodium(III)-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation of N-arylbenzamidines with 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones: Easy access to 4-aminoquinazolines via highly selective C H bond activation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Neto JSS, Zeni G. Recent Developments in the Cyclization of Alkynes and Nitrogen Compounds for the Synthesis of Indole Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose S. S. Neto
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratório de Síntese Reatividade Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 Brazil
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9
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Zhou Q, Song X, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of 3-spirooxindole 3 H-indoles through Rh( iii)-catalyzed [4 + 1] redox-neutral spirocyclization of N-aryl amidines with diazo oxindoles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00551k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is a novel synthesis of 3-spirooxindole 3H-indoles via the coupling and spirocyclization of N-aryl amidines with diazo oxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Xia Song
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Xinying Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Xuesen Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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10
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Song X, Cai X, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of N-acylbenzimidazoles through [4 + 1] annulation of N-arylpivalimidamides with dioxazolones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01137e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Presented herein is a novel and efficient synthesis of N-acylbenzimidazoles through an unprecedented [4 + 1] annulation of N-arylpivalimidamides with dioxazolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Song
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinyuan Cai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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11
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Lu J, Liang R, Jia Y. Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular Dearomative Arylation of Naphthylamines. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Song X, Zhou Q, Zhao J, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of 1,3-Benzodiazepines through [5 + 2] Annulation of N-Aryl Amidines with Propargylic Esters. Org Lett 2020; 22:9506-9512. [PMID: 33258365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an efficient synthesis of functionalized 1,3-benzodiazepines through an unprecedented [5 + 2] annulation of N-aryl amidines with propargylic esters is presented. The reactions proceed through Rh(III)-catalyzed C(sp2)-H alkenylation followed by annulation and deacetoxylation along with cascade C-H/N-H/C-O bond cleavage and C-C/C-N bond formation. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of selected products against several human cancer cell lines was tested, which demonstrated their good potential for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Song
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Qianting Zhou
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuqin Jiang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control and Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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13
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Duan S, Chen Y, Meng H, Shan L, Xu Z, Li C. Synthesis of [1,2,3]‐Triazolo[5,1‐
a
]‐isoquinolines through TBAF‐Promoted Cascade Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengguo Duan
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Yidian Chen
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Hui Meng
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Lihong Shan
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Ze‐Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Chuan‐Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
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14
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Zhang Z, Gevorgyan V. Co-Catalyzed Transannulation of Pyridotriazoles with Isothiocyanates and Xanthate Esters. Org Lett 2020; 22:8500-8504. [PMID: 33044833 PMCID: PMC7655727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient radical transannulation reaction of pyridotriazoles with isothiocyanates and xanthate esters was developed. This method features conversion of pyridotriazoles into two N-fused heterocyclic aromatic systems-imino-thiazolopyridines and oxo-thiazolopyridine derivatives-via one-step Co(II)-catalyzed transannulation reaction proceeding via a radical mechanism. The synthetic usefulness of the developed method was illustrated in the synthesis of amino acid derivatives and further transformations of obtained reaction products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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15
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Abstract
AbstractDiazo compounds display versatile reactivity and therefore are widely used in organic synthesis. Diazo compounds bearing a 2-pyridyl or a related azine moiety on the diazo carbon exist in the form of fused 1,2,3-triazoles. In this short review, we summarize the recent advances in denitrogenative reactions of [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines (‘pyridotriazoles’) and related fused 1,2,3-triazoles. Over the past decade, there has been a surge of activity in this field, with novel denitrogenative reactions of pyridotriazoles induced by metal compounds, light, and Brønsted and Lewis acids having been devised. As a result, heterocyclic compounds and functionalized α-picolines as well as bioactive molecules have been synthesized. In the review, emphasis is also placed on the mechanisms of the new reactions.1 Introduction2 Ring-Chain Isomerization of Pyridotriazoles3 Metal-Catalyzed Reactions3.1 Rh(II) Catalysis3.2 Rh(III) Catalysis3.3 Cu Catalysis3.4 Pd Catalysis3.5 Catalysis by Other Metals4 Metal-Free Reactions5 Conclusion
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16
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Yadagiri D, Rivas M, Gevorgyan V. Denitrogenative Transformations of Pyridotriazoles and Related Compounds: Synthesis of N-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds and Beyond. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11030-11046. [PMID: 32786635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The high demand for new and efficient routes toward synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds has inspired organic chemists to discover several methodologies over recent years. This Perspective highlights one standout approach, which involves the use of pyridotriazoles and related compounds in denitrogenative transformations. Readily available pyridotriazoles undergo ring-chain isomerization to produce uniquely reactive α-diazoimines. Such reactivity, enabled by metal catalysts, additives, or visible-light irradiation, can be applied in transannulation, insertion, cyclopropanation, and many other transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongari Yadagiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Mónica Rivas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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17
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Kotovshchikov YN, Latyshev GV, Kirillova EA, Moskalenko UD, Lukashev NV, Beletskaya IP. Assembly of Thiosubstituted Benzoxazoles via Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Thiols with 5-Iodotriazoles Serving as Diazo Surrogates. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9015-9028. [PMID: 32508100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient cascade approach to thiosubstituted benzoxazoles has been developed. The transformation starts with in situ generation of a diazo compound via annulation-triggered electrocyclic opening of the 1,2,3-triazole ring. The subsequent Cu-catalyzed trapping of diazo intermediates by various thiols affords the desired heterocycles in generally good yields of up to 91%. The protocol features very good functional group tolerance and is applicable to substrates with different electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury N Kotovshchikov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gennadij V Latyshev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena A Kirillova
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Uliana D Moskalenko
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikolay V Lukashev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Irina P Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
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