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Yamada M. Perspectives on push-pull chromophores derived from click-type [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reactions of electron-rich alkynes and electron-deficient alkenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:125-154. [PMID: 38292046 PMCID: PMC10825803 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Various push-pull chromophores can be synthesized in a single and atom-economical step through [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) reactions involving diverse electron-rich alkynes and electron-deficient alkenes. In this review, a comprehensive investigation of the recent and noteworthy advancements in the research on push-pull chromophores prepared via the [2 + 2] CA-RE reaction is conducted. In particular, an overview of the physicochemical properties of the family of these compounds that have been investigated is provided to clarify their potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
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2
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Roger M, Bretonnière Y, Trolez Y, Vacher A, Arbouch I, Cornil J, Félix G, De Winter J, Richeter S, Clément S, Gerbier P. Synthesis and Characterization of Tetraphenylethene AIEgen-Based Push-Pull Chromophores for Photothermal Applications: Could the Cycloaddition-Retroelectrocyclization Click Reaction Make Any Molecule Photothermally Active? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108715. [PMID: 37240061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new tetraphenylethene (TPE) push-pull chromophores exhibiting strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) are described. They were obtained via [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) click reactions on an electron-rich alkyne-tetrafunctionalized TPE (TPE-alkyne) using both 1,1,2,2-tetracyanoethene (TCNE), 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) as electron-deficient alkenes. Only the starting TPE-alkyne displayed significant AIE behavior, whereas for TPE-TCNE, a faint effect was observed, and for TPE-TCNQ and TPE-F4-TCNQ, no fluorescence was observed in any conditions. The main ICT bands that dominate the UV-Visible absorption spectra underwent a pronounced red-shift beyond the near-infrared (NIR) region for TPE-F4-TCNQ. Based on TD-DFT calculations, it was shown that the ICT character shown by the compounds exclusively originated from the clicked moieties independently of the nature of the central molecular platform. Photothermal (PT) studies conducted on both TPE-TCNQ and TPE-F4-TCNQ in the solid state revealed excellent properties, especially for TPE-F4-TCNQ. These results indicated that CA-RE reaction of TCNQ or F4-TCNQ with donor-substituted are promising candidates for PT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Roger
- ICGM, CNRS UMR 5253, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Bretonnière
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Yann Trolez
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, University of Rennes, 35065 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Vacher
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, University of Rennes, 35065 Rennes, France
| | - Imane Arbouch
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Gautier Félix
- ICGM, CNRS UMR 5253, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S2MOs), University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Richeter
- ICGM, CNRS UMR 5253, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Clément
- ICGM, CNRS UMR 5253, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Gerbier
- ICGM, CNRS UMR 5253, ENSCM, University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
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3
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Patil Y, Butenschön H, Misra R. Tetracyanobutadiene Bridged Push-Pull Chromophores: Development of New Generation Optoelectronic Materials. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202200208. [PMID: 36202630 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the design strategies used for the synthesis of various tetracyanobutadiene bridged donor-acceptor molecular architectures by a click type [2+2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) reaction sequence. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the tetracyanobutadiene bridged molecular architectures based on various moieties including diketopyrrolopyrrole, isoindigo, benzothiadiazole, pyrene, pyrazabole, truxene, boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), phenothiazine, triphenylamine, thiazole and bisthiazole are summarized. Further, we discuss some important applications of the tetracyanobutadiene bridged derivatives in dye sensitized solar cells, bulk heterojunction solar cells and photothermal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 453552, India.,Present Address: Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR) -, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, 35700, France
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, 453552, India
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4
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Chen W, Lu X, Zhou H. Base‐catalyzed Sulfurative Condensation of 2‐Oxoindoles to Isoindigos Using Elemental Sulfur. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiao‐Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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5
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Zhang Q, Huang J, Wang K, Huang W. Recent Structural Engineering of Polymer Semiconductors Incorporating Hydrogen Bonds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110639. [PMID: 35261083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly planar, extended π-electron organic conjugated polymers have been increasingly attractive for achieving high-mobility organic semiconductors. In addition to the conventional strategy to construct rigid backbone by covalent bonds, hydrogen bond has been employed extensively to increase the planarity and rigidity of polymer via intramolecular noncovalent interactions. This review provides a general summary of high-mobility semiconducting polymers incorporating hydrogen bonds in field-effect transistors over recent years. The structural engineering of the hydrogen bond-containing building blocks and the discussion of theoretical simulation, microstructural characterization, and device performance are covered. Additionally, the effects of the introduction of hydrogen bond on self-healing, stretchability, chemical sensitivity, and mechanical properties are also discussed. The review aims to help and inspire design of new high-mobility conjugated polymers with superiority of mechanical flexibility by incorporation of hydrogen bond for the application in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- CAS key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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6
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Huang S, Ma J, Yi Y, Li M, Cai P, Wu N. Synthesis of orthogonal push-pull chromophores via click reaction of arylynamines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4081-4085. [PMID: 35521652 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a catalyst-free 'click' reaction: metal-free [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retro-electrocyclisation (CA-RE) of arylynamines with the sluggish acceptor tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) to provide orthogonal electron-push-pull light-harvesting small molecules: N-heterocyclic dicyanoquinodimethane-substituted methylene malononitriles. Ynamines are reactive alkynes and tend to induce over-reactions with the CA-RE adducts. The reactivity of arylynamines was balanced properly by ensuring the electron-density of the nitrogen atom was delocalised more over the aromatic rings than the triple bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangping Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Yikun Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shann'xi, 710049, China
| | - Mingtao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shann'xi, 710049, China
| | - Ping Cai
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Na Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK.
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Philippe C, Bui AT, Beau M, Bloux H, Riobé F, Mongin O, Roisnel T, Cordier M, Paul F, Lemiègre L, Trolez Y. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 1,1,4,4-Tetracyanobutadienes Derived from Ynamides Bearing Fluorophores. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200025. [PMID: 35199892 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
1,1,4,4-Tetracyanobutadienes (TCBDs) bearing a large diversity of fluorophores were prepared following a multi-step synthesis. In a crucial last step, all compounds were obtained from the corresponding ynamides, which were particularly suitable for the formation of the TCBDs in the presence of tetracyanoethylene via a [2+2] cycloaddition/retroelectrocyclization step (CA-RE). Several fluorenyl derivatives in addition to phenanthrenyl and terphenyl ones provided ynamide-based TCBDs affording remarkable emission properties covering a large range of wavelengths. Those compounds emit both in solid state and in solution from the visible region to the NIR range, depending on the molecular structures. Quantum yields in cyclohexane reached unforeseen values for such derivatives, up to 7.8 %. A huge sensitivity to the environment of the TCBDs has also been unraveled for most of the compounds since we observed a dramatic fall of the quantum yields when changing the solvent from cyclohexane to toluene, while they are almost non-emissive in dichloromethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Philippe
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Anh Thy Bui
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, 35000, Rennes, France.,Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Maxime Beau
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Hugo Bloux
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - François Riobé
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182 Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Mongin
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Paul
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Loïc Lemiègre
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Trolez
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, 35000, Rennes, France
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8
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Erden K, Dengiz C. 3-Alkynylindoles as Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Electronically Tunable Indole-Based Push-Pull Chromophores. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4385-4399. [PMID: 35230842 PMCID: PMC8938952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In this study, two different classes
of push–pull chromophores
were synthesized in modest to excellent yields by formal [2+2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization
(CA-RE) reactions. N-Methyl indole was introduced
as a new donor group to activate alkynes in the CA-RE transformations.
Depending on the side groups’ size and donor/acceptor characteristics, N-methyl indole-containing compounds exhibited λmax values ranging between 378 and 658 nm. The optoelectronic
properties of the reported D–A-type structures were studied
by UV/vis spectroscopy and computational studies. The complete regioselectivity
observed in the products was elaborated by one-dimensional (1D) and
two-dimensional (2D) NMR studies, and the electron donor strength
order of N-alkyl indole and triazene donor groups
was also established. The intramolecular charge-transfer characteristics
of the target push–pull chromophores were investigated by frontier
orbital depictions, electrostatic potential maps, and time-dependent
density functional theory calculations. Overall, the computational
and experimental results match each other. Integrating a new donor
group, N-alkyl indole, into the substrates used in
formal [2+2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclizations has significant
potential to overcome the limited donor-substituted substrate scope
problem of CA-RE reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Erden
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Dengiz
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Zhang Z, Gou G, Wan J, Li H, Wang M, Li L. Synthesis, Structure, and Significant Energy Gap Modulation of Symmetrical Silafluorene-Cored Tetracyanobutadiene and Tetracyanoquinodimethane Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2470-2479. [PMID: 35080882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of symmetrical tetracyanobutadiene and tetracyanoquinodimethane derivatives with a D-A-D'-A-D structural configuration and silafluorene core (D') were designed and readily synthesized via a [2+2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) reaction. We found that the photophysical properties and HOMO and LUMO energy levels and gaps of the silafluorene derivatives could be profoundly remolded through CA-RE reactions and modulated by varying the peripheral donor units from phenyl, m-dimethoxyphenyl, and N,N-dimethylaniline to triphenylamine groups. After CA-RE reactions, the HOMO-LUMO gaps of 1a-1j are in the range of 1.75-2.78 eV, with significant decreases of 0.52-1.46 eV compared to those of the parent silafluorene compounds 2a-2j. The intriguing crystal structures of 1f and 1j were analyzed and elucidated to show their unique potential porosity. The stability, electrochemical, and computational studies were systematically performed to unveil the reshaped electron-donating and -withdrawing nature in one molecular system. 1h-1j with peripherally strong amino donors exhibit an intense and broad intramolecular charge transfer absorption band in the near-infrared region from 550 to 900 nm. The molecular design and synthesis reported here broaden the types and fields of D-A molecular systems for potential applications in organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoling Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Gaozhang Gou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Liangchun Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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10
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Kiss FL, Corbet BP, Simeth NA, Feringa BL, Crespi S. Predicting the substituent effects in the optical and electrochemical properties of N,N'-substituted isoindigos. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:927-938. [PMID: 34227039 PMCID: PMC8550769 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isoindigo, the structural isomer of the well-known dye indigo, has seen a major revival recently because of the increasing interest of its use as a potential drug core structure and for the development of organic photovoltaic materials. Highly beneficial for diverse applications are its facile synthesis, straightforward functionalisation and the broad absorption band in the visible range. Moreover, its intrinsic electron deficiency renders isoindigo a promising acceptor structure in bulk heterojunction architectures. Here we present new insights into the substituent effects of N-functionalised isoindigos, developing a reliable and fast in silico screening approach of a library of compounds. Using experimental UV-Vis and electrochemical data increased the accuracy of the TD-DFT method employed. This procedure allowed us to accurately predict the optical and electrochemical properties of N-functionalised isoindigos and the elucidation of the relationship between substituent effects and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand L Kiss
- Faculty for Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Brian P Corbet
- Faculty for Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Faculty for Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Faculty for Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Faculty for Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Tailoring optoelectronic properties of thieno[3,2-b]thiophene comprising homopolymers via electron acceptor moieties: thienopyrrolodione, 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole, isoindigo. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Bogdanov AV, Voloshina AD, Sapunova AS, Kulik NV, Mironov VF. Effect of Structure of 1-Substituted Isatins on Direction of Their Reactions with Some Acetohydrazide Ammonium Derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220090029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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