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Kumar A, Iyer S, Barua S, Brean J, Besic E, Seal P, Dall’Osto M, Beddows DCS, Sarnela N, Jokinen T, Sipilä M, Harrison RM, Rissanen M. Direct Measurements of Covalently Bonded Sulfuric Anhydrides from Gas-Phase Reactions of SO 3 with Acids under Ambient Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15562-15575. [PMID: 38771742 PMCID: PMC11157540 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur trioxide (SO3) is an important oxide of sulfur and a key intermediate in the formation of sulfuric acid (H2SO4, SA) in the Earth's atmosphere. This conversion to SA occurs rapidly due to the reaction of SO3 with a water dimer. However, gas-phase SO3 has been measured directly at concentrations that are comparable to that of SA under polluted mega-city conditions, indicating gaps in our current understanding of the sources and fates of SO3. Its reaction with atmospheric acids could be one such fate that can have significant implications for atmospheric chemistry. In the present investigation, laboratory experiments were conducted in a flow reactor to generate a range of previously uncharacterized condensable sulfur-containing reaction products by reacting SO3 with a set of atmospherically relevant inorganic and organic acids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Specifically, key inorganic acids known to be responsible for most ambient new particle formation events, iodic acid (HIO3, IA) and SA, are observed to react promptly with SO3 to form iodic sulfuric anhydride (IO3SO3H, ISA) and disulfuric acid (H2S2O7, DSA). Carboxylic sulfuric anhydrides (CSAs) were observed to form by the reaction of SO3 with C2 and C3 monocarboxylic (acetic and propanoic acid) and dicarboxylic (oxalic and malonic acid)-carboxylic acids. The formed products were detected by a nitrate-ion-based chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer (NO3--CI-APi-TOF; NO3--CIMS). Quantum chemical methods were used to compute the relevant SO3 reaction rate coefficients, probe the reaction mechanisms, and model the ionization chemistry inherent in the detection of the products by NO3--CIMS. Additionally, we use NO3--CIMS ambient data to report that significant concentrations of SO3 and its acid anhydride reaction products are present under polluted, marine and polar, and volcanic plume conditions. Considering that these regions are rich in the acid precursors studied here, the reported reactions need to be accounted for in the modeling of atmospheric new particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Siddharth Iyer
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Shawon Barua
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - James Brean
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Emin Besic
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Prasenjit Seal
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Manuel Dall’Osto
- Institute
of Marine Science, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(CSIC), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - David C. S. Beddows
- National
Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental
Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Climate &
Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), The
Cyprus Institute, P.O. Box 27456, Nicosia 1645, Cyprus
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty
of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Roy M. Harrison
- School
of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Matti Rissanen
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural
Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Aswathi J, Janardanan D. Generation of 3-aminopropanamide and its cluster formation with nucleation precursors- a theoretical exploration. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141630. [PMID: 38462185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Aminoamides are formed in the atmospheric environments by the auto-oxidation of the parent diamines. In this work, the oxidation chemistry of diamine (1,3-Diaminopropane, Dap) to the amino amide (3- aminopropanamide, 3-APA) and its new particle formation potential with small atmospheric molecules such as NH3 (A), H2O (W) and H2SO4 (SA) are theoretically investigated using the M062X/6-311++G** theory. The bimolecular rate coefficient of the ·OH initiated H-atom abstraction is computed to be 1.01 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Further reaction of the peroxy radical intermediate indicates that the pathway involving γ H- shift of the initially formed radical intermediates to be more favourable on kinetic grounds with the effective bimolecular rate coefficient of 3.87 × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1s-1. The thermodynamic barrier associated with the H-shifts involved in this pathway is in the range of 13-20 kcal/mol. The cluster formation of APA with SA is more favourable than the clusters with W and A, wherein the free energy of formation of (APA)(SA) and (APA)(SA)2 are -11.3 and -22.6 kcal/mol, respectively. However, the feasibility of cluster formation with W and A increases with the altitude and becomes spontaneous in the case of water at an altitude of 12 km. The present work indicates that aminoamides like 3-APA can participate in the initial stages of new particle formation events by forming clusters with SA molecules. The scattering parameters and topological analysis of different (Amide)(SA) clusters indicate more scattering properties for the (APA)(SA) cluster, which has an adverse effect on the atmosphere. Furthermore, topological analysis indicates that H-bond formation is more prominent in the (APA)(SA) cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aswathi
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India
| | - Deepa Janardanan
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India.
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Cheng Y, Ding C, Wang H, Zhang T, Wang R, Muthiah B, Xu H, Zhang Q, Jiang M. Significant influence of water molecules on the SO 3 + HCl reaction in the gas phase and at the air-water interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28885-28894. [PMID: 37853821 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The products resulting from the reactions between atmospheric acids and SO3 have a catalytic effect on the formation of new particles in aerosols. However, the SO3 + HCl reaction in the gas-phase and at the air-water interface has not been considered. Herein, this reaction was explored exhaustively by using high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations. The quantum calculations show that the gas-phase reaction of SO3 + HCl is highly unlikely to occur under atmospheric conditions with a high energy barrier of 22.6 kcal mol-1. H2O and (H2O)2 play obvious catalytic roles in reducing the energy barrier of the SO3 + HCl reaction by over 18.2 kcal mol-1. The atmospheric lifetimes of SO3 show that the (H2O)2-assisted reaction dominates over the H2O-assisted reaction within the altitude range of 0-5 km, whereas the H2O-assisted reaction is more favorable within an altitude range of 10-50 km. BOMD simulations show that H2O-induced formation of the ClSO3-⋯H3O+ ion pair and HCl-assisted formation of the HSO4-⋯H3O+ ion pair were identified at the air-water interface. These routes followed a stepwise reaction mechanism and proceeded at a picosecond time scale. Interestingly, the formed ClSO3H in the gas phase has a tendency to aggregate with sulfuric acids, ammonias, and water molecules to form stable clusters within 40 ns simulation time, while the interfacial ClSO3- and H3O+ can attract H2SO4, NH3, and HNO3 for particle formation from the gas phase to the water surface. Thus, this work will not only help in understanding the SO3 + HCl reaction driven by water molecules in the gas-phase and at the air-water interface, but it will also provide some potential routes of aerosol formation from the reaction between SO3 and inorganic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Ding
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Tianlei Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | | | - Haitong Xu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
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Oliveira TSD, Ghosh A, Chaudhuri P. Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions of Malic Acid with Common Atmospheric Bases. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3551-3559. [PMID: 37102248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Malic acid (MA) (C4H6O5) is one of the most important organic constituents of fruits that is widely used in food and beverage industries. It is also detected in the atmospheric aerosol samples collected in different parts of the world. Considering the fact that secondary organic aerosols have adverse impacts on the global atmosphere and climate and a molecular-level understanding of the compositions and formation mechanism of secondary organic aerosols is necessary, we have performed systematic density functional electronic structure calculations to investigate the hydrogen-bonding interactions between MA and several naturally occurring nitrogen-containing atmospheric bases such as ammonia and amines that are derived from ammonia by the substitution of hydrogens by a methyl group. The base molecules were allowed to interact with the carboxylic COOH and the hydroxyl-OH group of the MA separately. While at both sites, MA produces energetically stable binary complexes with bases with large negative values of binding energy, the thermodynamical stability, at an ambient temperature and pressure of 298.15 K and 1 atm, respectively, is favored only for the clusters formed at the COOH site. A much larger red shift of the carboxylic-OH stretch than that of the hydroxyl-OH reinforces the preference of this site for cluster formation. Both the binding electronic energy and binding free energy of MA-ammonia complexes are lower than those of MA-amine complexes, although the amines are derivatives of NH3. The large increase in the Rayleigh activities upon cluster formation indicates that the MA-atmospheric base cluster may interact strongly with solar radiation. The detailed analysis of the structural, energetic, electrical, and spectroscopic properties of the binary complexes formed by MA with atmospheric bases shows that MA could participate in the atmospheric nucleation processes and subsequently contribute effectively to new particle formation in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angsula Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil
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Zhang X, Tan S, Chen X, Yin S. Computational chemistry of cluster: Understanding the mechanism of atmospheric new particle formation at the molecular level. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136109. [PMID: 36007737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF), which exerts significant influence over human health and global climate, has been a hot topic and rapidly expands field of research in the environmental and atmospheric chemistry recent years. Generally, NPF contains two processes: formation of critical nucleus and further growth of the nucleus. However, due to the complexity of the atmospheric nucleation, which is a multicomponent process, formation of critical clusters as well as their growth is still connected to large uncertainties. Detection limits of instruments in measuring specific gaseous aerosol precursors and chemical compositions at the molecular level call for computational studies. Computational chemistry could effectively compensate the deficiency of laboratory experiments as well as observations and predict the nucleation mechanisms. We review the present theoretical literatures that discuss nucleation mechanism of atmospheric clusters. Focus of this review is on different nucleation systems involving sulfur-containing species, nitrogen-containing species and iodine-containing species. We hope this review will provide a deep insight for the molecular interaction of nucleation precursors and reveal nucleation mechanism at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shendong Tan
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Shi Yin
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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Medeiros FS, Mota C, Chaudhuri P. Perfluoropropionic Acid-Driven Nucleation of Atmospheric Molecules under Ambient Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8449-8458. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Soares Medeiros
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus69080-900, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Cicero Mota
- Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus69080-900, Amazonas, Brazil
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7
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Long B, Xia Y, Bao JL, Carmona-García J, Gómez Martín JC, Plane JMC, Saiz-Lopez A, Roca-Sanjuán D, Francisco JS. Reaction of SO 3 with HONO 2 and Implications for Sulfur Partitioning in the Atmosphere. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9172-9177. [PMID: 35576167 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur trioxide is a critical intermediate for the sulfur cycle and the formation of sulfuric acid in the atmosphere. The traditional view is that sulfur trioxide is removed by water vapor in the troposphere. However, the concentration of water vapor decreases significantly with increasing altitude, leading to longer atmospheric lifetimes of sulfur trioxide. Here, we utilize a dual-level strategy that combines transition state theory calculated at the W2X//DF-CCSD(T)-F12b/jun'-cc-pVDZ level, with variational transition state theory with small-curvature tunneling from direct dynamics calculations at the M08-HX/MG3S level. We also report the pressure-dependent rate constants calculated using the system-specific quantum Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel (SS-QRRK) theory. The present findings show that falloff effects in the SO3 + HONO2 reaction are pronounced below 1 bar. The SO3 + HONO2 reaction can be a potential removal reaction for SO3 in the stratosphere and for HONO2 in the troposphere, because the reaction can potentially compete well with the SO3 + 2H2O reaction between 25 and 35 km, as well as the OH + HONO2 reaction. The present findings also suggest an unexpected new product from the SO3 + HONO2 reaction, which, although very short-lived, would have broad implications for understanding the partitioning of sulfur in the stratosphere and the potential for the SO3 reaction with organic acids to generate organosulfates without the need for heterogeneous chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Long
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Junwei Lucas Bao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Javier Carmona-García
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, València 46071, Spain.,Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | - John M C Plane
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, U.K
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, València 46071, Spain
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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