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Liu C, Zhao J, Chen J, Wang M, Hou M, Yang L. Regulated stepwise ESDPT mechanism associated with chalcogen substitutions in BDIBD derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6335-6344. [PMID: 38314844 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the brilliant photochemical and photophysical properties of organic molecules containing chalcogenide substitutions that could be potentially applied across various disciplines, in this work, the effects of the atomic electronegativity of chalcogens (O, S, and Se) on hydrogen bond interactions and excited state proton transfer (ESPT) are mainly focused. We present characteristic oxygen-hydroxybenzazole-substituted 2,5-bis(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol (BDIBD) derivatives that contain intramolecular double hydrogen bonds. The main objective of this study was to explore in detail the influence of the change of chalcogen atomic electronegativity on dual hydrogen bond interaction and ESPT behavior. By comparing the structural changes and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra of BDIBD derivative (BDIBD-O, BDIBD-S and BDIBD-Se) fluorophores in S0 and S1 states, combined with the preliminary detection of hydrogen bond interaction via the core-valence bifurcation (CVB) index and predicted hydrogen bonding energy (EHB), we conclude that dual hydrogen bonds should be strengthened in the S1 state, which is favorable for the occurrence of ESPT reactions. The charge recombination behavior of hydrogen bonds, induced by photoexcitation, further illustrates this point. By constructing potential energy surfaces (PESs) based on restrictive optimization and by searching the transition state (TS) structure, we finally elucidate stepwise excited-state double proton transfer (ESDPT). Specifically, we confirm that a change in atomic electronegativity has a regulatory effect on the ESDPT behavior in BDIBD derivatives, that is, lower atomic electronegativity is more conducive to stepwise ESDPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Jiahe Chen
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Mingwei Wang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Mengmeng Hou
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Liang Yang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
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Wang JK, Wang CH, Wu CC, Chang KH, Wang CH, Liu YH, Chen CT, Chou PT. Hydrogen-Bonded Thiol Undergoes Unconventional Excited-State Intramolecular Proton-Transfer Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3125-3135. [PMID: 38288596 PMCID: PMC10859960 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The chapter on the thiol-related hydrogen bond (H-bond) and its excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) reaction was recently opened where compound 4'-diethylamino-3-mercaptoflavone (3NTF) undergoes ESIPT in both cyclohexane solution and solid, giving a 710 nm tautomer emission with an anomalously large Stokes shift of 12,230 cm-1. Considering the thiol H-bond to be unconventional compared to the conventional Pauling-type -OH or -NH H-bond, it is thus essential and timely to probe its fundamental difference between their ESIPT. However, thiol-associated ESIPT tends to be nonemissive due to the dominant nπ* character of the tautomeric lowest excited state. Herein, based on the 3-mercaptoflavone scaffold and π-elongation concept, a new series of 4'-substituted-7-diethylamino-3-mercaptoflavones, NTFs, was designed and synthesized with varied H-bond strength and 690-720 nm tautomeric emission upon ultraviolet (UV) excitation in cyclohexane. The order of their H-bonding strength was experimentally determined to be N-NTF < O-NTF < H-NTF < F-NTF, while the rate of -SH ESIPT measured by fluorescence upconversion was F-NTF (398 fs)-1 < H-NTF (232 fs)-1 < O-NTF (123 fs)-1 < N-NTF (101 fs)-1 in toluene. Unexpectedly, the strongest H-bonded F-NTF gives the slowest ESIPT, which does not conform to the traditional ESIPT model. The results are rationalized by the trend of carbonyl oxygen basicity rather than -SH acidity. Namely, the thiol acidity relevant to the H-bond strength plays a minor role in the driving force of ESIPT. Instead, the proton-accepting strength governs ESIPT. That is to say, the noncanonical thiol H-bonding system undergoes an unconventional type of ESIPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kai Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of
China
| | - Chih-Hsing Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of
China
| | - Chi-Chi Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of
China
| | - Kai-Hsin Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of
China
| | - Chun-Hsiang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of
China
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of
China
| | - Chao-Tsen Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of
China
- Center
for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of
China
- Center
for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Gu H, Wang W, Wu W, Wang M, Liu Y, Jiao Y, Wang F, Wang F, Chen X. Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based fluorescent probes for biomarker detection: design, mechanism, and application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2056-2071. [PMID: 36723346 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06556h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are essential in biology, physiology, and pharmacology; thus, their detection is of extensive importance. Fluorescent probes provide effective tools for detecting biomarkers exactly. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), one of the significant photophysical processes that possesses specific photoisomerization between Keto and Enol forms, can effectively avoid annoying interference from the background with a large Stokes shift. Hence, ESIPT is an excellent choice for biomarker monitoring. Based on the ESIPT process, abundant probes were designed and synthesized using three major design methods. In this review, we conclude probes for 14 kinds of biomarkers based on ESIPT explored in the past five years, summarize these general design methods, and highlight their application for biomarker detection in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Wenyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Maolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yongrong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yanjun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Soto J. Photochemistry of 1-Phenyl-1-diazopropane and Its Diazirine Isomer: A CASSCF and MS-CASPT2 Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8372-8379. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Soto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Luminescent Zn Halide Complexes with 2-(2-Aminophenyl)benzothiazole Derivatives. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10090138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a comparative study of coordination behaviour of 2-(2-aminophenyl)benzothiazole (NH2-pbt) and its phosphorus-containing derivative, α-aminophosphine oxide (PCNH-pbt), towards zinc halides. The corresponding coordination compounds [Zn(L)2Hal2] (L = PCNH-pbt, Hal = Cl, 1 and Hal = Br, 2) and [Zn(L’)Hal2] (L’ = NH2-pbt, Hal = Cl, 3 and Hal = Br, 4) were obtained as single phases. As evidenced by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, L’ ligand coordinates to Zn in a chelate manner via two N atoms. Despite a similar coordination mode in complexes 3 and 4, the spatial geometry of the ligand differs notably, which implies a relatively high flexibility of NH2-pbt. The L ligand exhibits another coordination mode, binding with Zn only via the oxygen of the P=O group. The differences in the structures of NH2-pbt, 3 and 4, and their counterparts, PCNH-pbt, 1 and 2, induce differences in their solid-state photoluminescence properties. The former group of the compounds exhibits conventional single-band emission, while the latter group reveals two bands. The minor band at 450 nm is ascribed to a radiative transition for the regular amine species, while the major band at 520–550 nm can be associated either with the proton-transferred imine species (ESIPT mechanism) or with a charge transfer state (TICT) with a different geometry.
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Tao M, Li Y, Huang Q, Zhao H, Lan J, Wan Y, Kuang Z, Xia A. Correlation between Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Electron Population on Proton Donor/Acceptor in 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)oxazole Derivatives. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4486-4494. [PMID: 35574839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modulating the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction to achieve anticipant performance is always fascinating for chemists. However, feasible methods and a definite mechanism for tuning the ESIPT reaction remain insufficient. In this work, we reported the feasibility of continuously modulating the ESIPT dynamics in 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)oxazole (HPO) derivatives with different substitutions on the positions 5 and 5' of the core HPO through steady-state/transient spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. We found that the main factor affecting the tendency of the ESIPT reaction is the variation of electron population on proton donor and acceptor. An index Δpdif was proposed to evaluate the overall promotion effect on proton transfer caused by the variation of electron population on proton donor and acceptor, which shows high reliability in interpreting the ESIPT tendency. This method, for its capacity to quickly estimate the tendency of ESIPT, shows great potential in ESIPT molecular design with chemical substitution of electron-donating/withdrawing moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Quan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Andong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
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Suzuki N, Kubota T, Ando N, Yamaguchi S. Photobase-Driven Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) in a Strapped π-Electron System. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103584. [PMID: 34841575 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report a new design strategy for an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorophore that can be used in acidic media. A photobasic pyridine-centered donor-acceptor-donor-type fluorophore is combined with a basic trialkylamine "strap". In the presence of an acid, protonation occurs predominantly at the amine moiety in the ground state. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a pre-organized intramolecular hydrogen-bonded structure between the resulting ammonium moiety and the pyridine ring. Upon excitation, the intramolecular charge-transfer transition increases the basicity of the pyridine moiety in the excited state, resulting in proton transfer from the amine to the pyridine moiety. Consequently, the fluorophore takes on a polymethine-dye character in the ESIPT state, which gives rise to significantly red-shifted emission with an increased fluorescence quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kubota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Naoki Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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