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Cao W, Hu Z, Sun H, Wang XB. Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Computational Study on Microsolvated [B 10H 10] 2- Clusters and Comparisons to Their [B 12H 12] 2- Analogues. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:6981-6988. [PMID: 39112434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c04772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Microhydrated closo-boranes have attracted great interest due to their superchaotropic activity related to the well-known Hofmeister effect and important applications in biomedical and battery fields. In this work, we report a combined negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical investigation on hydrated closo-decaborate clusters [B10H10]2-·nH2O (n = 1-7) with a direct comparison to their analogues [B12H12]2-·nH2O and free water clusters. A single H2O molecule is found to be sufficient to stabilize the intrinsically unstable [B10H10]2- dianion. The first two water molecules strongly interact with the solute forming B-H···H-O dihydrogen bonds while additional water molecules show substantially reduced binding energies. Unlike [B12H12]2-·nH2O possessing a highly structured water network with the attached H2O molecules arranged in a unified pattern by maximizing B-H···H-O dihydrogen bonding, distinct structural arrangements of the water clusters within [B10H10]2-·nH2O are achieved with the water cluster networks from trimer to heptamer resembling free water clusters. Such a distinct difference arises from the variations in size, symmetry, and charge distributions between these two dianions. The present finding again confirms the structural diversity of hydrogen-bonding networks in microhydrated closo-boranes and enriches our understanding of aqueous borate chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zhubin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Cao W, Warneke J, Wang XB. Probing the Electronic Structure of [B 10H 10] 2- Dianion Encapsulated by an Octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3361-3369. [PMID: 38651632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite being an important closo-borate in condensed phase boron chemistry, isolated [B10H10]2- is electronically unstable and has never been detected in the gas phase. Herein, we report a successful capture of this fleeting species through binding with an octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole (omC4P) molecule to form a stable gaseous omC4P·[B10H10]2- complex and its characterizations utilizing negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES). The recorded NIPE spectrum, contributed by both omC4P and [B10H10]2-, is deconvoluted by subtracting the omC4P contribution to yield a [B10H10]2- spectrum. The obtained [B10H10]2- spectrum consists of four major bands spanning the electron binding energy (EBE) range from 1 to 5 eV, with the EBE gaps matching excellently with the energy intervals of computed high-lying occupied molecular orbitals of the [B10H10]2- dianion. This study showcases a generic method to utilize omC4P to capture unstable multiply charged anions in the gas phase for experimental determination of their electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Kawa S, Kaur J, Knorke H, Warneke Z, Wadsack M, Rohdenburg M, Nierstenhöfer M, Jenne C, Kenttämaa H, Warneke J. Generation and reactivity of the fragment ion [B 12I 8S(CN)] - in the gas phase and on surfaces. Analyst 2024; 149:2573-2585. [PMID: 38469706 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02175k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Gaseous fragment ions generated in mass spectrometers may be employed as "building blocks" for the synthesis of novel molecules on surfaces using ion soft-landing. A fundamental understanding of the reactivity of the fragment ions is required to control bond formation of deposited fragments in surface layers. The fragment ion [B12X11]- (X = halogen) is formed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) from the precursor [B12X12]2- dianion. [B12X11]- is highly reactive and ion soft-landing experiments have shown that this ion binds to the alkyl chains of organic molecules on surfaces. In this work we investigate whether specific modifications of the precursor ion affect the chemical properties of the fragment ions to such an extent that attachment to functional groups of organic molecules on surfaces occurs and binding of alkyl chains is prevented. Therefore, a halogen substituent was replaced by a thiocyanate substituent. CID of the precursor [B12I11(SCN)]2- ion preferentially yields the fragment ion [B12I8S(CN)]-, which shows significantly altered reactivity compared to the fragment ions of [B12I12]2-. [B12I8S(CN)]- has a previously unknown structural element, wherein a sulfur atom bridges three boron atoms. Gas-phase reactions with different neutral reactants (cyclohexane, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl amine) accompanied by theoretical studies indicate that [B12I8S(CN)]- binds with higher selectivity to functional groups of organic molecules than fragment ions of [B12I12]2- (e.g., [B12I11]- and [B12I9]-). These findings were further confirmed by ion soft-landing experiments, which showed that [B12I8S(CN)]- ions attacked ester groups of adipates and phthalates, whereas [B12I11]- ions only bound to alkyl chains of the same reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kawa
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Harald Knorke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ziyan Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Myriam Wadsack
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marc Nierstenhöfer
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hilkka Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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Kawa S, Knorke H, Jin J, Rohdenburg M, Asmis KR, Tonner-Zech R, Bernhardt E, Jenne C, Finze M, Warneke J. Binding Properties of Small Electrophilic Anions [B 6 X 5 ] - and [B 10 X 9 ] - (X=Cl, Br, I): Activation of Small Molecules Based on π-Backbonding. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302247. [PMID: 37749942 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Superelectrophilic anions constitute a special class of molecular anions that show strong binding of weak nucleophiles despite their negative charge. In this study, the binding characteristics of smaller gaseous electrophilic anions of the types [B6 X5 ]- and [B10 X9 ]- (with X=Cl, Br, I) were computationally and experimentally investigated and compared to those of the larger analogues [B12 X11 ]- . The positive charge of vacant boron increases from [B6 X5 ]- via [B10 X9 ]- to [B12 X11 ]- , as evidenced by increasing attachment enthalpies towards typical σ-donor molecules (noble gases, H2 O). However, this behavior is reversed for σ-donor-π-acceptor molecules. [B6 Cl5 ]- binds most strongly to N2 and CO, even more strongly than to H2 O. Energy decomposition analysis confirms that the orbital interaction is responsible for this opposite trend. The extended transition state natural orbitals for chemical valence method shows that the π-backdonation order is [B6 X5 ]- >[B10 X9 ]- >[B12 X11 ]- . This predicted order explains the experimentally observed red shifts of the CO and N2 stretching fundamentals compared to those of the unbound molecules, as measured by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy. The strongest red shift is observed for [B6 Cl5 N2 ]- : 222 cm-1 . Therefore, strong activation of unreactive σ-donor-π-acceptor molecules (commonly observed for cationic transition metal complexes) is achieved with metal-free molecular anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kawa
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald Knorke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jiaye Jin
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut R Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner-Zech
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eduard Bernhardt
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Warneke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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Mahfouz N, Ghaida FA, El Hajj Z, Diab M, Floquet S, Mehdi A, Naoufal D. Recent Achievements on Functionalization within closo‐Decahydrodecaborate [B
10
H
10
]
2−
Clusters. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Mahfouz
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Inorganique et Organométallique LCIO Université Libanaise Faculté des Sciences Hadat, Liban
- Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies PRASE Université Libanaise Hadat, Liban
- Institut Charles Gerhardt ICGM Université de Montpellier CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Fatima Abi Ghaida
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Inorganique et Organométallique LCIO Université Libanaise Faculté des Sciences Hadat, Liban
- Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies PRASE Université Libanaise Hadat, Liban
| | - Zeinab El Hajj
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Inorganique et Organométallique LCIO Université Libanaise Faculté des Sciences Hadat, Liban
- Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies PRASE Université Libanaise Hadat, Liban
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles CNRS UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles France
| | - Manal Diab
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Inorganique et Organométallique LCIO Université Libanaise Faculté des Sciences Hadat, Liban
| | - Sebastien Floquet
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles CNRS UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles France
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt ICGM Université de Montpellier CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Daoud Naoufal
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Inorganique et Organométallique LCIO Université Libanaise Faculté des Sciences Hadat, Liban
- Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies PRASE Université Libanaise Hadat, Liban
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