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Zhang Y, Li W, Jiang R, Zhang L, Li Y, Xu X, Liu X. Synthetic Doping of Acenaphthylene through BN/CC Isosterism and a Direct Comparison with BN-Acenaphthene. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12986-12996. [PMID: 36149831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Boron/nitrogen-doped acenaphthylenes, a new class of BN-doped cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were synthesized via indole-directed C-H borylation. The reference molecule BN-acenaphthene was also synthesized in a similar manner. Both BN-acenaphthylene and BN-acenaphthene were unequivocally characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The aromaticities of each ring in BN-acenaphthylenes were quantified by experimental and theoretical methods. Moreover, doping the BN unit into acenaphthylene can increase the LUMO level and decrease the HOMO level, resulting in wider HOMO-LUMO energy gaps. Furthermore, regioselective bromination of BN-acenaphthylene (B-Mes) afforded monobrominated BN-acenaphthylene in good yield. Subsequently, cross-coupling of brominated BN-acenaphthylene gave a series of BN-acenaphthylene derivatives. In addition, the photophysical properties of these BN-acenaphthylene derivatives can be fine-tuned by the substituents on the BN-acenaphthylene scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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2
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Li E, Jin M, Jiang R, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wu X, Liu X. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of BN-Fluoranthenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5503-5508. [PMID: 35730794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Boron/nitrogen-doped fluoranthenes, a new class of BN-doped cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were synthesized via pyrrolic-type nitrogen directed C-H borylation. Regioselective bromination of BN-fluoranthene (3a) gave mono- and dibrominated BN-fluoranthenes. The halogenated BN-fluoranthene (3b) can undergo various of further cross-coupling reactions to deliver a series of BN-fluoranthenes. Moreover, incorporating BN unit in to fluoranthene resulted in a wider HOMO-LUMO energy gaps. The aromaticities of the BN-fluoranthene (3a) were quantified by experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjia Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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3
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Heteroatom effects on aromaticity of five-membered rings in acenaphthylene analogs. J Mol Model 2020; 26:275. [PMID: 32959185 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The pattern of cyclic conjugation was thoroughly studied in the series of N- and P-acenaphthylene derivatives using several different aromaticity indices: the energy effect (ef), multicenter delocalization index (MCI), harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) index, and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS). The Kekulé-structure-based reasoning predicts that there would be no cyclic conjugation in the "empty" five-membered heteroatom-containing rings in the studied molecules. It was found that according to the ef, MCI, and HOMA values, the extent of cyclic conjugation in the pentagonal rings is strongly influenced by the number and mutual arrangement of the hexagonal rings. In addition, it was revealed that in some of the examined molecules, the intensity of cyclic conjugation in the "empty" pentagons is even stronger than that of some hexagonal rings within the same molecule. The obtained results refute what one would expect based on "chemical intuition," which is usually strongly rooted to the Kekulé structures.Graphical abstract.
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4
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Pahlavan F, Hosseinnezhad S, Samieadel A, Hung A, Fini E. Fused Aromatics To Restore Molecular Packing of Aged Bituminous Materials. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Pahlavan
- Division of Research and Economic Development, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Shahrzad Hosseinnezhad
- Division of Research and Economic Development, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Alireza Samieadel
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University 660 S. College Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Albert Hung
- Division of Research and Economic Development, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Elham Fini
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University 660 S. College Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
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5
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Dickens TK, Mallion RB, Radenković S. Assessing the Extent of π-Electron Delocalization in Naphtho-Annelated Fluoranthenes by Means of Topological Ring-Currents. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1445-1450. [PMID: 30668118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The extent of π-electron delocalization in the five-membered rings of 14 naphtho-annelated fluoranthenes has recently been assessed by means of several approaches, including application of the following indices: the energy effect (ef), bond resonance-energy (BRE), multicenter delocalization-energies (MCI), the index arising from the harmonic-oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA), and nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS). The calculated Hückel-London-Pople-McWeeny (HLPM) ("topological") ring-current intensities (TRC) for the five-membered rings of these same structures are here compared with the above-named indices in order to assess how well TRC parallels these other criteria. The indices ef and BRE are the ones that correlate best with TRC, and it is suggested that this is because all three approaches are founded on the Hückel model. TRC does not, however, confirm the proposal that cyclic delocalization in the five-membered rings can be greater than in any of the six-membered rings in this series of conjugated systems. Certain ostensible shortcomings of the NICS approach are discussed, and some doubts are emphasized regarding the legitimacy of associating "ring currents" with "aromaticity".
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Dickens
- University Chemical Laboratory , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , England , U.K
| | - Roger B Mallion
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Kent , Canterbury CT2 7NH , England , U.K
| | - Slavko Radenković
- Faculty of Science , University of Kragujevac , 12 Radoja Domanovića , 34000 Kragujevac , Serbia
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Ogawa N, Yamaoka Y, Yamada KI, Takasu K. Synthesis of π-Extended Fluoranthenes via a KHMDS-Promoted Anionic-Radical Reaction Cascade. Org Lett 2017; 19:3327-3330. [PMID: 28590747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented KHMDS-promoted domino reaction to furnish hydroxyfluoranthenes is described. Biaryl compounds bearing acyl and naphthylalkenyl moieties are transformed into 9-hydroxydibenzo[j,l]fluoranthenes in a single step through the formation of an aromatic and a pentagonal ring system. A variety of fluoranthenes including those with extended π-conjugation, a heteroaromatic ring, and unsymmetrical substituents could be synthesized. Mechanistic studies reveal a unique reaction cascade where KHMDS acts as both a base and a single-electron donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ogawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yousuke Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyosei Takasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Antić M, Furtula B, Radenković S. Aromaticity of Nonplanar Fully Benzenoid Hydrocarbons. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3616-3626. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Antić
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Boris Furtula
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slavko Radenković
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Chaolumen, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Murata Y. Dithieno-Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon with a Pyracylene Moiety: Strong Antiaromatic Contribution to the Electronic Structure. Org Lett 2017; 19:826-829. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaolumen
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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9
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Bhattacharya D, Shil S, Misra A, Bytautas L, Klein DJ. Toward Molecular Magnets of Organic Origin via Anion−π Interaction Involving m-Aminyl Diradical: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9117-9130. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553, United States
| | - Suranjan Shil
- Center
for Atomic Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anirban Misra
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, PIN. 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Laimutis Bytautas
- Department
of Chemistry, Galveston College, 4015 Avenue Q, Galveston, Texas 77550, United States
| | - Douglas J. Klein
- Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553, United States
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Wu J, Zhu J. The Clar Structure in Inorganic BN Analogues of Polybenzenoid Hydrocarbons: Does it Exist or Not? Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3806-13. [PMID: 26467786 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Clar structure of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (PBHs) have attracted considerable interest of both theoretical and experimental chemists since it was proposed in the 1950s. However, it remains unclear whether the Clar structure could exist in inorganic PBHs, the boron nitride (BN) analogues where the alternate boron and nitrogen atoms are used to replace the carbon atoms of PBHs. Here, we carry out thorough density functional theory (DFT) calculations to probe the possibility of Clar structures in BN analogues of PBHs. A strong correlation (r(2) =0.975) between the ring number (n=3-10) of BN analogues of [n]acenes and energy differences between the most and least stable isomers is identified, suggesting the existence of Clar structures in inorganic PBHs. In addition, the slightly weaker correlations in comparison to that (r(2) =0.989) of the organic PBHs is rationalized by the reduced aromaticity, which is revealed by two aromatic indices: ELFπ and SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, P. R. China.
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