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Thomas SP, Singh A, Grosjean A, Alhameedi K, Grønbech TBE, Piltz R, Edwards AJ, Iversen BB. The Ambiguous Origin of Thermochromism in Molecular Crystals of Dichalcogenides: Chalcogen Bonds versus Dynamic Se-Se/Te-Te Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311044. [PMID: 37718313 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
We report thermochromism in crystals of diphenyl diselenide (dpdSe) and diphenyl ditelluride (dpdTe), which is at variance with the commonly known mechanisms of thermochromism in molecular crystals. Variable temperature neutron diffraction studies indicated no conformational change, tautomerization or phase transition between 100 K and 295 K. High-pressure crystallography studies indicated no associated piezochromism in dpdSe and dpdTe crystals. The evolution of the crystal structures and their electronic band structure with pressure and temperature reveal the contributions of intramolecular and intermolecular factors towards the origin of thermochromism-especially the intermolecular Se⋅⋅⋅Se and Te⋅⋅⋅Te chalcogen bonds and torsional modes of vibrations around the dynamic Se-Se and Te-Te bonds. Further, a co-crystal of dpdSe with iodine (dpdSe-I2 ) and an alloy crystal of dpdSe and dpdTe implied a predominantly intramolecular origin of the observed thermochromism associated with vibronic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajesh P Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Ashi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Arnaud Grosjean
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076 (Taiwan)
| | - Khidhir Alhameedi
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas Bjørn E Grønbech
- Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Ross Piltz
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Alison J Edwards
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Bo B Iversen
- Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
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Kawamura S, Sodeoka M. Understanding and Controlling Fluorinated Diacyl Peroxides and Fluoroalkyl Radicals in Alkene Fluoroalkylations. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300202. [PMID: 37522613 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The demand for practical methods for the synthesis of novel fluoroalkyl molecules is increasing owing to their diverse applications. Our group has achieved efficient difunctionalizing fluoroalkylations of alkenes using fluorinated carboxylic anhydrides as user-friendly fluoroalkyl sources. Fluorinated diacyl peroxide, prepared in situ from carboxylic anhydrides, enables the development of novel reactions when used as a radical fluoroalkylating reagent. In this account, we aim to provide an in-depth understanding of the structure, bonding, and reactivity of fluorinated diacyl peroxides and radicals as well as their control in fluoroalkylation reactions. In the first part of this account, the physical properties and reactivity of diacyl peroxides and fluoroalkyl radicals are described. In the subsequent part, we categorize the reactions into copper-catalyzed and metal-free methods utilizing the oxidizing properties of fluorinated diacyl peroxides. We also outline examples and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kawamura
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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McCutcheon JN, Clabo DA. An atoms-in-molecules characterization of the nature of the OO bond in peroxides and nitroxide dimers. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:1278-1290. [PMID: 36732939 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM) method is used to examine the OO bond in peroxides (RO-OR) and nitroxide dimers (R2 NO-ONR2 ), including Fremy's salt. The electron density (ρ), electron kinetic energy density [K(ρ)], and Laplacian of the electron density (∇2 ρ) at bond critical points characterize the nature of the OO bond. The data distinguish OO bonding of two kinds. Large values of ρ and positive ∇2 ρ and K(ρ) suggest that simple peroxides have charge-shift bonds. Nitroxide dimers, with smaller ρ, positive ∇2 ρ, and near-zero K(ρ), show a lack of shared electron density, suggesting there is no conventional OO bonding in these molecules. QTAIM analysis at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory gives results in agreement with valence-bond theory and X-ray diffraction characterizations of peroxide OO bonds as charge-shift bonds. In contrast, CCSD/cc-pVDZ calculations fail to agree with previous results because of an insufficient, single-determinant treatment of the charge-shift bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N McCutcheon
- Department of Chemistry, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, USA
| | - D Allen Clabo
- Department of Chemistry, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, USA
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Putta A, Sykes AG, Sun H. Perfluoroalkylated anthracene endoperoxide: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure analysis, and computational insights. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shaik S, Danovich D, Galbraith JM, Braïda B, Wu W, Hiberty PC. Charge‐Shift Bonding: A New and Unique Form of Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9190401 Jerusalem Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9190401 Jerusalem Israel
| | - John Morrison Galbraith
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Physics, Marist College 3399 North Road Poughkeepsie NY 12601 USA
| | - Benoît Braïda
- Laboratoire de Chimie Theorique Sorbonne Universite, UMR7616 CNRS Paris 75252 France
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Philippe C. Hiberty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR8000, Bat. 349 Université de Paris-Sud 91405 Orsay Cédex France
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Shaik S, Danovich D, Galbraith JM, Braïda B, Wu W, Hiberty PC. Charge-Shift Bonding: A New and Unique Form of Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:984-1001. [PMID: 31476104 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Charge-shift bonds (CSBs) constitute a new class of bonds different than covalent/polar-covalent and ionic bonds. Bonding in CSBs does not arise from either the covalent or the ionic structures of the bond, but rather from the resonance interaction between the structures. This Essay describes the reasons why the CSB family was overlooked by valence-bond pioneers and then demonstrates that the unique status of CSBs is not theory-dependent. Thus, valence bond (VB), molecular orbital (MO), and energy decomposition analysis (EDA), as well as a variety of electron density theories all show the distinction of CSBs vis-à-vis covalent and ionic bonds. Furthermore, the covalent-ionic resonance energy can be quantified from experiment, and hence has the same essential status as resonance energies of organic molecules, e.g., benzene. The Essay ends by arguing that CSBs are a distinct family of bonding, with a potential to bring about a Renaissance in the mental map of the chemical bond, and to contribute to productive chemical diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - John Morrison Galbraith
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Marist College, 3399 North Road, Poughkeepsie, NY, 12601, USA
| | - Benoît Braïda
- Laboratoire de Chimie Theorique, Sorbonne Universite, UMR7616 CNRS, Paris, 75252, France
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Philippe C Hiberty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR8000, Bat. 349, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay Cédex, France
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Lai YS, Pan F, Su YH. Firefly-like Water Splitting Cells Based on FRET Phenomena with Ultrahigh Performance over 12. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5007-5013. [PMID: 29337527 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A firefly-like chemiluminescence reaction was utilized in a ZrO2 nanoparticle matrix of water splitting cells, where the chlorophyll of Lantana camara was used as the major photosensitizer to excite electrons to the conduction band of ZrO2. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was induced by rubrene, a firefly-like chemiluminescence molecule, and Lantana camara chlorophyll combined with 9,10-diphenylanthracene. The ZrO2 nanoparticle film coated by the chlorophyll of Lantana camara and 9,10-diphenylanthracene under chemiluminescence irradiation in 1 M KHCO3 water solution demonstrated the highest photocurrent density (88.1 A/m2) and the highest water splitting efficiency (12.77%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Fei Pan
- Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Schellingstrasse 4, München 80333, Germany
- Physics Department, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Yen-Hsun Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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