1
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Mannouch JR, Kelly A. Quantum Quality with Classical Cost: Ab Initio Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations Using the Mapping Approach to Surface Hopping. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5814-5823. [PMID: 38781480 PMCID: PMC11163471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic dynamics methods are an essential tool for investigating photochemical processes. In the context of employing first-principles electronic structure techniques, such simulations can be carried out in a practical manner using semiclassical trajectory-based methods or wave packet approaches. While all approaches applicable to first-principles simulations are necessarily approximate, it is commonly thought that wave packet approaches offer inherent advantages over their semiclassical counterparts in terms of accuracy and that this trait simply comes at a higher computational cost. Here we demonstrate that the mapping approach to surface hopping (MASH), a recently introduced trajectory-based nonadiabatic dynamics method, can be efficiently applied in tandem with ab initio electronic structure. Our results even suggest that MASH may provide more accurate results than on-the-fly wave packet techniques, all at a much lower computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Mannouch
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast
Imaging, Universität Hamburg and
the Max Planck Institute
for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aaron Kelly
- Hamburg Center for Ultrafast
Imaging, Universität Hamburg and
the Max Planck Institute
for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Korsaye FA, Perrella F, Petrone A, Adamo C, Rega N, Ciofini I. Monitoring Density Redistribution at the Excited State in a Dual Emitting Molecule: An Analysis Based on Real-Time Density Functional Theory and Density Descriptors. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4324-4334. [PMID: 38758031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we computed and analyzed, by means of density-based descriptors, the real-time evolution of both the locally excited (LE) and charge-transfer (CT) excited states for the planar and twisted conformations of the DMABN (4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile) molecule using real-time time-dependent density functional theory (DFT) and three different exchange-correlation energy functionals (EXC) belonging to the same family (the PBE one). Our results based on the analysis of density-based descriptors show that the underlying EXC modifies the evolution in time of the density. In particular, comparing the frequency of density reorganization computed with the three functionals (PBE, PBE0, and LC-PBE), we found that the frequency of electronic interconversion of the individual determinants involved during the dynamics increases from PBE to PBE0 and to LC-PBE. This allows us to show that there is a correlation between the delocalization of the electronic density and the frequency of reorganization. In particular, the greater the mean hole-electron distance during the dynamics, the lower is the frequency of density reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feven-Alemu Korsaye
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fulvio Perrella
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italia
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italia
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Unità di Napoli, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italia
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Rega
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italia
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Unità di Napoli, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italia
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, F-75005 Paris, France
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3
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Hunter KE, Mao Y, Chin AW, Zuehlsdorff TJ. Environmentally Driven Symmetry Breaking Quenches Dual Fluorescence in Proflavine. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4623-4632. [PMID: 38647005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic couplings between several electronic excited states are ubiquitous in many organic chromophores and can significantly influence optical properties. A recent experimental study demonstrated that the proflavine molecule exhibits surprising dual fluorescence in the gas phase, which is suppressed in polar solvent environments. Here, we uncover the origin of this phenomenon by parametrizing a linear-vibronic coupling Hamiltonian from spectral densities of system-bath coupling constructed along molecular dynamics trajectories, fully accounting for interactions with the condensed-phase environment. The finite-temperature absorption, steady-state emission, and time-resolved emission spectra are then computed using powerful, numerically exact tensor network approaches. We find that the dual fluorescence in vacuum is driven by a single well-defined coupling mode but is quenched in solution due to dynamic solvent-driven symmetry breaking that mixes the two low-lying electronic states. We expect the computational framework developed here to be widely applicable to the study of non-Condon effects in complex condensed-phase environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye E Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Yuezhi Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Alex W Chin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Tim J Zuehlsdorff
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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4
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Herbert JM. Visualizing and characterizing excited states from time-dependent density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3755-3794. [PMID: 38226636 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04226j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is the most widely-used electronic structure method for excited states, due to a favorable combination of low cost and semi-quantitative accuracy in many contexts, even if there are well recognized limitations. This Perspective describes various ways in which excited states from TD-DFT calculations can be visualized and analyzed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This includes not just orbitals and densities but also well-defined statistical measures of electron-hole separation and of Frenkel-type exciton delocalization. Emphasis is placed on mathematical connections between methods that have often been discussed separately. Particular attention is paid to charge-transfer diagnostics, which provide indicators of when TD-DFT may not be trustworthy due to its categorical failure to describe long-range electron transfer. Measures of exciton size and charge separation that are directly connected to the underlying transition density are recommended over more ad hoc metrics for quantifying charge-transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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5
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Gómez S, Spinlove E, Worth G. Benchmarking non-adiabatic quantum dynamics using the molecular Tully models. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1829-1844. [PMID: 38170796 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
On-the-fly non-adiabatic dynamics methods are becoming more important as tools to characterise the time evolution of a system after absorbing light. These methods, which calculate quantities such as state energies, gradients and interstate couplings at every time step, circumvent the requirement for pre-computed potential energy surfaces. There are a number of different algorithms used, the most common being Tully Surface Hopping (TSH), but all are approximate solutions to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and benchmarking is required to understand their accuracy and performance. For this, a common set of systems and observables are required to compare them. In this work, we validate the on-the-fly direct dynamics variational multi-configuration Gaussian (DD-vMCG) method using three molecular systems recently suggested by Ibele and Curchod as molecular versions of the Tully model systems used to test one-dimensional non-adiabatic behaviour [Ibele et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2020, 22, 15183-15196]. Parametrised linear vibronic potential energy surfaces for each of the systems were also tested and compared to on-the-fly results. The molecules, which we term the Ibele-Curchod models, are ethene, DMABN and fulvene and the authors used them to test and compare several versions of the Ab Initio Multiple Spawning (AIMS) method alongside TSH. The three systems present different deactivation pathways after excitation to their ππ* bright states. When comparing DD-vMCG to AIMS and TSH, we obtain crucial differences in some cases, for which an explanation is provided by the classical nature and the chosen initial conditions of the TSH simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gómez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Eryn Spinlove
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Theoretical Chemistry - Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Graham Worth
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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6
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Datar A, Gudivada S, Matthews DA. Ab Initio Investigation of Intramolecular Charge Transfer States in DMABN by Calculation of Excited State X-ray Absorption Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37209154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dual fluorescence in 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN) and its derivatives in polar solvents has been studied extensively for the past several decades. An intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) minimum on the excited state potential energy surface, in addition to the localized low-energy (LE) minimum, has been proposed as a mechanism for this dual fluorescence, with large geometric relaxation and molecular orbital reorganization a key feature of the ICT pathway. Herein, we have used both equation-of-motion coupled-cluster with single and double excitations (EOM-CCSD) and time-dependent density functional (TDDFT) methods to investigate the landscape of excited state potential energy surfaces across a number of geometric conformations proposed as ICT structures. In order to correlate these geometries and valence excited states in terms of potential experimental observables, we have calculated the nitrogen K-edge ground and excited state absorption spectra for each of the predicted "signpost" structures and identified several key spectral features that could be used to interpret a future time-resolved X-ray absorption experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avdhoot Datar
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Saisrinivas Gudivada
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Devin A Matthews
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
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7
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Lassmann Y, Hollas D, Curchod BFE. Extending the Applicability of the Multiple-Spawning Framework for Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:12011-12018. [PMID: 36541684 PMCID: PMC9806853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio multiple-spawning (AIMS) describes the nonadiabatic dynamics of molecules by expanding nuclear wave functions in a basis of traveling multidimensional Gaussians called trajectory basis functions (TBFs). New TBFs can be spawned whenever nuclear amplitude is transferred between electronic states due to nonadiabatic transitions. While the adaptive size of the TBF basis grants AIMS its characteristic accuracy in describing nonadiabatic processes, it also leads to a fast and uncontrolled growth of the number of TBFs, penalizing computational efficiency. A different flavor of AIMS, called AIMS with informed stochastic selections (AIMSWISS), has recently been proposed to reduce the number of TBFs dramatically. Herein, we test the performance of AIMSWISS for a series of challenging nonadiabatic processes─photodynamics of two-dimensional model systems, 1,2-dithiane and chromium (0) hexacarbonyl─and show that this method is robust and extends the range of molecular systems that can be simulated within the multiple-spawning framework.
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8
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Avagliano D, Bonfanti M, Nenov A, Garavelli M. Automatized protocol and interface to simulate QM/MM time-resolved transient absorption at TD-DFT level with COBRAMM. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1641-1655. [PMID: 35815854 PMCID: PMC9544370 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a series of new implementations that we recently introduced in COBRAMM, the open-source academic software developed in our group. The goal of these implementations is to offer an automatized workflow and interface to simulate time-resolved transient absorption (TA) spectra of medium-to-big chromophore embedded in a complex environment. Therefore, the excited states absorption and the stimulated emission are simulated along nonadiabatic dynamics performed with trajectory surface hopping. The possibility of treating systems from medium to big size is given by the use of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and the presence of the environment is taken into account employing a hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) scheme. The full implementation includes a series of auxiliary scripts to properly setup the QM/MM system, the calculation of the wavefunction overlap along the dynamics for the propagation, the evaluation of the transition dipole moment at linear response TD-DFT level, and scripts to setup, run and analyze the TA from an ensemble of trajectories. Altogether, we believe that our implementation will open the door to the easily simulate the time-resolved TA of systems so far computationally inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Avagliano
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonfanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Fondazione Human Technopole - Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1 - Area MIND - Cargo 6 - 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Cho KH, Rhee YM. Computational elucidations on the role of vibrations in energy transfer processes of photosynthetic complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26623-26639. [PMID: 34842245 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04615b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coupling between pigment excitations and nuclear movements in photosynthetic complexes is known to modulate the excitation energy transfer (EET) efficiencies. Toward providing microscopic information, researchers often apply simulation techniques and investigate how vibrations are involved in EET processes. Here, reports on such roles of nuclear movements are discussed from a theory perspective. While vibrations naturally present random thermal fluctuations that can affect energy transferring characteristics, they can also be intertwined with exciton structures and create more specific non-adiabatic energy transfer pathways. For reliable simulations, a bath model that accurately mimics a given molecular system is required. Methods for obtaining such a model in combination with quantum chemical electronic structure calculations and molecular dynamics trajectory simulations are discussed. Various quantum dynamics simulation tools that can handle pigment-to-pigment energy transfers together with their vibrational characters are also touched on. Behaviors of molecular vibrations often deviate from ideality, especially when all-atom details are included, which practically forces us to treat them classically. We conclude this perspective by considering some recent reports that suggest that classical descriptions of bath effects with all-atom details may still produce valuable information for analyzing sophisticated contributions by vibrations to EET processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hyun Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Young Min Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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10
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Liang R, Das D, Bakhtiiari A. Protein confinement fine-tunes aggregation-induced emission in human serum albumin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26263-26272. [PMID: 34787133 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Luminogens exhibiting aggregation-induced-emission characteristics (AIEgens) have been designed as sensitive biosensors thanks to their "turn-on" fluorescence upon target binding. However, their AIE mechanism in biomolecules remains elusive except for the qualitative picture of restricted intramolecular motions. In this work, we employed ab initio simulations to investigate the AIE mechanism of two tetraphenylethylene derivatives recently developed for sensitive detection of human serum albumin (HSA) in biological fluids. For the first time, we quantified the ab initio free energy surfaces and kinetics of AIEgens to access the conical intersections on the excited state in the protein and aqueous solution, using a novel first-principles electronic structure method that incorporates both static and dynamic electron correlations. Our simulations accurately reproduce the experimental spectra and high-level correlated electronic structure calculations. We found that in HSA the internal conversion through the cyclization reaction is preferred over the isomerization around the central ethylenic double bond, whereas in the aqueous solution the reverse is true. Accordingly, the protein environment is able to moderately speed up certain non-radiative decay pathways, a new finding that is beyond the prediction of the existing model of restricted access to a conical intersection (RACI). As such, our findings highlight the complicated effects of the protein confinement on the competing non-radiative decay channels, which has been largely ignored so far, and extend the existing theories of AIE to biological systems. The new insights and the multiscale computational methods used in this work will aid the design of sensitive AIEgens for bioimaging and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Debojyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Amirhossein Bakhtiiari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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11
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Gómez S, Soysal EN, Worth GA. Micro-Solvated DMABN: Excited State Quantum Dynamics and Dual Fluorescence Spectra. Molecules 2021; 26:7247. [PMID: 34885829 PMCID: PMC8658867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report a complete analysis by theoretical and spectroscopic methods of the short-time behaviour of 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN) in the gas phase as well as in cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, and water solution, after excitation to the La state. The spectroscopic properties of DMABN were investigated experimentally using UV absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The computational study was developed at different electronic structure levels and using the Polarisable Continuum Model (PCM) and explicit solvent molecules to reproduce the solvent environment. Additionally, excited state quantum dynamics simulations in the diabatic picture using the direct dynamics variational multiconfigurational Gaussian (DD-vMCG) method were performed, the largest quantum dynamics "on-the-fly" simulations performed with this method until now. The comparison with fully converged multilayer multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) dynamics on parametrised linear vibronic coupling (LVC) potentials show very similar population decays and evolution of the nuclear wavepacket. The ring C=C stretching and three methyl tilting modes are identified as the responsible motions for the internal conversion from the La to the Lb states. No major differences are observed in the ultrafast initial decay in different solvents, but we show that this effect depends strongly on the level of electronic structure used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK;
| | | | - Graham A. Worth
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK;
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12
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Song H, Freixas VM, Fernandez-Alberti S, White AJ, Zhang Y, Mukamel S, Govind N, Tretiak S. An Ab Initio Multiple Cloning Method for Non-Adiabatic Excited-State Molecular Dynamics in NWChem. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3629-3643. [PMID: 34014085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recently developed ab initio multiple cloning (AIMC) approach based on the multiconfigurational Ehrenfest (MCE) method provides a powerful and accurate way of describing the excited-state dynamics of molecular systems. The AIMC method is a controlled approximation to nonadiabatic dynamics with a particular strength in the proper description of decoherence effects because of the branching of vibrational wavepackets at a level crossing. Here, we report a new implementation of the AIMC algorithm in the open source NWChem computational chemistry program. The framework combines linear-response time-dependent density functional theory with Ehrenfest mean-field theory to determine the equations of motion for classical trajectories. The multidimensional wave function is decomposed into a superposition of Gaussian coherent states guided by Ehrenfest trajectories (i.e., MCE approach), which can clone with fully quantum mechanical amplitudes and phases. By using an efficient time-derivative based nonadiabatic coupling approach within the AIMC method, all observables are calculated on-the-fly in the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics process. As a representative example, we apply our implementation to study the ultrafast photoinduced electronic and vibrational energy transfer in a pyridine molecule. The effects of the cloning procedure on electronic and vibrational coherence, relaxation and unidirectional energy transfer are discussed. This new AIMC implementation provides a high-level nonadiabatic molecular dynamics framework for simulating photoexcited dynamics in complex molecular systems and experimentally relevant ultrafast spectroscopic probes, such as nonlinear coherent optical and X-ray signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajing Song
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Victor M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD, Bernal, Argentina
| | | | - Alexander J White
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.,Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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13
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Liang R. First-Principles Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulation of Azobenzene Photodynamics in Solutions. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3019-3030. [PMID: 33882676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photoisomerization of azobenzene is a prototypical reaction of various light-activated processes in material and biomedical sciences. However, its reaction mechanism has been under debate for decades, partly due to the challenges in computational simulations to accurately describe the molecule's photodynamics. A recent study (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142 (49), 20,680-20,690) addressed the challenges by combining the hole-hole Tamm-Dancoff Approximated (hh-TDA) density functional theory (DFT) method with the ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) algorithm. The hh-TDA-DFT/AIMS method was applied to first-principles nonadiabatic dynamics simulation of azobenzene's photodynamics in the vacuum. However, it remains necessary to benchmark this new method in realistic molecular environments against experimental data. In the current work, the hh-TDA-DFT/AIMS method was employed in a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics setting to characterize the trans azobenzene's photodynamics in explicit methanol and n-hexane solvents, following both the S1 (nπ*) and S2 (ππ*) excitations. The simulated absorption and fluorescence spectra following the S2 excitation quantitatively agree with the experiments. However, the hh-TDA-DFT method overestimates the torsional barrier on the S1 state, leading to an overestimation of the S1 state lifetime. The excited-state population decays to the ground state through two competing channels. The reactive channel partially yields the cis azobenzene photoproduct, and the unreactive channel exclusively leads to the reactant. The S2 excitation increases the decay through the unreactive channel and thus decreases the isomerization quantum yield compared to the S1 excitation. The solvent slows down the azobenzene's torsional dynamics on the S1 state, but its polarity minimally affects the reaction kinetics and quantum yields. Interestingly, the dynamics of the central torsion and angles of azobenzene play a critical role in determining the final isomer of the azobenzene. This benchmark study validates the hh-TDA-DFT/AIMS method's accuracy for simulating the azobenzene's photodynamics in realistic molecular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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14
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Kretz B, Egger DA. Accurate Molecular Geometries in Complex Excited-State Potential Energy Surfaces from Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:357-366. [PMID: 33284603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of electronic excitations and structural changes in molecules impacts nonradiative decay and charge transfer in the excited state, thus influencing excited-state lifetimes and photocatalytic reaction rates in optoelectronic and energy devices. To capture such effects requires computational methods providing an accurate description of excited-state potential energy surfaces and geometries. We suggest time-dependent density functional theory using optimally tuned range-separated hybrid (OT-RSH) functionals as an accurate approach to obtain excited-state molecular geometries. We show that OT-RSH provides accurate molecular geometries in excited-state potential energy surfaces that are complex and involve an interplay of local and charge-transfer excitations, for which conventional semilocal and hybrid functionals fail. At the same time, the nonempirical OT-RSH approach maintains the high accuracy of parametrized functionals (e.g., B3LYP) for predicting excited-state geometries of small organic molecules showing valence excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kretz
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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15
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Parker SM, Schiltz CJ. Surface hopping with cumulative probabilities: Even sampling and improved reproducibility. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:174109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0024372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10800 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Colin J. Schiltz
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10800 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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16
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Sanchez DM, Raucci U, Ferreras KN, Martínez TJ. Putting Photomechanical Switches to Work: An Ab Initio Multiple Spawning Study of Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7901-7907. [PMID: 32864975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photomechanical switches are light sensitive molecules capable of transducing the energy of a photon into mechanical work via photodynamics. In this Letter, we present the first atomistic investigation of the photodynamics of a novel class of photochromes called donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA) using state-of-the-art ab initio multiple spawning interfaced with state-averaged complete active-space self-consistent field theory. Understanding the Z/E photoisomerization mechanism in DASAs at the molecular level is crucial in designing new derivatives with improved photoswitching capabilities. Our dynamics simulations show that the actinic step consists of competing nonradiative relaxation pathways that collectively contribute to DASAs' low (21% in toluene) photoisomerization quantum yield. Furthermore, we highlight the important role the intramolecular hydrogen bond plays in the selectivity of photoisomerization in DASAs, identifying it as a possible structural element to tune DASA properties. Our fully ab initio simulations reveal the key degrees of freedom involved in the actinic step, paving the way for the rational design of new generations of DASAs with improved quantum yield and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Sanchez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - U Raucci
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - K N Ferreras
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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17
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Nottoli M, Mennucci B, Lipparini F. Excited state Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics through coupling between time dependent DFT and AMOEBA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19532-19541. [PMID: 32844823 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We present the implementation of excited state Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) using a polarizable QM/MM approach based on a time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) formulation and the AMOEBA force field. The implementation relies on an interface between Tinker and Gaussian software and it uses an algorithm for the calculation of QM/MM energy and forces which scales linearly with the number of MM atoms. The resulting code can perform TDDFT/AMOEBA BOMD simulations on real-life systems with standard computational resources. As a test case, the method is applied to the study of the mechanism of locally-excited to charge-transfer conversion in dimethylaminobenzonitrile in a polar solvent. Our simulations confirm that such a conversion is governed by the twisting of the dimethylamino group which is accompanied by an important reorientation of solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Nottoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Lipparini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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18
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Peters LDM, Kussmann J, Ochsenfeld C. A Fermi smearing variant of the Tamm–Dancoff approximation for nonadiabatic dynamics involving S 1–S 0 transitions: Validation and application to azobenzene. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:094104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0016487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens D. M. Peters
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Jörg Kussmann
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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19
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Seritan S, Bannwarth C, Fales BS, Hohenstein EG, Isborn CM, Kokkila‐Schumacher SIL, Li X, Liu F, Luehr N, Snyder JW, Song C, Titov AV, Ufimtsev IS, Wang L, Martínez TJ. TeraChem
: A graphical processing unit
‐accelerated
electronic structure package for
large‐scale
ab initio molecular dynamics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Seritan
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute Stanford University Stanford California USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California USA
| | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute Stanford University Stanford California USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California USA
| | - Bryan S. Fales
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute Stanford University Stanford California USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California USA
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute Stanford University Stanford California USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California USA
| | - Christine M. Isborn
- Department of Chemistry University of California Merced Merced California USA
| | | | - Xin Li
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - Chenchen Song
- Department of Physics University of California Berkeley Berkeley California USA
- Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | | | - Ivan S. Ufimtsev
- Department of Structural Biology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA
| | - Lee‐Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Davis Davis California USA
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute Stanford University Stanford California USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California USA
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20
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Curchod BFE, Glover WJ, Martínez TJ. SSAIMS-Stochastic-Selection Ab Initio Multiple Spawning for Efficient Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6133-6143. [PMID: 32580552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio multiple spawning provides a powerful and accurate way of describing the excited-state dynamics of molecular systems, whose strength resides in the proper description of coherence effects during nonadiabatic processes thanks to the coupling of trajectory basis functions. However, the simultaneous propagation of a large number of trajectory basis functions can be numerically inconvenient. We propose here an elegant and simple solution to this issue, which consists of (i) detecting uncoupled groups of coupled trajectory basis functions and (ii) selecting stochastically one of these groups to continue the ab initio multiple spawning dynamics. We show that this procedure can reproduce the results of full ab initio multiple spawning dynamics in cases where the uncoupled groups of trajectory basis functions stay uncoupled throughout the dynamics (which is often the case in high-dimensional problems). We present and discuss the aforementioned idea in detail and provide simple numerical applications on indole, ethylene, and protonated formaldimine, highlighting the potential of stochastic-selection ab initio multiple spawning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile F E Curchod
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - William J Glover
- NYU Shanghai, 1555 Century Ave., Shanghai 200122, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai 200062, China.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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21
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Seritan S, Bannwarth C, Fales BS, Hohenstein EG, Kokkila-Schumacher SIL, Luehr N, Snyder JW, Song C, Titov AV, Ufimtsev IS, Martínez TJ. TeraChem: Accelerating electronic structure and ab initio molecular dynamics with graphical processing units. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:224110. [PMID: 32534542 PMCID: PMC7928072 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Developed over the past decade, TeraChem is an electronic structure and ab initio molecular dynamics software package designed from the ground up to leverage graphics processing units (GPUs) to perform large-scale ground and excited state quantum chemistry calculations in the gas and the condensed phase. TeraChem's speed stems from the reformulation of conventional electronic structure theories in terms of a set of individually optimized high-performance electronic structure operations (e.g., Coulomb and exchange matrix builds, one- and two-particle density matrix builds) and rank-reduction techniques (e.g., tensor hypercontraction). Recent efforts have encapsulated these core operations and provided language-agnostic interfaces. This greatly increases the accessibility and flexibility of TeraChem as a platform to develop new electronic structure methods on GPUs and provides clear optimization targets for emerging parallel computing architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan S. Ufimtsev
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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22
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Peters LM, Kussmann J, Ochsenfeld C. Combining Graphics Processing Units, Simplified Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory, and Finite-Difference Couplings to Accelerate Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3955-3961. [PMID: 32374606 PMCID: PMC7304892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Starting from our recently published implementation of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) on graphics processing units (GPUs), we explore further approaches to accelerate ab initio NAMD calculations at the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) level of theory. We employ (1) the simplified TDDFT schemes of Grimme et al. and (2) the Hammes-Schiffer-Tully approach to obtain nonadiabatic couplings from finite-difference calculations. The resulting scheme delivers an accurate physical picture while virtually eliminating the two computationally most demanding steps of the algorithm. Combined with our GPU-based integral routines for SCF, TDDFT, and TDDFT derivative calculations, NAMD simulations of systems of a few hundreds of atoms at a reasonable time scale become accessible on a single compute node. To demonstrate this and to present a first, illustrative example, we perform TDDFT/MM-NAMD simulations of the rhodopsin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens
D. M. Peters
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Jörg Kussmann
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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23
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Weir H, Williams M, Parrish RM, Hohenstein EG, Martínez TJ. Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Photoexcited cis-Stilbene Using Ab Initio Multiple Spawning. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5476-5487. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Weir
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Monika Williams
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Robert M. Parrish
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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24
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Kochman MA, Durbeej B. Simulating the Nonadiabatic Relaxation Dynamics of 4-( N, N-Dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN) in Polar Solution. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2193-2206. [PMID: 32083861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The compound 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN) represents the archetypal system for dual fluorescence, a rare photophysical phenomenon in which a given fluorophore shows two distinct emission bands. Despite extensive studies, the underlying mechanism remains the subject of debate. In the present contribution, we address this issue by simulating the excited-state relaxation process of DMABN as it occurs in polar solution. The potential energy surfaces for the system are constructed with the use of the additive quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method, and the coupled dynamics of the electronic wave function and the nuclei is propagated with the semiclassical fewest switches surface hopping method. The DMABN molecule, which comprises the QM subsystem, is treated with the use of the second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)) method with the imposition of spin-opposite scaling (SOS). It is verified that this level of theory achieves a realistic description of the excited-state potential energy surfaces of DMABN. The simulation results qualitatively reproduce the main features of the experimentally observed fluorescence spectrum, thus allowing the unambiguous assignment of the two fluorescence bands: the normal band is due to the near-planar locally excited (LE) structure of DMABN, while the so-called "anomalous" second band arises from the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) structure. The transformation of the LE structure into the TICT structure takes place directly via intramolecular rotation, and is not mediated by another excited-state structure. In particular, the oft-discussed rehybridized intramolecular charge transfer (RICT) structure, which is characterized by a bent nitrile group, does not play a role in the relaxation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Andrzej Kochman
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, University College London (UCL), 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0A, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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25
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Caricato M. Coupled cluster theory in the condensed phase within the singles‐T density scheme for the environment response. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas
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26
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Ibele LM, Curchod BFE. A molecular perspective on Tully models for nonadiabatic dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15183-15196. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01353f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a series of standardized molecular tests for nonadiabatic dynamics, reminiscent of the one-dimensional Tully models proposed in 1990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M. Ibele
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham DH1 3LE
- UK
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27
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Peters LM, Kussmann J, Ochsenfeld C. Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics on Graphics Processing Units: Performance and Application to Rotary Molecular Motors. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:6647-6659. [PMID: 31763834 PMCID: PMC6909237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations of molecular systems require the efficient evaluation of excited-state properties, such as energies, gradients, and nonadiabatic coupling vectors. Here, we investigate the use of graphics processing units (GPUs) in addition to central processing units (CPUs) to efficiently calculate these properties at the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) level of theory. Our implementation in the FermiONs++ program package uses the J-engine and a preselective screening procedure for the calculation of Coulomb and exchange kernels, respectively. We observe good speed-ups for small and large molecular systems (comparable to those observed in ground-state calculations) and reduced (down to sublinear) scaling behavior with respect to the system size (depending on the spatial locality of the investigated excitation). As a first illustrative application, we present efficient NAMD simulations of a series of newly designed light-driven rotary molecular motors and compare their S1 lifetimes. Although all four rotors show different S1 excitation energies, their ability to rotate upon excitation is conserved, making the series an interesting starting point for rotary molecular motors with tunable excitation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens
D. M. Peters
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Jörg Kussmann
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Chair
of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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28
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Perfetto A, Maschietto F, Ciofini I. Following excited states in molecular systems using density-based indexes: A dual emissive system as a test case. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Ibele LM, Nicolson A, Curchod BFE. Excited-state dynamics of molecules with classically driven trajectories and Gaussians. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1665199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea M. Ibele
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK
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30
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Koval P, Ljungberg MP, Müller M, Sánchez-Portal D. Toward Efficient GW Calculations Using Numerical Atomic Orbitals: Benchmarking and Application to Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4564-4580. [PMID: 31318555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of atomic orbitals in Hedin's GW approximation provides, in principle, an inexpensive alternative to plane-wave basis sets, especially when modeling large molecules. However, benchmarking of the algorithms and basis sets is essential for a careful balance between cost and accuracy. In this paper, we present an implementation of the GW approximation using numerical atomic orbitals and a pseudopotential treatment of core electrons. The combination of a contour deformation technique with a one-shot extraction of quasiparticle energies provides an efficient scheme for many applications. The performance of the implementation with respect to the basis set convergence and the effect of the use of pseudopotentials has been tested for the 117 closed-shell molecules from the G2/97 test set and 24 larger acceptor molecules from another recently proposed test set. Moreover, to demonstrate the potential of our method, we compute the thermally averaged GW density of states of a large photochromic compound by sampling ab initio molecular dynamics trajectories at different temperatures. The computed thermal line widths indicate approximately twice as large electron-phonon couplings with GW than with standard DFT-GGA calculations. This is further confirmed using frozen-phonon calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Koval
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Mathias Per Ljungberg
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Moritz Müller
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain.,Centro de Física de Materiales , Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
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31
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Caricato M. CCSD‐PCM Excited State Energy Gradients with the Linear Response Singles Approximation to Study the Photochemistry of Molecules in Solution. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caricato
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kansas 1567 Irving Hill Rd. Lawrence KS 66045 USA
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32
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Xie W, Sapunar M, Došlić N, Sala M, Domcke W. Assessing the performance of trajectory surface hopping methods: Ultrafast internal conversion in pyrazine. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:154119. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5084961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marin Sapunar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nađa Došlić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matthieu Sala
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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33
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Aldaz C, Kammeraad JA, Zimmerman PM. Discovery of conical intersection mediated photochemistry with growing string methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27394-27405. [PMID: 30357173 PMCID: PMC6532651 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04703k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conical intersections (CIs) are important features of photochemistry that determine yields and selectivity. Traditional CI optimizers require significant human effort and chemical intuition, which typically restricts searching to only a small region of the CI space. Herein, a systematic approach utilizing the growing string method is introduced to locate multiple CIs. Unintuitive MECI are found using driving coordinates that can be generated using a combinatorial search, and subsequent optimization allows reaction pathways, transition states, products, and seam-space pathways to be located. These capabilities are demonstrated by application to two prototypical photoisomerization reactions and the dimerization of butadiene. In total, many reaction pathways were uncovered, including the elusive stilbene hula-twist mechanism, and a previously unidentified product in butadiene dimerization. Overall, these results suggest that growing string methods provide a predictive strategy for exploring photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Aldaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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34
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Marefat Khah A, Karbalaei Khani S, Hättig C. Analytic Excited State Gradients for the QM/MM Polarizable Embedded Second-Order Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction for the Polarization Propagator PE-ADC(2). J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:4640-4650. [PMID: 30040882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An implementation of a QM/MM embedding in a polarizable environment is presented for second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory, MP2, for ground state energies and molecular gradients and for the second-order Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction, ADC(2), for excitation energies and excited state molecular gradients. In this implementation of PE-MP2 and PE-ADC(2), the polarizable embedded Hartree-Fock wave function is used as uncorrelated reference state. The polarization-correlation cross terms for the ground and excited states are included in this model via an approximate coupling density. A Lagrangian formulation is used to derive the relaxed electron densities and molecular gradients. The resolution-of-the-identity approximation speeds up the calculation of four-index electron repulsion integrals in the molecular orbital basis. As a first application, the method is used to study the photophysical properties of host-guest complexes where the accuracy and weaknesses of the model are also critically examined. It is demonstrated that the ground state geometries of the full quantum mechanical calculation for the supermolecule can be well reproduced. For excited state geometries, the deviations from the supermolecular calculation are slightly larger, but still the environment effects are captured qualitatively correctly, and energy gaps between the ground and excited states are obtained with sufficient accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Marefat Khah
- Arbeitsgruppe Quantenchemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum D-44801 , Germany
| | | | - Christof Hättig
- Arbeitsgruppe Quantenchemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum D-44801 , Germany
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35
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Modesto-Costa L, Borges I. Discrete and continuum modeling of solvent effects in a twisted intramolecular charge transfer system: The 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN) molecule. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 201:73-81. [PMID: 29734107 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The 4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzonitrile (DMABN) molecule is a prototypical system displaying twisted intramolecular (TICT) charge transfer effects. The ground and the first four electronic excited states (S1-S4) in gas phase and upon solvation were studied. Charge transfer values as function of the torsion angle between the donor group (dimethylamine) and the acceptor moiety (benzonitrile) were explicitly computed. Potential energy curves were also obtained. The algebraic diagrammatic construction method at the second-order [ADC(2)] ab initio wave function was employed. Three solvents of increased polarities (benzene, DMSO and water) were investigated using discrete (average solvent electrostatic configuration - ASEC) and continuum (conductor-like screening model - COSMO) models. The results for the S3 and S4 excited states and the S1-S4 charge transfer curves were not previously available in the literature. Electronic gas phase and solvent vertical spectra are in good agreement with previous theoretical and experimental results. In the twisted (90°) geometry the optical oscillator strengths have negligible values even for the S2 bright state. Potential energy curves show two distinct pairs of curves intersecting at decreasing angles or not crossing in the more polar solvents. Charge transfer and electric dipole values allowed the rationalization of these results. The former effects are mostly independent of the solvent model and polarity. Although COSMO and ASEC solvent models mostly lead to similar results, there is an important difference: some crossings of the excitation energy curves appear only in the ASEC solvation model, which has important implications to the photochemistry of DMABN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Modesto-Costa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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36
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Rankine CD, Nunes JPF, Feixas TWBL, Young S, Wann DA. Structure of 4-(Dimethylamino)benzonitrile Using Gas Electron Diffraction: A New Lease of Life for the Only Gas Electron Diffractometer in the U.K. . J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5656-5665. [PMID: 29870255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The continued demand for gas-phase molecular structures has led to the recommissioning of a gas electron diffractometer, formerly housed at the University of Reading. The gas electron diffractometer, now the only one of its kind in the U.K., is currently housed at the University of York, where it is now used routinely to determine directly structures of isolated molecules in the gas phase. The instrument has been fitted with an air-heated nozzle assembly to increase the range of molecules accessible to study in the gas phase; the efficacy of this assembly is demonstrated in this article via the determination of the gas-phase structure of 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN) at high temperature. A series of complementary theoretical calculations using the B2PLYP DFT functional of Grimme et al. with correlation-consistent basis sets of double, triple, and quadruple-ζ quality are also presented. The agreement between the experimental and theoretical structural parameters attests to the accuracy of the applied theoretical calculations and of our gas-phase structural solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor D Rankine
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD , U.K
| | - João Pedro F Nunes
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD , U.K
| | | | - Stuart Young
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD , U.K
| | - Derek A Wann
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington, York YO10 5DD , U.K
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37
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Mignolet B, Curchod BFE. A walk through the approximations of ab initio multiple spawning. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134110. [PMID: 29626896 DOI: 10.1063/1.5022877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Full multiple spawning offers an in principle exact framework for excited-state dynamics, where nuclear wavefunctions in different electronic states are represented by a set of coupled trajectory basis functions that follow classical trajectories. The couplings between trajectory basis functions can be approximated to treat molecular systems, leading to the ab initio multiple spawning method which has been successfully employed to study the photochemistry and photophysics of several molecules. However, a detailed investigation of its approximations and their consequences is currently missing in the literature. In this work, we simulate the explicit photoexcitation and subsequent excited-state dynamics of a simple system, LiH, and we analyze (i) the effect of the ab initio multiple spawning approximations on different observables and (ii) the convergence of the ab initio multiple spawning results towards numerically exact quantum dynamics upon a progressive relaxation of these approximations. We show that, despite the crude character of the approximations underlying ab initio multiple spawning for this low-dimensional system, the qualitative excited-state dynamics is adequately captured, and affordable corrections can further be applied to ameliorate the coupling between trajectory basis functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Mignolet
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, UR MolSYS, B6c, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Basile F E Curchod
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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38
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39
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Penfold TJ, Gindensperger E, Daniel C, Marian CM. Spin-Vibronic Mechanism for Intersystem Crossing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6975-7025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile F. E. Curchod
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Todd J. Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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41
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Karbalaei Khani S, Marefat Khah A, Hättig C. COSMO-RI-ADC(2) excitation energies and excited state gradients. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16354-16363. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating vertical excitation energies and excited state analytic gradients in solution at COSMO-ADC(2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christof Hättig
- Arbeitsgruppe Quantenchemie
- Ruhr-Universität
- Bochum 44780
- Germany
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42
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Freixas VM, Fernandez-Alberti S, Makhov DV, Tretiak S, Shalashilin D. An ab initio multiple cloning approach for the simulation of photoinduced dynamics in conjugated molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17762-17772. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidimensional wave function: a superposition of Gaussian coherent states guided by Ehrenfest trajectories suited to clone and swap their electronic amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitry V. Makhov
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
- School of Mathematics
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
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43
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Medders GR, Alguire EC, Jain A, Subotnik JE. Ultrafast Electronic Relaxation through a Conical Intersection: Nonadiabatic Dynamics Disentangled through an Oscillator Strength-Based Diabatization Framework. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1425-1434. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R. Medders
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ethan C. Alguire
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amber Jain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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44
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Penfold TJ. Accelerating direct quantum dynamics using graphical processing units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19601-19608. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01473b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The direct dynamics variational multi-configurational Gaussian (DD-vMCG) method is combined with electronic structure calculations accelerated by Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). This is used to identify GPU acceleration will have a significant effect for both ground and excited state simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Penfold
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
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