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Clean Syngas and Hydrogen Co-Production by Gasification and Chemical Looping Hydrogen Process Using MgO-Doped Fe2O3 as Redox Material. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasification converts biomass into syngas; however, severe cleaning processes are necessary due to the presence of tars, particulates and contaminants. The aim of this work is to propose a cleaning method system based on tar physical adsorption coupled with the production of pure H2 via a chemical looping process. Three fixed-bed reactors with a double-layer bed (NiO/Al2O3 and Fe-based particles) working in three different steps were used. First, NiO/Al2O3 is used to adsorb tar from syngas (300 °C); then, the adsorbed tar undergoes partial oxidization by NiO/Al2O3 to produce CO and H2 used for iron oxide reduction. In the third step, the reduced iron is oxidized with steam to produce pure H2 and to restore iron oxides. A double-layer fixed-bed reactor was fed alternatively by guaiacol and as tar model compounds, air and water were used. High-thermal-stability particles 60 wt% Fe2O3/40 wt% MgO synthetized by the coprecipitation method were used as Fe-based particles in six cycle tests. The adsorption efficiency of the NiO/Al2O3 bed is 98% and the gas phase formed is able to partially reduce iron, favoring the reduction kinetics. The efficiency of the process related to the H2 production after the first cycle is 35% and the amount of CO is less than 10 ppm.
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Application of copper(II)-based chemicals induces CH 3Br and CH 3Cl emissions from soil and seawater. Nat Commun 2022; 13:47. [PMID: 35013262 PMCID: PMC8748922 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl bromide (CH3Br) and methyl chloride (CH3Cl) are major carriers of atmospheric bromine and chlorine, respectively, which can catalyze stratospheric ozone depletion. However, in our current understanding, there are missing sources associated with these two species. Here we investigate the effect of copper(II) on CH3Br and CH3Cl production from soil, seawater and model organic compounds: catechol (benzene-1,2-diol) and guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol). We show that copper sulfate (CuSO4) enhances CH3Br and CH3Cl production from soil and seawater, and it may be further amplified in conjunction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or solar radiation. This represents an abiotic production pathway of CH3Br and CH3Cl perturbed by anthropogenic application of copper(II)-based chemicals. Hence, we suggest that the widespread application of copper(II) pesticides in agriculture and the discharge of anthropogenic copper(II) to the oceans may account for part of the missing sources of CH3Br and CH3Cl, and thereby contribute to stratospheric halogen load. Halogenated compounds impact stratospheric ozone. This study suggests agricultural application of Cu(II) chemicals induces abiotic production of methyl bromide and methyl chloride from soil and seawater, contributing to the atmospheric halogen load.
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K N Y, T PD, P S, S K, R YK, Varjani S, AdishKumar S, Kumar G, J RB. Lignocellulosic biomass-based pyrolysis: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131824. [PMID: 34388872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The efficacious application of lignocellulosic biomass for the new valuable chemicals generation curbs the excessive dependency on fossil fuels. Among the various techniques available, pyrolysis has garnered much attention for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (encompasses cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components) into product of solid, liquid and gases by thermal decomposition in an efficient manner. Pyrolysis conversion mechanism can be outlined as formation of char, depolymerisation, fragmentation and other secondary reactions. This paper gives a deep insight about the pyrolytic behavior of the lignocellulosic components accompanied by its by-products. Also several parameters such as reaction environment, temperature, residence time and heating rate which has a great impact on the pyrolysis process are also elucidated in a detailed manner. In addition the environmental and economical facet of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis for commercialization at industrial scale is critically analyzed. This article also illustrates the prevailing challenges and inhibition in implementing lignocellulosic biomass based pyrolysis with possible solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogalakshmi K N
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Poornima Devi T
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, 627007, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sivashanmugam P
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kavitha S
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, 627007, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Yukesh Kannah R
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, 627007, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India
| | - S AdishKumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, University V.O.C College of Engineering, Anna University Thoothukudi Campus, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajesh Banu J
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudy, Tiruvarur, 610005, India.
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Fu Z, Shen Q, Yao C, Li R, Wu Y. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Guaiacol over Ni/La–Modified Hierarchical HZSM‐5. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zewu Fu
- MOE Engineering Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and BioenergyBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Qingru Shen
- MOE Engineering Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and BioenergyBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Chunli Yao
- MOE Engineering Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and BioenergyBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Rui Li
- MOE Engineering Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and BioenergyBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of EducationTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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Yerrayya A, Natarajan U, Vinu R. Fast pyrolysis of guaiacol to simple phenols: Experiments, theory and kinetic model. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Agrawal K, Verma AM, Kishore N. Thermochemical Conversion of Guaiacol in Aqueous Phase by Density Functional Theory. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Agrawal
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam India - 781039
| | - Anand M. Verma
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam India - 781039
| | - Nanda Kishore
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam India - 781039
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Pelucchi M, Cavallotti C, Cuoci A, Faravelli T, Frassoldati A, Ranzi E. Detailed kinetics of substituted phenolic species in pyrolysis bio-oils. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive kinetic model for the pyrolysis and combustion of substituted phenolic species, key components of fast pyrolysis bio-oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pelucchi
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Carlo Cavallotti
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Alberto Cuoci
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Tiziano Faravelli
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Alessio Frassoldati
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Eliseo Ranzi
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
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Furutani Y, Dohara Y, Kudo S, Hayashi JI, Norinaga K. Computational Study on the Thermal Decomposition of Phenol-Type Monolignols. INT J CHEM KINET 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Furutani
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Yuki Dohara
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Shinji Kudo
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Hayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
- Research and Education Centre of Carbon Resources; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Koyo Norinaga
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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