1
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Aniés F, Hamilton I, De Castro CSP, Furlan F, Marsh AV, Xu W, Pirela V, Patel A, Pompilio M, Cacialli F, Martín J, Durrant JR, Laquai F, Gasparini N, Bradley DDC, Heeney M. A Conjugated Carboranyl Main Chain Polymer with Aggregation-Induced Emission in the Near-Infrared. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13607-13616. [PMID: 38709316 PMCID: PMC11100012 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Materials exhibiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) are both highly emissive in the solid state and prompt a strongly red-shifted emission and should therefore pose as good candidates toward emerging near-infrared (NIR) applications of organic semiconductors (OSCs). Despite this, very few AIE materials have been reported with significant emissivity past 700 nm. In this work, we elucidate the potential of ortho-carborane as an AIE-active component in the design of NIR-emitting OSCs. By incorporating ortho-carborane in the backbone of a conjugated polymer, a remarkable solid-state photoluminescence quantum yield of 13.4% is achieved, with a photoluminescence maximum of 734 nm. In contrast, the corresponding para and meta isomers exhibited aggregation-caused quenching. The materials are demonstrated for electronic applications through the fabrication of nondoped polymer light-emitting diodes. Devices employing the ortho isomer achieved nearly pure NIR emission, with 86% of emission at wavelengths longer than 700 nm and an electroluminescence maximum at 761 nm, producing a significant light output of 1.37 W sr-1 m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Aniés
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Iain Hamilton
- KAUST
Solar Center, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S. P. De Castro
- KAUST
Solar Center, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesco Furlan
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Adam V. Marsh
- KAUST
Solar Center, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Valentina Pirela
- POLYMAT
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San
Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Adil Patel
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Michele Pompilio
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K.
- Department
of Engineering, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Università 5, Bolzano, I-39100, Italy
| | - Jaime Martín
- Universidade
da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI, Esteiro, Ferrol, 15471, Spain
| | - James R. Durrant
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST
Solar Center, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Donal D. C. Bradley
- KAUST
Solar Center, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- NEOM
Education, Research, and Innovation Foundation and University Neom, Al Khuraybah, Tabuk 49643-9136, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department
of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
- KAUST
Solar Center, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Zhang X, Rendina LM, Müllner M. Carborane-Containing Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:7-33. [PMID: 38371730 PMCID: PMC10870755 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Carboranes are an important class of electron-delocalized icosahedral carbon-boron clusters with unique physical and chemical properties, which can offer various functions to polymers including enhanced heat-resistance, tuned electronic properties and hydrophobicity, special ability of dihydrogen bond formation, and thermal neutron capture. Carborane-containing polymers have been synthesized mainly by means of step-growth polymerizations of disubstituted carborane monomers, with chain-growth polymerizations of monosubstituted carborane monomers including ATRP, RAFT, and ROMP only utilized recently. Carborane-containing polymers may find application as harsh-environment resistant materials, ceramic precursors, fluorescent materials with tuned emissive properties, novel optoelectronic devices, potential BNCT agents, and drug carriers with low cytotoxicity. This review highlights carborane-containing polymer synthesis strategies and potential applications, showcasing the versatile properties and possibilities that this unique family of boron compounds can provide to the polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louis M. Rendina
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 New South Wales, Australia
- The
University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key
Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 New South Wales, Australia
- The
University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Tahaoğlu D, Usta H, Alkan F. Revisiting the Role of Charge Transfer in the Emission Properties of Carborane-Fluorophore Systems: A TDDFT Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4199-4210. [PMID: 35658432 PMCID: PMC9272399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we performed a detailed investigation of the S1 potential energy surface (PES) of o-carborane-anthracene (o-CB-Ant) with respect to the C-C bond length on o-CB and the dihedral angle between o-CB and Ant moieties. The effects of different substituents (F, Cl, CN, and OH) on carbon- or boron-substituted o-CB, along with a π-extended acene-based fluorophore, pentacene, on the nature and energetics of S1 → S0 transitions are evaluated. Our results show the presence of a non-emissive S1 state with an almost pure charge transfer (CT) character for all systems as a result of significant C-C bond elongation (C-C = 2.50-2.56 Å) on o-CB. In the case of unsubstituted o-CB-Ant, the adiabatic energy of this CT state corresponds to the global minimum on the S1 PES, which suggests that the CT state could be involved in emission quenching. Despite large deformations on the o-CB geometry, predicted energy barriers are quite reasonable (0.3-0.4 eV), and the C-C bond elongation can even occur without a noticeable energy penalty for certain conformations. With substitution, it is shown that the dark CT state becomes even more energetically favorable when the substituent shows -M effects (e.g., -CN), whereas substituents showing +M effects (e.g., -OH) can result in an energy increase for the CT state, especially for partially stretched C-C bond lengths. It is also shown that the relative energy of the CT state on the PES depends strongly on the LUMO level of the fluorophore as this state is found to be energetically less favorable compared to other conformations when anthracene is replaced with π-extended pentacene. To our knowledge, this study shows a unique example of a detailed theoretical analysis on the PES of the S1 state in o-CB-fluorophore systems with respect to substituents or fluorophore energy levels. Our findings could guide future experimental work in emissive o-CB-fluorophore systems and their sensing/optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Tahaoğlu
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
| | - Hakan Usta
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
| | - Fahri Alkan
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
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Ochi J, Yuhara K, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Controlling the Dual-Emission Character of Aryl-Modified o-Carboranes by Intramolecular CH⋅⋅⋅O Interaction Sites. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200155. [PMID: 35170101 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It is still challenging to realize a dual-emission system, in which two luminescent bands simultaneously appear by photoexcitation, in solid with organic dyes due to the difficulty in regulation of electronic properties in the excited state and concentration quenching. o-Carborane is known to be a versatile platform for constructing solid-state emitters since the sphere boron cluster is favorable for suppressing intermolecular interactions and subsequently concentration quenching. Here, we show solid-state dual-emissive o-carborane derivatives. We prepared 4 types of o-carborane derivatives and found dual-emission behaviors both in solution and solid states. By regulating the rotation at the o-carborane unit with the intramolecular Ccage H⋅⋅⋅O interaction, the dual-emission intensity ratios were changed. Finally, it was demonstrated that the overall photoluminescence spectra can be estimated using the binding energy of intramolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Ochi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yuhara
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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5
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Yang X, Zhang B, Gao Y, Liu C, Li G, Rao B, Chu D, Yan N, Zhang M, He G. Efficient Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Pyrene-o-Carborane Heterojunction to Selenoviologen for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Reduction of Alkynes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2101652. [PMID: 34957686 PMCID: PMC8844576 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of pyrene or pyrene-o-carborane-appendant selenoviologens (Py-SeV2+ , Py-Cb-SeV2+ ) for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and reduction of alkynes is reported. The efficient photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from electron-rich pyrene-o-carborane heterojunction (Py-Cb) with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristic to electron-deficient selenoviologen (SeV2+ ) (kET = 1.2 × 1010 s-1 ) endows the accelerating the generation of selenoviologen radical cation (SeV+• ) compared with Py-SeV2+ and other derivatives. The electrochromic/electrofluorochromic devices' (ECD and EFCD) measurements and supramolecular assembly/disassembly processes of SeV2+ and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) results show that the PET process can be finely tuned by electrochemical and host-guest chemistry methods. By combination with Pt-NPs catalyst, the Py-Cb-SeV2+ -based system shows high-efficiency visible-light-driven HER and highly selective phenylacetylene reduction due to the efficient PET process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo‐Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringFrontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054P. R. China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo‐Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringFrontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054P. R. China
| | - Yujing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo‐Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringFrontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054P. R. China
| | - Chenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo‐Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringFrontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054P. R. China
| | - Guoping Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo‐Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringFrontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054P. R. China
| | - Bin Rao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo‐Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringFrontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054P. R. China
| | - Dake Chu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054P. R. China
| | - Ni Yan
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringEngineering Research Center of Transportation MaterialsMinistry of EducationChang'an UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054P. R. China
| | - Gang He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo‐Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Energy and Power EngineeringFrontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054P. R. China
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6
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Aniés F, Qiao Z, Nugraha MI, Basu A, Anthopoulos TD, Gasparini N, Heeney M. N-type polymer semiconductors incorporating para, meta, and ortho-carborane in the conjugated backbone. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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7
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Recent Progress in the Development of Solid‐State Luminescent
o
‐Carboranes with Stimuli Responsivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Ochi J, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Recent Progress in the Development of Solid-State Luminescent o-Carboranes with Stimuli Responsivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9841-9855. [PMID: 32009291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
o-Carborane, a cluster compound containing boron and adjacent carbon atoms, displays intriguing luminescent properties. Recently, compounds containing o-carborane units were found to show suppressed aggregation-induced quenching and intense solid-state emission; they also show potential for the development of stimuli-responsive luminochromic materials. In this Minireview, we introduce three kinds of fundamental photochemical properties: aggregation-induced emission, twisted intramolecular charge transfer in crystals, and environment-sensitive excimer formation in solids. Based on these properties, several types of luminochromism, such as thermos-, vapo-, and mechanochromism, have been discovered. Based mainly on results from recent studies, we illustrate these mechanisms as well as unique luminescent behaviors of o-carborane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Ochi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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9
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Huang R, Liu H, Liu K, Wang G, Liu Q, Wang Z, Liu T, Miao R, Peng H, Fang Y. Marriage of Aggregation-Induced Emission and Intramolecular Charge Transfer toward High Performance Film-Based Sensing of Phenolic Compounds in the Air. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14451-14457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Huijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Rong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
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10
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Martin KL, Smith JN, Young ER, Carter KR. Synthetic Emission Tuning of Carborane-Containing Poly(dihexylfluorene)s. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kara L. Martin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jessica N. Smith
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Young
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Kenneth R. Carter
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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11
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Highly efficient aggregation-induced emission and stimuli-responsive fluorochromism triggered by carborane-induced charge transfer state. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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