1
|
Lin L, Zhang C, Yin L, Sun Y, Xing D, Liu Y, Wang P, Wang Z, Zheng Z, Cheng H, Dai Y, Huang B. A Conductive 3D Dual-Metal π-d Conjugated Metal-Organic Framework Fe 3(HITP) 2/bpm@Co for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309256. [PMID: 38133479 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Although 2D π-d conjugated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit high in-plane conductivity, the closely stacked layers result in low specific surface area and difficulty in mass transfer and diffusion. Hence, a conductive 3D MOF Fe3(HITP)2/bpm@Co (HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene) is reported through inserting bpm (4,4'-bipyrimidine) ligands and Co2+ into the interlayers of 2D MOF Fe3(HITP)2. Compared to 2D Fe3(HITP)2 (37.23 m2 g-1), 3D Fe3(HITP)2/bpm@Co displays a huge improvement in the specific surface area (373.82 m2 g-1). Furthermore, the combined experimental and density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations demonstrate the metallic behavior of Fe3(HITP)2/bpm@Co, which will benefit to the electrocatalytic activity of it. Impressively, Fe3(HITP)2/bpm@Co exhibits prominent and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance (an overpotential of 299 mV vs RHE at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 37.14 mV dec-1), which is superior to 2D Fe3(HITP)2 and comparable to commercial IrO2. DFT theoretical calculation reveals that the combined action of the Fe and Co sites in Fe3(HITP)2/bpm@Co is responsible for the enhanced electrocatalytic activity. This work provides an alternative approach to develop conductive 3D MOFs as efficient electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Lin
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Liwen Yin
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuewen Sun
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Danning Xing
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zeyan Wang
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoke Zheng
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hefeng Cheng
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Q, Zhang D, Wu J, Dai S, Liu H, Lu M, Cui R, Liang W, Wang D, Xi P, Liu M, Li H, Huang L. Cation-Deficient Perovskites Greatly Enhance the Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309266. [PMID: 38019100 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Many perovskite oxides (ABO3 ) are considered the most promising alternatives to noble metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to their high intrinsic activities. However, their electrocatalytic performance is often limited by poor electrical conductivity and low specific surface area. Here an electrochemically induced calcium-leaching process is reported to greatly increase the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of La0.6 Ca0.4 MnO3 (LCMO64). The ECSA of the activated, Ca-deficient LCMO64 is ≈33.84% higher than that of the unactivated materials, demonstrating superior electrocatalytic ORR performance to the benchmark commercial Pt/C catalyst in an alkaline solution. Theoretical analysis coupled with electrochemical surface state probing and pH-dependent microkinetic modeling suggests that this catalyst with the identified most favorable state under ORR operating conditions reaches the Sabatier optimum of alkaline ORR. This reconstructed LCMO64 is among the best-performing ORR catalysts ever reported, providing new insights into the design of advanced perovskite materials with optimal surface chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jiabin Wu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Simin Dai
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Renwen Cui
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenxi Liang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Pinxian Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Meilin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Liang Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu Y, Wang X, Zhu X, Wu Z, Zhao D, Wang F, Sun D, Tang Y, Li H, Fu G. Improving the Oxygen Evolution Activity of Layered Double-Hydroxide via Erbium-Induced Electronic Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206531. [PMID: 36445024 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Layered double-hydroxide (LDH) has been considered an important class of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but the adsorption-desorption behaviors of oxygen intermediates on its surface still remain unsatisfactory. Apart from transition-metal doping to solve this electrocatalytic problem of LDH, rare-earth (RE) species have sprung up as emerging dopants owing to their unique 4f valence-electronic configurations. Herein, the Er is chosen as a RE model to improve OER activity of LDH via constructing nickel foam supported Er-doped NiFe-LDH catalyst (Er-NiFe-LDH@NF). The optimal Er-NiFe-LDH@NF exhibits a low overpotential (191 mV at 10 mA cm-2 ), high turnover frequency (0.588 s-1 ), and low activation energy (36.03 kJ mol-1 ), which are superior to Er-free sample. Electrochemical in situ Raman spectra reveal the facilitated transition of Ni-OH into Ni-OOH for promoted OER kinetics through the Er doping effect. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the introduction of Er facilitates the spin crossover of valence electrons by optimizing the d band center of NiFe-LDH, which leads to the GO -GHO closer to the optimal activity of the kinetic OER volcano by balancing the bonding strength of *O and *OH. Moreover, the Er-NiFe-LDH@NF presents high practicability in electrochemical water-splitting devices with a low driving potential of and a well-extended driving period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information (Hebei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Gengtao Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Y, Helili S, Kerim A. A study of the aromaticity of thia[7]circulene isomers. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2060146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Satewaerdi Helili
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ablikim Kerim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dickens TK, Mallion RB. Calculated Magnetic Properties of a Recently Synthesized Corannulene-Dibenzobistetracene Hybrid. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17404-17408. [PMID: 34735152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Comparison is made between two calculated magnetic properties of a recently synthesized 24-ring corannulene-dibenzobistetracene hybrid (Corannulene-DBT): nuclear independent chemical shifts published by Xu et al. and Hückel-London-Pople-McWeeny (HLPM) ring currents and bond currents that are presented here. There is agreement in 18 of the 24 rings in Corannulene-DBT. This is seen as further evidence that the HLPM approach has a surprising ability to reproduce complex patterns of current in large polycyclic hydrocarbons.
Collapse
|
6
|
Topological Analysis of Magnetically Induced Current Densities in Strong Magnetic Fields Using Stagnation Graphs. CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry3030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stagnation graphs provide a useful tool to analyze the main topological features of the often complicated vector field associated with magnetically induced currents. Previously, these graphs have been constructed using response quantities appropriate for modest applied magnetic fields. We present an implementation capable of producing these graphs in arbitrarily strong magnetic fields, using current-density-functional theory. This enables us to study how the topology of the current vector field changes with the strength and orientation of the applied magnetic field. Applications to CH4, C2H2 and C2H4 are presented. In each case, we consider molecular geometries optimized in the presence of the magnetic field. The stagnation graphs reveal subtle changes to this vector field where the symmetry of the molecule remains constant. However, when the electronic state and symmetry of the corresponding equilibrium geometry changes with increasing field strength, the changes to the stagnation graph are extensive. We expect that the approach presented here will be helpful in interpreting changes in molecular structure and bonding in the strong-field regime.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yusufujiang A, Kerim A. A study on the aromaticity and ring currents of polycyclic neutral oxocarbon isomers. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ablikim Kerim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Orozco-Ic M, Dimitrova M, Barroso J, Sundholm D, Merino G. Magnetically Induced Ring-Current Strengths of Planar and Nonplanar Molecules: New Insights from the Pseudo-π Model. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5753-5764. [PMID: 34161099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pseudo-π model yields current densities and induced magnetic fields that mimic the π-component, allowing investigations of large molecular structures, whether they are planar or not, at a low computational cost but with high accuracy. Herein the π-contribution to the magnetically induced current densities and induced magnetic fields of large planar molecules and nonplanar molecules (such as [10]cyclophenacene and chiral toroidal nanotubes C2016 and C2196) were computed using the pseudo-π model with the gauge-including magnetically induced currents method. Additionally, we provide a way to determine the π-component of the ring-current strengths, which can be used for assessing the aromatic character of large carbon molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesías Orozco-Ic
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yucatan, México
| | - Maria Dimitrova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorge Barroso
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yucatan, México
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yucatan, México
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tuerhong M, Kerim A. A study on the aromaticity and conjugation pathways of diheterodiazuliporphyrins and their dications. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mireguli Tuerhong
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 China
| | - Ablikim Kerim
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tuersun M, Kerim A. A study on the aromaticity and magnetic properties of N-confused porphyrins. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200069. [PMID: 32874619 PMCID: PMC7428255 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, topological resonance energy (TRE) methods were used to describe the global aromaticity of nitrogen confused porphyrin (NCP) isomers. The TRE results show that all NCP isomers exhibit lower aromaticity than the normal porphyrins, and their aromaticity decreases as the number of confused pyrrole rings in the molecule increases. In the NCPs, global aromaticity decreases as the distance between the nitrogen atoms increases. The bond resonance energy (BRE) and circuit resonance energy (CRE) indices were applied to study local aromaticity and conjugated pathways. Both the BRE and CRE indices revealed that individual pyrrolic subunits maintain their strong aromatic character and are the main source of global aromaticity. Ring currents (RC) were analysed using the Hückel-London model. RC results revealed that the macrocyclic electron conjugation pathway is the main source of diatropicity. As the number of confused pyrrole rings in the molecule increases, its diatropicity gradually decreases. In the confused pyrrole rings of the NCP isomers, the diatropic RC passing through the β-positions is always weaker than that passing through the inner sections. This is unrelated to the location of the protonated or non-protonated nitrogen atom at the periphery of the molecule and must be ascribed to the unique properties of the confused pyrrole rings.
Collapse
|
11
|
Irons TJP, Spence L, David G, Speake BT, Helgaker T, Teale AM. Analyzing Magnetically Induced Currents in Molecular Systems Using Current-Density-Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1321-1333. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom J. P. Irons
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, U.K
| | - Lucy Spence
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, U.K
| | - Grégoire David
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, U.K
| | | | - Trygve Helgaker
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Advanced Study (CAS) at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Drammensveien 78, N-0271 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew M. Teale
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, U.K
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Advanced Study (CAS) at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Drammensveien 78, N-0271 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar S, Shukla J, Mandal K, Kumar Y, Prakash R, Ram P, Mukhopadhyay P. Doubly zwitterionic, di-reduced, highly electron-rich, air-stable naphthalenediimides: redox-switchable islands of aromatic-antiaromatic states. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6482-6493. [PMID: 31341600 PMCID: PMC6611073 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00962k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The di-reduced state of the naphthalene moiety and its congeners have long captivated chemists as it is elusive to stabilize these intrinsically reactive electron-rich π-systems and for their emergent multifaceted properties. Herein we report the synthesis and isolation of two-electron (2e-) reduced, highly electron-rich naphthalenediimides (NDIs). A doubly zwitterionic structure is observed for the first time in a naphthalene moiety and validated by single crystal X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods. The synthesis avoids hazardous reducing agents and offers an easy, high-yielding route to bench-stable di-reduced NDIs. Notably, we realized high negative first oxidation potentials of up to -0.730 V vs. Fc/Fc+ in these systems, which establish these systems to be one of the strongest ambient stable electron donors. The study also provides the first insights into the NMR spectra of the di-reduced systems revealing a large decrease in diatropicity of the naphthalene ring compared to its 2e- oxidized form. The NICS, NICS-XY global ring current, gauge-including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) and AICD ring current density calculations revealed switching of the antiaromatic and aromatic states at the naphthalene and the imide rings, respectively, in the di-reduced system compared to the 2e- oxidized form. Notably, the substituents at the phosphonium groups significantly tune the antiaromatic-aromatic states and donor ability, and bestow an array of colors to the di-reduced systems by virtue of intramolecular through-space communication with the NDI scaffold. Computational studies showed intramolecular noncovalent interactions to provide additional stability to these unprecedented doubly zwitterionic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| | - Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| | - Kalyanashis Mandal
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| | - Yogendra Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| | - Ravi Prakash
- School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Dehi 110067 , India
| | - Panch Ram
- School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Dehi 110067 , India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| |
Collapse
|