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Wibowo RE, Garcia-Diez R, Bystron T, van der Merwe M, Prokop M, Arce MD, Efimenko A, Steigert A, Bernauer M, Wilks RG, Bouzek K, Bär M. Elucidating the Complex Oxidation Behavior of Aqueous H 3PO 3 on Pt Electrodes via In Situ Tender X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy at the P K-Edge. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7386-7399. [PMID: 38459944 PMCID: PMC10958492 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
In situ tender X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the P K-edge was utilized to investigate the oxidation mechanism of aqueous H3PO3 on Pt electrodes under various conditions relevant to high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) applications. XANES and electrochemical analysis were conducted under different tender X-ray irradiation doses, revealing that intense radiation induces the oxidation of aqueous H3PO3 via H2O yielding H3PO4 and H2. A broadly applicable experimental procedure was successfully developed to suppress these undesirable radiation-induced effects, enabling a more accurate determination of the aqueous H3PO3 oxidation mechanism. In situ XANES studies of aqueous 5 mol dm-3 H3PO3 on electrodes with varying Pt availability and surface roughness reveal that Pt catalyzes the oxidation of aqueous H3PO3 to H3PO4. This oxidation is enhanced upon applying a positive potential to the Pt electrode or raising the electrolyte temperature, the latter being corroborated by complementary ion-exchange chromatography measurements. Notably, all of these oxidation processes involve reactions with H2O, as further supported by XANES measurements of aqueous H3PO3 of different concentrations, showing a more pronounced oxidation in electrolytes with a higher H2O content. The significant role of water in the oxidation of H3PO3 to H3PO4 supports the reaction mechanisms proposed for various chemical processes observed in this work and provides valuable insights into potential strategies to mitigate Pt catalyst poisoning by H3PO3 during HT-PEMFC operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdus Enggar Wibowo
- Department
of Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Raul Garcia-Diez
- Department
of Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomas Bystron
- Department
of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Marianne van der Merwe
- Department
of Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Prokop
- Department
of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Mauricio D. Arce
- Department
of Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Departamento
Caracterización de Materiales, INN-CNEA-CONICET, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Avenida Bustillo 9500, S. C. de Bariloche, Rio Negro 8400, Argentina
| | - Anna Efimenko
- Department
of Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Energy
Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH
(HZB), Albert-Einstein
Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Steigert
- Institute
of Nanospectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Milan Bernauer
- Department
of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Regan G. Wilks
- Department
of Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Energy
Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH
(HZB), Albert-Einstein
Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karel Bouzek
- Department
of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Marcus Bär
- Department
of Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Energy
Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH
(HZB), Albert-Einstein
Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of X-ray Spectroscopy at Interfaces of Thin Films, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy
(HI ERN), Albert-Einstein-Straße
15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Zhang D, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang M, Zou L, Chi R, Zhou F. The investigation of ion association characteristics in lanthanum sulfate solution by the density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 127:108698. [PMID: 38199066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The ion association behavior in aqueous lanthanum sulfate solutions was investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The structures and properties of [La(SO4)m·(H2O)n](3-2m) clusters, where m = 1 to 3 and n = 1 to 9, were examined at the PBE0/6-311+G(d, p) level. The results show that Lanthanum sulfate hydrated clusters exist in the aqueous solution's microscopic state of contact ion pairs (CIP). [La(SO4)(H2O)n]+ and [La(SO4)2·(H2O)n]-, and [La(SO4)3·(H2O)n]3- clusters approximately reach the saturation of the first water shell at n = 7 and 6 and 3. [La(SO4)2·(H2O)6]- and [La(SO4)3·(H2O)3]3- clusters have lower binding energy than [LaSO4·(H2O)n]+. This indicates that lanthanum sulfate tends to aggregate in an aqueous solution. Compared to the gas-phase cluster structures, the distance of R(La-O)H2O expands in the PCM solvent model, while R(La-O)SO4 contracts. The hydration energy of LaSO4·(H2O)7, La(SO4)2·(H2O)6, and La(SO4)3·(H2O)3 were -76.5, -54.1 and -332.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The molecular dynamics simulation results show that La is more inclined to coordinate with sulfate's oxygen than water's oxygen, and the coordination number of water around La3+ is 6.075. These results are consistent with the calculated results by DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yuefei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Lian Zou
- School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ruan Chi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China; School of Xingfa Mining Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China; School of Xingfa Mining Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China.
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Rajpal A, Huart L, Nicolas C, Chevallard C, Guigner JM, Dasilva P, Mercere P, Gervais B, Hervé du Penhoat MA, Renault JP. Superoxide Production under Soft X-ray Irradiation of Liquid Water. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4277-4285. [PMID: 37140453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Soft X-rays behave like particles with high linear energy transfer, as they deposit a large amount of their energy in the nanometric range, triggered by inner-shell ionization. In water, this can lead to the formation of a doubly ionized water molecule (H2O2+) and the emission of two secondary electrons (photoelectron and Auger electron). Our focus lies on detecting and quantifying the superoxide (HO2°) production via the direct pathway, i.e., from the reaction between the dissociation product of H2O2+, i.e., the oxygen atom (∼4 fs), and the °OH radicals present in the secondary electron tracks. The HO2° yield for 1620 eV photons, via this reaction pathway, was found to be 0.005 (±0.0007) μmol/J (formed within the ∼ps range). Experiments were also performed to determine the yield of HO2° production via another (indirect) pathway, involving solvated electrons. The indirect HO2° yield, measured experimentally as a function of photon energy (from 1700 to 350 eV), resulted in a steep decrease at around 1280 eV and a minimum close to zero at 800 eV. This behavior in contradiction with the theoretical prediction reveals the complexity hidden in the intratrack reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashini Rajpal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
- Sorbonne Université, IMPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint Aubin 91190, France
| | - Lucie Huart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
- Sorbonne Université, IMPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint Aubin 91190, France
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Huart L, Nicolas C, Hervé du Penhoat MA, Guigner JM, Gosse C, Palaudoux J, Lefrançois S, Mercere P, Dasilva P, Renault JP, Chevallard C. A microfluidic dosimetry cell to irradiate solutions with poorly penetrating radiations: a step towards online dosimetry for synchrotron beamlines. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:778-789. [PMID: 33949986 PMCID: PMC8127378 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521002691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation can induce sample damage, whether intended or not. In the case of sensitive samples, such as biological ones, modifications can be significant. To understand and predict the effects due to exposure, it is necessary to know the ionizing radiation dose deposited in the sample. In the case of aqueous samples, deleterious effects are mostly induced by the production of reactive oxygen species via water radiolysis. These species are therefore good indicators of the dose. Here the application of a microfluidic cell specifically optimized for low penetrating soft X-ray radiation is reported. Sodium benzoate was used as a fluorescent dosimeter thanks to its specific detection of hydroxyl radicals, a radiolytic product of water. Measurements at 1.28 keV led to the determination of a hydroxyl production yield, G(HO.), of 0.025 ± 0.004 µmol J-1. This result is in agreement with the literature and confirms the high linear energy transfer behavior of soft X-rays. An analysis of the important parameters of the microfluidic dosimetry cell, as well as their influences over dosimetry, is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Huart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- IMPMC, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, 75005 Paris, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91 192 Saint Aubin, France
| | | | | | | | - Charlie Gosse
- Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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