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Pereira PML, Fernandes BT, dos Santos VR, Cabral WRC, Lovo-Martins MI, Alonso L, Lancheros CAC, de Paula JC, Camargo PG, Suzukawa HT, Alonso A, Macedo F, Nakamura CV, Tavares ER, de Lima Ferreira Bispo M, Yamauchi LM, Pinge-Filho P, Yamada-Ogatta SF. Antiprotozoal Activity of Benzoylthiourea Derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi: Insights into Mechanism of Action. Pathogens 2023; 12:1012. [PMID: 37623972 PMCID: PMC10457850 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, only two nitroheterocyclic drugs have been used as therapeutic agents for Chagas disease. However, these drugs present limited effectiveness during the chronic phase, possess unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, and induce severe adverse effects, resulting in low treatment adherence. A previous study reported that N-(cyclohexylcarbamothioyl) benzamide (BTU-1), N-(tert-butylcarbamothioyl) benzamide (BTU-2), and (4-bromo-N-(3-nitrophenyl) carbamothioyl benzamide (BTU-3) present selective antiprotozoal activity against all developmental forms of Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of these compounds through microscopy and biochemical analyses. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed nuclear disorganization, changes in the plasma membrane with the appearance of blebs and extracellular arrangements, intense vacuolization, mitochondrial swelling, and formation of myelin-like structures. Biochemical results showed changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species content, lipid peroxidation, and plasma membrane fluidity. In addition, the formation of autophagic vacuoles was observed. These findings indicate that BTU-1, BTU-2, and BTU-3 induced profound morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical alterations in epimastigote forms, triggering an autophagic-dependent cell death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Morais Lopes Pereira
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Bruna Terci Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Vitória Ribeiro dos Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Weslei Roberto Correia Cabral
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Maria Isabel Lovo-Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
| | - Lais Alonso
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil; (L.A.); (A.A.)
| | | | | | - Priscila Goes Camargo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Molecules Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.G.C.); (M.d.L.F.B.)
| | - Helena Tiemi Suzukawa
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Antônio Alonso
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil; (L.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Fernando Macedo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Molecules Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.G.C.); (M.d.L.F.B.)
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil;
| | - Eliandro Reis Tavares
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Marcelle de Lima Ferreira Bispo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Molecules Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.G.C.); (M.d.L.F.B.)
| | - Lucy Megumi Yamauchi
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, Department of Immunology, Parasitology and General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
| | - Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (P.M.L.P.); (B.T.F.); (W.R.C.C.); (H.T.S.); (P.P.-F.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (V.R.d.S.); (E.R.T.)
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Hughes K, Le TB, Van Der Smissen P, Tyteca D, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Quetin-Leclercq J. The Antileishmanial Activity of Eugenol Associated with Lipid Storage Reduction Rather Than Membrane Properties Alterations. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093871. [PMID: 37175277 PMCID: PMC10179746 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that still infects thousands of people per year throughout the world. The occurrence of resistance against major treatments for this disease causes a healthcare burden in low-income countries. Eugenol is a phenylpropanoid that has shown in vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania mexicana mexicana (Lmm) promastigotes with an IC50 of 2.72 µg/mL and a high selectivity index. Its specific mechanism of action has yet to be studied. We prepared large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), mimicking Lmm membranes, and observed that eugenol induced an increase in membrane permeability and a decrease in membrane fluidity at concentrations much higher than IC50. The effect of eugenol was similar to the current therapeutic antibiotic, amphotericin B, although the latter was effective at lower concentrations than eugenol. However, unlike amphotericin B, eugenol also affected the permeability of LUVs without sterol. Its effect on the membrane fluidity of Lmm showed that at high concentrations (≥22.5× IC50), eugenol increased membrane fluidity by 20-30%, while no effect was observed at lower concentrations. Furthermore, at concentrations below 10× IC50, a decrease in metabolic activity associated with the maintenance of membrane integrity revealed a leishmaniostatic effect after 24 h of incubation with Lmm promastigotes. While acidocalcisomes distribution and abundance revealed by Trypanosoma brucei vacuolar H+ pyrophosphatase (TbVP1) immunolabeling was not modified by eugenol, a dose-dependent decrease of lipid droplets assessed by the Nile Red assay was observed. We hereby demonstrate that the antileishmanial activity of eugenol might not directly involve plasma membrane sterols such as ergosterol, but rather target the lipid storage of Lmm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristelle Hughes
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 72, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thanh Binh Le
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 72, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Der Smissen
- CELL Unit and PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, B1.75.05, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit and PICT Imaging Platform, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, B1.75.05, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1.73.05, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 72, B1.72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Andriani GM, Spoladori LFDA, Fabris M, Camargo PG, Pereira PML, Santos JP, Bartolomeu-Gonçalves G, Alonso L, Lancheros CAC, Alonso A, Nakamura CV, Macedo F, Pinge-Filho P, Yamauchi LM, Bispo MDLF, Tavares ER, Yamada-Ogatta SF. Synergistic antifungal interaction of N-(butylcarbamothioyl) benzamide and amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1040671. [PMID: 36960287 PMCID: PMC10028264 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1040671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infections worldwide. Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is the main challenge of antifungal therapy due to high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This can be partly attributed to the lack of specific diagnosis difficulty accessing treatment, antifungal resistance and antifungal toxicity. Methods In the present study, the effect of the synthetic thiourea derivative N-(butylcarbamothioyl) benzamide (BTU-01), alone and combined with amphotericin B (AmB), was evaluated in planktonic and sessile (biofilm) cells of C. neoformans. Results BTU-01 alone exhibited a fungistatic activity with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 31.25 to 62.5 μg/mL for planktonic cells; and sessile MICs ranging from 125.0 to 1000.0 μg/mL. BTU-01 caused a concentration-dependent inhibitory activity on cryptococcal urease and did not interfere with plasma membrane fluidity. Molecular docking was performed on Canavalia ensiformis urease, and BTU-01 showed relevant interactions with the enzyme. The combination of BTU-01 and AmB exhibited synergistic fungicidal activity against planktonic and sessile cells of C. neoformans. Microscopic analysis of C. neoformans treated with BTU-01, alone or combined with AmB, revealed a reduction in cell and capsule sizes, changes in the morphology of planktonic cells; a significant decrease in the number of cells within the biofilm; and absence of exopolymeric matrix surrounding the sessile cells. Neither hemolytic activity nor cytotoxicity to mammalian cells was detected for BTU-01, alone or combined with AmB, at concentrations that exhibited antifungal activity. BTU-01 also displayed drug-likeness properties. Conclusion These results indicate the potential of BTU-01, for the development of new strategies for controlling C. neoformans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Maria Andriani
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lais Fernanda de Almeida Spoladori
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marciéli Fabris
- Laboratório de Síntese de Moléculas Medicinais, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Priscila Goes Camargo
- Laboratório de Síntese de Moléculas Medicinais, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Morais Lopes Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jussevania Pereira Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bartolomeu-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Laboratorial, Departamento de Patología, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lais Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cesar Armando Contreras Lancheros
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernando Macedo
- Laboratório de Síntese de Moléculas Medicinais, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Experimental, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucy Megumi Yamauchi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelle de Lima Ferreira Bispo
- Laboratório de Síntese de Moléculas Medicinais, Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eliandro Reis Tavares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Laboratorial, Departamento de Patología, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta,
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Alonso L, Dorta ML, Alonso A. Ivermectin and curcumin cause plasma membrane rigidity in Leishmania amazonensis due to oxidative stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183977. [PMID: 35654148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spin label electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to study the mechanisms of action of ivermectin and curcumin against Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes. EPR spectra showed that treatment of the parasites with both compounds results in plasma membrane rigidity due to oxidative processes. With the IC50 and EPR measurements for assays using different parasite concentrations, estimations could be made for the membrane-water partition coefficient (KM/W), and the concentration of the compound in the membrane (cm50) and in the aqueous phase (cw50), which inhibits cell growth by 50%. The KM/W values indicated that ivermectin has a greater affinity than curcumin for the parasite membrane. Therefore, the activity of ivermectin was higher for experiments with low cell concentrations, but for concentrations greater than 1.5 × 108 parasites/mL the compounds did not show significantly different results. The cm50 values indicated that the concentration of compound in the membrane leading to growth inhibition or membrane alteration is approximately 1 M for both ivermectin and curcumin. This high membrane concentration suggests that many ivermectin molecules per chlorine channel are needed to cause an increase in chlorine ion influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Miriam Leandro Dorta
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Publica, Departamento de Imunologia e Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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5
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Sydor BG, Ramos-Milaré ÁCFH, Pereira MB, Brustolin AÁ, Montaholi DC, Lera-Nonose DSSL, Negri M, de Lima Scodro RB, Teixeira JJV, Lonardoni MVC. Plants of the Phytolaccaceae family with antimicrobial activity: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3505-3528. [PMID: 35858779 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Phytolaccaceae is a plant family of the order Caryophyllales, which includes species used in traditional medicine to treat diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate Phytolaccaceae family plants with potential antimicrobial action, through a systematic review. The study was conducted following the criteria of PRISMA protocol. The search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS, in March 2021. The search strategy used free descriptors and terms, limiting articles to the English language, regardless of publication year. The risk of bias and the quality of publications were based on the CONSORT checklist, modified for in vitro studies and SYRCLE's RoB tool for in vivo study. Five independent judges performed quality assessments of publications and risk of bias analysis. Ninety-five publications were retrieved from the databases and, after screening and eligibility criteria, 22 articles remained, from 1998 to 2019. In the selected studies, the plants were obtained from eight countries. In vivo and in vitro studies of extracts from the Phytolaccaceae family plants, evaluating antibacterial (8 publications), antifungal (8), anti-Trypanosoma (2), anti-Leishmania (2), antiviral (1), and antiamoebic (1) activities, are included. The plant species identified belong to genera Petiveria, Phytolacca, Gallesia, Trichostigma, and Seguieria. The risk of bias in the 22 publications both in vitro and in vitro was suboptimal. The evidence obtained showed that the Phytolaccaceae family, a source of plants with antimicrobial action, can serve as a basis for the creation of new herbal medicines, expanding the possibility of treatment for infectious diseases and stimulating their preservation and biodiversity. However, more high-quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Gomes Sydor
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aline Ávila Brustolin
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Melyssa Negri
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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6
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Alonso L, Rocha OB, de Carvalho Junior MAB, Soares CMDA, Pereira M, Alonso A. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis plasma membrane characterization by EPR spectroscopy and interactions with amphotericin B, miltefosine and nerolidol. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35787240 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2093274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of spin labels was used to characterize the interactions of amphotericin B (AmB), miltefosine (MIL) and nerolidol (NER) with the plasma membrane of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Spin-labeled analogs of stearic acid and steroid androstane distributed into the plasma membrane of the fungus treated with AmB, showed strong interactions with putative AmB/sterol complexes. The observed increase in the EPR parameter 2A// caused by AmB can be interpreted as a remarkable reduction in the spin label mobility and/or an increase in the local polarity. The 2A// parameter reduced gradually as the concentration of MIL and NER increased. The membrane-water partition coefficient (KM/W) of the three compounds under study was estimated based on the minimum concentration of the compounds that causes a change in EPR spectrum. The KM/W values indicated that the affinity of the compounds for the P. brasiliensis membrane follows the order: AmB > MIL > NER. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were lower than the respective minimum concentrations of the compounds to cause a change in the EPR spectrum, being ∼3.5-fold lower for AmB, 3.9-fold for MIL and ∼1.4-fold for NER. Taken together, the EPR spectroscopy results suggest that the anti-proliferative effects of the three compounds studied are associated with alterations in cell membranes. One of the most likely consequences of these changes would be electrolyte leakage.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Olivia Basso Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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7
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Alonso L, Pimenta LKL, Kipnis A, Alonso A. Mycobacterium abscessus cell wall and plasma membrane characterization by EPR spectroscopy and effects of amphotericin B, miltefosine and nerolidol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183872. [PMID: 35085568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Spin label electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the components of the Mycobacterium abscessus massiliense cell envelope and their interactions with amphotericin B (AmB), miltefosine (MIL), and nerolidol (NER). Spin labels analogous to stearic acid and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were distributed on an envelope layer with fluidity comparable to other biological membranes, probably the mycobacterial cell wall, because after treatment with AmB a highly rigid spectral component was evident in the EPR spectra. Methyl stearate analogue spin labels found a much more fluid membrane and did not detect the presence of AmB, except for at very high drug concentrations. Unlike other spin-labeled PCs, the TEMPO-PC spin probe, with the nitroxide moiety attached to the choline of the PC headgroup, also did not detect the presence of AmB. On the other hand, the steroid spin labels were not distributed across the membranes of M. abscessus and, instead, were concentrated in some other location of the cell envelope. Both MIL and NER compounds at 10 μM caused increased fluidity in the cell wall and plasma membrane. Furthermore, NER was shown to have a remarkable ability to extract lipids from the mycobacterial cell wall. The EPR results suggest that the resistance of mycobacteria to the action of AmB must be related to the fact that this drug does not reach the bacterial plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Laryssa Ketelyn Lima Pimenta
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Publica, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - André Kipnis
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Publica, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Rezende LG, Tasso TT, Candido PHS, Baptista MS. Assessing Photosensitized Membrane Damage: Available Tools and Comprehensive Mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:572-590. [PMID: 34931324 DOI: 10.1111/php.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are important targets of the photosensitized oxidation reactions, forming important signaling molecules, disorganizing and permeabilizing membranes, and consequently inducing a variety of biological responses. Although the initial steps of the photosensitized oxidative damage in lipids are known to occur by both Type I and Type II mechanisms, the progression of the peroxidation reaction, which leads to important end-point biological responses, is poorly known. There are many experimental tools used to study the products of lipid oxidation, but neither the methods nor their resulting observations were critically compared. In this article, we will review the tools most frequently used and the key concepts raised by them in order to rationalize a comprehensive model for the initiation and the progression steps of the photoinduced lipid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Rezende
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Thiago T Tasso
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S Candido
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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da Silva PR, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, Souza TP, Sandes JM, da Conceição Alves de Lima A, Neto PJR, Dos Santos FAB, Alves LC, da Silva RMF, de Moraes Rocha GJ, da Cruz Filho IJ. Lignin from Morinda citrifolia leaves: Physical and chemical characterization, in vitro evaluation of antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiparasitic and ultrastructural activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1799-1812. [PMID: 34774863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated in vitro the antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-leishmanial activities of a lignin extracted from the leaves of Morinda citrifolia. Initially, an analysis of the composition of the sheets was performed, then the lignin was obtained by alkaline delignification and characterized by different techniques: elemental analysis, FT-R, UV-vis, HSQC-NMR, thermal analysis, Py-GC/MS and by GPC. The results showed that the leaves had in their composition cellulose (31.29%), hemicellulose (25.01%), lignin (18.34%), extractives (14.39%) and ash (10.03%). The lignin extraction yield was 89.8%. The lignin obtained is of the GSH type with the following contents 79.39%, 13.58% and 7.03% respectively. Furthermore, it is low molecular weight and thermally stable. It had a phenolic content of 93.3 mg GAE/g and low antioxidant activity. In macrophage cytotoxicity assays, it presented a CC50 of 31.0 μg/mL, showing less toxicity than amphotericin B. In assays against the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis, lignin presented an IC50 of 29.56 μg/mL, a less effective concentration than amphotericin B (IC50 = 0.14 μg/mL). However, it was able to promote inhibition of the parasites, a fact confirmed by structural changes. These findings reinforce that M. citrifolia lignin is a promising macromolecule for use as an antiparasitic and antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Roberta da Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, 50.670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Thammyris Pires Souza
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, 50.670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jana Messias Sandes
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro José Rolim Neto
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Pharmacia, Health Sciences Center, 50.670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - George Jackson de Moraes Rocha
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, PO Box 6192, 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Iranildo José da Cruz Filho
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, 50.670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Alonso L, Mendanha SA, Gomes RS, Dorta ML, Alonso A. Comparative EPR spectroscopy analysis of amphotericin B and miltefosine interactions with Leishmania, erythrocyte and macrophage membranes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105859. [PMID: 33894283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of spin labels was used to study the interactions of amphotericin B (AmB) with the plasma membrane of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes, human erythrocytes and J774.A1 murine macrophages, in comparison with reported and novel data for miltefosine (MIL). One of the objectives of this work is to look for the relationships between the activities of these two drugs in the Leishmania parasite with their changes in the cell membrane. A spin-labeled stearic acid inserted into the cell membranes showed strong interactions with putative AmB/sterol complexes, characterized by reductions in molecular dynamics. The concentration of the drugs in the plasma membrane that reduced the cell population by 50%, and the membrane-water partition coefficient of the drugs, were assessed. These biophysical parameters enabled estimates of possible therapeutic concentrations of these two drugs in the interstitial fluids of the tissues to be made. AmB displayed higher affinity for the plasma membrane of L. amazonensis than for that of the macrophage and erythrocyte, denoting a preference for a membrane that contains ergosterol. AmB also demonstrated higher hemolytic potential than MIL for measurements on erythrocytes in both PBS and whole blood. For MIL, the EPR technique detected membrane changes induced by the drug in the same concentration range that inhibited the growth of parasites, but in the case of AmB, an 8-fold higher concentration of the IC50 was necessary to observe a reduction in membrane fluidity, suggesting a better localized effect of AmB on the membrane. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of both drugs are associated with changes in cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Saar Gomes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Publica, Departamento de Imunologia e Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Miriam Leandro Dorta
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Publica, Departamento de Imunologia e Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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