1
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Deshmukh SH, Nachaki EO, Kuroda DG. Uncovering the binding nature of thiocyanate in contact ion pairs with lithium ions. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034507. [PMID: 39017430 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion pair formation is a fundamental molecular process that occurs in a wide variety of systems, including electrolytes, biological systems, and materials. In solution, the thiocyanate (SCN-) anion interacts with cations to form contact ion pairs (CIPs). Due to its ambidentate nature, thiocyanate can bind through either its sulfur or nitrogen atoms, depending on the solvent. This study focuses on the binding nature of thiocyanate with lithium ions as a function of the solvents using FTIR, 2D infrared spectroscopy (2DIR) spectroscopies, and theoretical calculations. The study reveals that the SCN- binding mode (S or N end) in CIPs can be identified through 2DIR spectroscopy but not by linear IR spectroscopy. Linear IR spectroscopy shows that the CN stretch frequencies are too close to one another to separate N- and S-bound CIPs. Moreover, the IR spectrum shows that the S-C stretch presents different frequencies for the salt in different solvents, but it is related to the anion speciation rather than to its binding mode. A similar trend is observed for the anion bend. 2DIR spectra show different dynamics for N-bound and S-bound thiocyanate. In particular, the frequency-frequency correlation function (FFCF) dynamics extracted from the 2DIR spectra have a single picosecond exponential decay for N-bound thiocyanate and a biexponential decay for S-bound thiocyanate, consistent with the binding mode of the anion. Finally, it is also observed that the binding mode also affects the line shape parameters, probably due to the different molecular mechanisms of the FFCF for N- and S-bound CIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samadhan H Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Ernest O Nachaki
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Daniel G Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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2
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Piacentini V, Simari C, Gentile A, Marchionna S, Nicotera I, Brutti S, Bodo E. Lithium-Ion Transport Properties in DMSO and TEGDME: Exploring the Influence of Solvation through Molecular Dynamics and Experiments. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301962. [PMID: 38896830 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the properties of aprotic electrolytes via the application of experimental methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques, along with molecular dynamic modeling. The aim is to provide a quantitative description of the physico-chemical properties of two well-established electrolytes (case studies), each exhibiting significantly distinct dielectric properties: a LiTFSI (Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, dielectric constantϵ ${\varepsilon{} }$ =46.68) and a LiTFSI solution in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME,ϵ ${\varepsilon{} }$ =7.71). We obtained a comprehensive insight into the properties of the electrolytes at both the macroscopic-collective and molecular levels with particular emphasis on the interactions between the Li ions and solvent molecules. We discovered remarkable disparities in the structural arrangements, solvation behaviors, and bulk-related properties of these electrolyte systems, particularly in response to temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Piacentini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Cataldo Simari
- Department of Chemistry University of Calabria, Arcavacata di, Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
- GISEL - Centro di Riferimento Nazionale per i Sistemi di Accumulo Elettrochimico di Energia, Florence, 50121, Italy
| | - Antonio Gentile
- Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico - RSE S.p.A., Via R. Rubattino 54, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Stefano Marchionna
- Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico - RSE S.p.A., Via R. Rubattino 54, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Isabella Nicotera
- Department of Chemistry University of Calabria, Arcavacata di, Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
- GISEL - Centro di Riferimento Nazionale per i Sistemi di Accumulo Elettrochimico di Energia, Florence, 50121, Italy
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
- CNR-ISC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto Dei Sistemi Complessi, Rome, 00185, Italy
- GISEL - Centro di Riferimento Nazionale per i Sistemi di Accumulo Elettrochimico di Energia, Florence, 50121, Italy
| | - Enrico Bodo
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
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3
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Philippi F, Middendorf M, Shigenobu K, Matsuyama Y, Palumbo O, Pugh D, Sudoh T, Dokko K, Watanabe M, Schönhoff M, Shinoda W, Ueno K. Evolving better solvate electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7342-7358. [PMID: 38756793 PMCID: PMC11095511 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01492h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The overall performance of lithium batteries remains unmatched to this date. Decades of optimisation have resulted in long-lasting batteries with high energy density suitable for mobile applications. However, the electrolytes used at present suffer from low lithium transference numbers, which induces concentration polarisation and reduces efficiency of charging and discharging. Here we show how targeted modifications can be used to systematically evolve anion structural motifs which can yield electrolytes with high transference numbers. Using a multidisciplinary combination of theoretical and experimental approaches, we screened a large number of anions. Thus, we identified anions which reach lithium transference numbers around 0.9, surpassing conventional electrolytes. Specifically, we find that nitrile groups have a coordination tendency similar to SO2 and are capable of inducing the formation of Li+ rich clusters. In the bigger picture, we identified a balanced anion/solvent coordination tendency as one of the key design parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Philippi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Shigenobu
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Yuna Matsuyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Oriele Palumbo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - David Pugh
- Department of Chemistry, Britannia House, Kings College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Taku Sudoh
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre, Advanced Institute of Sciences, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre, Advanced Institute of Sciences, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
| | | | - Wataru Shinoda
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre, Advanced Institute of Sciences, Yokohama National University 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku Yokohama 240-8501 Japan
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4
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Nachaki E, Kuroda DG. Lithium ion Speciation in Cyclic Solvents: Impact of Anion Charge Delocalization and Solvent Polarizability. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3408-3415. [PMID: 38546442 PMCID: PMC11017243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for lithium batteries has triggered the search for safer and more efficient electrolytes. Insights into the atomistic description of electrolytes are critical for relating microscopic and macroscopic (physicochemical) properties. Previous studies have shown that the type of lithium salt and solvent used in the electrolyte influences its performance by dictating the speciation of the ionic components in the system. Here, we investigate the molecular origins of ion association in lithium-based electrolytes as a function of anion charge delocalization and solvent chemical identity. To this end, a family of cyano-based lithium salts in organic solvents, having a cyclic structure and containing carbonyl groups, was investigated using a combination of linear infrared spectroscopy and ab initio computations. Our results show that the formation of contact-ion pairs (CIPs) is more favorable in organic solvents containing either ester or carbonate groups and in lithium salts with an anion having low charge delocalization than in an amide/urea solvent and an anion with large charge delocalization. Ab initio computations attribute the degree of CIP formation to the energetics of the process, which is largely influenced by the chemical nature of the lithium ion solvation shell. At the molecular level, atomic charge analysis reveals that CIP formation is directly related to the ability of the solvent molecule to rearrange its electronic density upon coordination to the lithium ion. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of local interactions in determining the nature of ion-molecule interactions and provide a molecular framework for explaining lithium ion speciation in the design of new electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest
O. Nachaki
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Daniel G. Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana
State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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5
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Ugata Y, Chen Y, Miyazaki S, Sasagawa S, Ueno K, Watanabe M, Dokko K. High-concentration LiPF 6/sulfone electrolytes: structure, transport properties, and battery application. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29566-29575. [PMID: 37877335 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04561g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-flammable and oxidatively stable sulfones are promising electrolyte solvents for thermally stable high-voltage Li batteries. In addition, sulfolane-based high-concentration electrolytes (HCEs) show high Li+ ion transference numbers. However, LiPF6 has not yet been investigated as the main salt in sulfone-based HCEs for Li batteries. In this study, we investigated the phase behaviors, solvate structures, and transport properties of binary and ternary mixtures of LiPF6 and the following sulfone solvents: sulfolane (SL), dimethyl sulfone (DMS), ethyl methyl sulfone (EMS), and 3-methyl sulfolane (MSL). The stable crystalline solvates Li(SL)4PF6 and Li(DMS)2.5PF6 with high melting points were formed in the LiPF6/SL and LiPF6/DMS mixtures, respectively. In contrast, LiPF6/EMS, LiPF6/MSL, and LiPF6/SL/another sulfone mixtures remained liquids over a wide temperature range. Raman spectroscopy revealed that SL and another sulfone are competitively coordinated to Li+ ions to dissociate LiPF6 in the ternary mixtures. Although the ionic conductivity decreased with increasing LiPF6 concentration due to an increase in viscosity, Li+ ions diffused faster than PF6-via exchanging ligands in the HCE [LiPF6]/[SL]/[DMS] = 1/2/2, resulting in a higher Li ion transference number than that in conventional Li battery electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ugata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yichuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Miyazaki
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Shohei Sasagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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6
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Zhang M, Gao Y, Fu L, Bai Y, Mukherjee S, Chen CL, Liu J, Bian H, Fang Y. Chain-like Structures Facilitate Li + Transport in Concentrated Aqueous Electrolytes: Insights from Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6968-6976. [PMID: 37506173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Highly concentrated aqueous electrolytes have attracted attention due to their unique applications in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, the solvation structure and transport mechanism of Li+ cations at concentrated concentrations remain largely unexplored. To address this gap in knowledge, we employ ultrafast infrared spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to reveal the dynamic and spatial structural heterogeneity in aqueous lithium chloride (LiCl) solutions. The coupling between the reorientation dynamics of the extrinsic probe and the macroscopic viscosity in aqueous LiCl solutions was analyzed using the Stokes-Einstein-Debye (SED) equations. MD simulations reveal that the Cl- and Li+ form chain-like structures through electrostatic interactions, supporting the vehicular migration of Li+ through the chain-like structure. The concentration dependent conductivity of the LiCl solution is well reproduced, where Li(H2O)2+ and Li(H2O)3+ are the dominant species that contribute to the conduction of Li+. This study is expected to establish correlations between ion pair structures and macroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lanya Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yimin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Cheng-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sunyat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongtao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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7
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Tsuzuki S, Ikeda S, Shinoda W, Shigenobu K, Ueno K, Dokko K, Watanabe M. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of High-Concentration Li[TFSA] Sulfone Solution: Effect of Easy Conformation Change of Sulfolane on Fast Diffusion of Li Ion. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37428625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The parameters of the polarizable force field used for molecular dynamics simulations of Li diffusion in high-concentration lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Li[TFSA]) sulfone (sulfolane, dimethylsulfone, ethylmethylsulfone, and ethyl-i-propylsulfone) solutions were refined. The densities of the solutions obtained by molecular dynamics simulations reproduced well the experimental values. The calculated concentration, temperature, and solvent dependencies of self-diffusion coefficients of ions and solvents in the mixtures well reproduce the experimentally observed dependencies. Ab initio calculations show that the intermolecular interactions between Li ions and four sulfones are not largely different. Conformational analyses show that sulfolane can change the conformation more easily owing to lower barrier height for pseudorotation compared to the rotational barrier heights of diethylsulfone and ethylmethylsulfone. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the easy conformation change of solvent affects the rotational relaxation of the solvent and the diffusion of Li ion in the mixture. The easy conformation change of sulfolane is one of the causes of faster diffusion of Li ion in the mixture of Li[TFSA] and sulfolane compared to the mixtures of smaller dimethylsulfone and ethylmethylsulfone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Tsuzuki
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ikeda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shigenobu
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Centre (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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8
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Yu D, Troya D, Korovich AG, Bostwick JE, Colby RH, Madsen LA. Uncorrelated Lithium-Ion Hopping in a Dynamic Solvent-Anion Network. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:1944-1951. [PMID: 37090169 PMCID: PMC10112391 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lithium batteries rely crucially on fast charge and mass transport of Li+ in the electrolyte. For liquid and polymer electrolytes with added lithium salts, Li+ couples to the counter-anion to form ionic clusters that produce inefficient Li+ transport and lead to Li dendrite formation. Quantification of Li+ transport in glycerol-salt electrolytes via NMR experiments and MD simulations reveals a surprising Li+-hopping mechanism. The Li+ transference number, measured by ion-specific electrophoretic NMR, can reach 0.7, and Li+ diffusion does not correlate with nearby ion motions, even at high salt concentration. Glycerol's high density of hydroxyl groups increases ion dissociation and slows anion diffusion, while the close proximity of hydroxyls and anions lowers local energy barriers, facilitating Li+ hopping. This system represents a bridge between liquid and inorganic solid electrolytes, thus motivating new molecular designs for liquid and polymer electrolytes to enable the uncorrelated Li+-hopping transport needed for fast-charging and all-solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules
Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules
Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrew G. Korovich
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Joshua E. Bostwick
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials
Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules
Innovation Institute, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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9
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Watanabe Y, Ugata Y, Ueno K, Watanabe M, Dokko K. Does Li-ion transport occur rapidly in localized high-concentration electrolytes? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3092-3099. [PMID: 36621826 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05319e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ionic conductivity and lithium-ion transference number of electrolytes significantly influence the rate capability of Li-ion batteries. Highly concentrated Li-salt/sulfolane (SL) electrolytes exhibit elevated Li+ transference numbers due to lithium-ion hopping via a ligand exchange mechanism within their -Li+-SL-Li+- network. However, highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) are extremely viscous and have an ionic conductivity that is one order of magnitude less than that of conventional electrolytes. Dilution of HCEs with a non-coordinating hydrofluoroether (HFE) lowers the viscosity and produces localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCE). However, the mechanism of Li+ transport in LHCEs is unclear. This study investigated the transport properties of LHCEs prepared by diluting a SL-based HCE with 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether. Electrolyte viscosity decreases dramatically upon dilution, whereas ionic conductivity increases only slightly. Ion diffusivity increases with increasing HFE content due to the decrease in electrolyte viscosity. However, the Li+ transference number declines, because the HFE interferes with conduction via the Li+ hopping mechanism. The resulting decrease in the product of ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number indicates superior lithium-ion transport in the parent HCE compared with LHCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Ugata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center (ACERC), Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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10
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Park S, Morales-Collazo O, Freeman B, Brennecke JF. Ionic Liquid Stabilizes Olefin Facilitated Transport Membranes Against Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202895. [PMID: 35384196 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Separation of olefins from their paraffin analogs relies on energy-intensive cryogenic distillation. Facilitated transport-based membranes that reversibly and selectively bind olefins, but not paraffins, could save considerable amounts of energy. However, the chemical instability of the silver ion olefin-binding carriers in such membranes has been a longstanding roadblock for this approach. We discovered long-term carrier stability against extended exposure to hydrogen, a common contaminant in such streams. Based on UV/Vis absorption and Raman spectroscopy, along with XRD analysis results, certain ionic liquids solubilize silver ions, and anion aggregates surrounding the silver ion carriers greatly attenuate their reduction by hydrogen. Here, we report the stability of olefin/paraffin separation properties under continuous exposure to high pressure hydrogen, which addresses a critical technical roadblock in membrane-based olefin/paraffin separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejoon Park
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Oscar Morales-Collazo
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Benny Freeman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Joan F Brennecke
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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11
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Drozhzhin OA, Shevchenko VA, Bobyleva ZV, Alekseeva AM, Antipov EV. Rational Screening of High-Voltage Electrolytes and Additives for Use in LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4-Based Li-Ion Batteries. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113596. [PMID: 35684531 PMCID: PMC9182327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we focus onthe experimental screening of selected electrolytes, which have been reported earlier in different works, as a good choice for high-voltage Li-ion batteries. Twenty-four solutions were studied by means of their high-voltage stability in lithium half-cells with idle electrode (C+PVDF) and the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-based composite as a positive electrode. Some of the solutions were based on the standard 1 M LiPF6 in EC:DMC:DEC = 1:1:1 with/without additives, such as fluoroethylene carbonate, lithium bis(oxalate) borate and lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate. More concentrated solutions of LiPF6 in EC:DMC:DEC = 1:1:1 were also studied. In addition, the solutions of LiBF4 and LiPF6 in various solvents, such as sulfolane, adiponitrile and tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate, atdifferent concentrations were investigated. A complex study, including cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling, impedance spectroscopy and ex situ PXRD and EDX, was applied for the first time to such a wide range of electrolytesto provide an objective assessment of the stability of the systems under study. We observed a better anodic stability, including a slower capacity fading during the cycling and lower charge transfer resistance, for the concentrated electrolytes and sulfolane-based solutions. Among the studied electrolytes, the concentrated LiPF6 in EC:DEC:DMC = 1:1:1 performed the best, since it provided both low SEI resistance and stability of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A. Drozhzhin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.S.); (A.M.A.); (E.V.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vitalii A. Shevchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.S.); (A.M.A.); (E.V.A.)
- Skoltech Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Str. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zoia V. Bobyleva
- Department of Material Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia M. Alekseeva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.S.); (A.M.A.); (E.V.A.)
| | - Evgeny V. Antipov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.S.); (A.M.A.); (E.V.A.)
- Skoltech Center for Energy Science and Technology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel Str. 3, 143026 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Dereka B, Lewis NHC, Zhang Y, Hahn NT, Keim JH, Snyder SA, Maginn EJ, Tokmakoff A. Exchange-Mediated Transport in Battery Electrolytes: Ultrafast or Ultraslow? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8591-8604. [PMID: 35470669 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of charge transport in batteries is important for the rational design of new electrolyte formulations. Persistent questions about ion transport mechanisms in battery electrolytes are often framed in terms of vehicular diffusion by persistent ion-solvent complexes versus structural diffusion through the breaking and reformation of ion-solvent contacts, i.e., solvent exchange events. Ultrafast two-dimensional (2D) IR spectroscopy can probe exchange processes directly via the evolution of the cross-peaks on picosecond time scales. However, vibrational energy transfer in the absence of solvent exchange gives rise to the same spectral signatures, hiding the desired processes. We employ 2D IR on solvent resonances of a mixture of acetonitrile isotopologues to differentiate chemical exchange and energy-transfer dynamics in a comprehensive series of Li+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, and Ba2+ bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide electrolytes from the dilute to the superconcentrated regime. No exchange phenomena occur within at least 100 ps, regardless of the ion identity, salt concentration, and presence of water. All of the observed spectral dynamics originate from the intermolecular energy transfer. These results place the lower experimental boundary on the ion-solvent residence times to several hundred picoseconds, much slower than previously suggested. With the help of MD simulations and conductivity measurements on the Li+ and Zn2+ systems, we discuss these results as a continuum of vehicular and structural modalities that vary with concentration and emphasize the importance of collective electrolyte motions to ion transport. These results hold broadly applicable to many battery-relevant ions and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nicholas H C Lewis
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Nathan T Hahn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jonathan H Keim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Edward J Maginn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Andrei Tokmakoff
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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13
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Park S, Morales‐Collazo O, Freeman B, Brennecke JF. Ionic Liquid Stabilizes Olefin Facilitated Transport Membranes Against Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sejoon Park
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Oscar Morales‐Collazo
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Benny Freeman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Joan F. Brennecke
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
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14
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DOKKO K. Study on Fundamental Properties of Solvate Electrolytes and Their Application in Batteries. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.22-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru DOKKO
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University
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15
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TATARA R, OKAMOTO Y, UGATA Y, UENO K, WATANABE M, DOKKO K. Highly Concentrated NaN(SO 2F) 2/3-Methylsulfolane Electrolyte Solution Showing High Na-Ion Transference Number under Anion-Blocking Conditions. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.21-00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi TATARA
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University
| | - Yukihiro OKAMOTO
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University
| | - Yosuke UGATA
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University
| | - Kazuhide UENO
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University
| | | | - Kaoru DOKKO
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University
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16
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Ugata Y, Shigenobu K, Tatara R, Ueno K, Watanabe M, Dokko K. Solvate electrolytes for Li and Na batteries: structures, transport properties, and electrochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21419-21436. [PMID: 34550122 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02946k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polar solvents dissolve Li and Na salts at high concentrations and are used as electrolyte solutions for batteries. The solvents interact strongly with the alkali metal cations to form complexes in the solution. The activity (concentration) of the uncoordinated solvent decreases as the salt concentration is increased. At extremely high salt concentrations, all the solvent molecules are involved in the coordination of the ions and form the solvates of the salts. In this article, we review the structures, transport properties, and electrochemistry of Li/Na salt solvates. In molten solvates, the activity of the uncoordinated solvent is negligible; this is the main origin of their peculiar characteristics, such as high thermal stability, wide electrochemical window, and unique ion transport. In addition, the solvent activity greatly influences the electrochemical reactions in Li/Na batteries. We highlight the attractive features of molten solvates as promising electrolytes for next-generation batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ugata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Shigenobu
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryoichi Tatara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.,Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Watanabe
- Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dokko
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. .,Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Advanced Chemical Energy Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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