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Thoma JL, Little H, Duhamel J. Location of a Hydrophobic Load in Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)s (PEGMAs) Dissolved in Water and Probed by Fluorescence. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5900-5912. [PMID: 38442036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Two series of pyrene-labeled poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)s referred to as PyEG5-PEGnMA and PyC4-PEGnMA were prepared to probe the region surrounding the polymethacrylate backbone by using the fluorescence of the dye pyrene. PyEG5-PEGnMA and PyC4-PEGnMA were prepared by copolymerizing the EGnMA methacrylate monomers with penta(ethylene glycol) 1-pyrenemethyl ether methacrylate or 1-pyrenebutyl methacrylate, respectively. In organic solvents, the much longer 18 non-hydrogen atom linker connecting the pyrene moieties to the polymethacrylate backbone in the PyEG5-PEGnMA samples enabled the deployment of the pyrenyl labels into the solution. In water, however, an excited pyrene for PyEG5-PEGnMA was found to probe a same volume as for the PyC4-PEGnMA samples where a much shorter 6 non-hydrogen atom spacer connected pyrene to the backbone. Another surprising observation, considering that the hydrophobicity of pyrene induces strong pyrene aggregation for many pyrene-labeled water-soluble polymers (Py-WSPs) in water, was the little pyrene aggregation found for the PyEG5-PEGnMA and PyC4-PEGnMA samples in water. These effects could be related to the organic-like domain (OLD) generated by the oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains densely arranged around the polymethacrylate backbone of the polymeric bottlebrush (PBB). Additional fluorescence experiments conducted with the penta(ethylene glycol) 1-pyrenemethyl ether derivative indicated that the cylindrical OLD surrounding the polymethacrylate backbone had a chemical composition similar to that of ethylene glycol. Binding of hydrophobic pyrene molecules to unlabeled PEGnMA bottlebrushes in water further supported the existence of the OLD. The demonstration, that PEGnMA samples form an OLD in water, which can host and protect hydrophobic cargoes like pyrene, should lead to the development of improved PEGnMA-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine L Thoma
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hunter Little
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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2
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Mo R, Zhang F, Sheng X, Zhang X. A Sensitive Concentration- and Polarity-Dependent Pyrene-Derived Vibrationally Resolved Fluorescence Probe for The Polymer Interdiffusion Study. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300391. [PMID: 37690003 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The vibrationally resolved pyrene fluorescence probe method is once popular but now languished, because the vibrationally resolved patterns of pyrene with limited sensitivity and concentration independence have not been updated for over 50 years. During investigation on the polymer interdiffusion of a latex film, it is found that a pyrene acylhydrazone whose vibrationally resolved fluorescence pattern contradictory to those reported in pyrene and most pyrene derivatives. The pyrene acylhydrazone has sensitive concentration- and polarity-dependent fluorescence spectra (the sensitivity on polarity is at most 26 times higher than the old vibrationally resolved patterns), and the sensitivity well remains when it is copolymerized in a polymer. The vibrationally resolved spectrum of this pyrene acylhydrazone is a powerful fluorescence probe, which would be as useful as the pyrene excimer probe nowadays popular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Mo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xinxin Sheng
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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3
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Little H, Patel S, Duhamel J. Probing the inner local density of complex macromolecules by pyrene excimer formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26515-26525. [PMID: 37621250 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The direct relationship existing between the average rate constant 〈k〉 for pyrene excimer formation and the local concentration [Py]loc of ground-state pyrenyl labels covalently attached to a macromolecule was established for 55 pyrene-labeled macromolecules (PyLM). These PyLM belonged to three different families of macromolecules with the first representing short monodisperse linear chains end-labeled with pyrene (polystyrene, poly(ethylene oxide), and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)), the second representing long polydisperse linear chains randomly labeled with pyrene (poly(methyl acrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, poly(butyl methacrylate), poly(methoxyethyl methacrylate), and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)), and the third being comprised of two series of pyrene end-labeled low generation dendrimers with a bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid or a polyamidoamine backbone. The assumption, that the polymeric segments probed by an excited pyrenyl label covalently attached to one of these macromolecules obeyed Gaussian statistics, enabled the calculation of their square root average squared end-to-end distance (LPy), which was applied to calculate [Py]loc. The log-log plots of 〈k〉 as a function of [Py]loc yielded straight lines with a slope of unity for all families of macromolecules studied in four different organic solvents demonstrating the validity and generality of the 〈k〉-vs.-[Py]loc relationship. Since an experimentalist knows how the the pyrenyl labels are covalently attached onto a macromolecule, [Py]loc offers a means to probe the local density of a macromolecule, which can be employed to characterize its conformation in solution. Consequently, the 〈k〉-vs.-[Py]loc relationship provides a novel experimental means to probe the conformation of macromolecules which should establish pyrene excimer formation as an appealing method for conformational studies of macromolecules in solution, which should nicely complement scattering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Little
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Keever JM, Banzon PD, Hales MK, Sargent AL, Allen WE. Association between N-Terminal Pyrenes Stabilizes the Collagen Triple Helix. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11885-11894. [PMID: 37531574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Collagen model peptides featuring the fluorophore pyrene at their N-termini have been synthesized, and their thermal denaturation has been examined using circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopies. Flanking the (Pro-Hyp-Gly)7 core of the peptide monomers at positions 1 and/or 23 in the primary sequence, Lys residues were introduced to ensure water solubility. Triple helices derived from such peptides show a broad excimer emission at ∼480 nm, indicative of interaction between the pyrene units. CD experiments show that the fluorophores enhance helix stability primarily through entropic effects. Unfolding temperatures (Tm) increase by up to 7 °C for systems with N-terminal lysine residues and by up to 21 °C for systems in which the first-position Lys is replaced by Ala. Tm values derived from fluorescence measurements (at 50 μM) typically lie within ∼1 °C of those obtained using CD (at 200 μM). Computational modeling in a water continuum using B3LYP-GD3 and M06-2X functionals predicts that face-to-face association of fluorophores can occur while H-bonding within the [(POG)n]3 assembly is retained. Such parallel stacking is consistent with hydrophobically driven stabilization. Labeling collagen peptides with pyrene is a synthetically simple way to promote triple helicity while providing a means to obtain Tm data on relatively dilute samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Keever
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Technology Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4353, United States
| | - Patrick D Banzon
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Technology Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4353, United States
| | - Megan K Hales
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Technology Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4353, United States
| | - Andrew L Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Technology Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4353, United States
| | - William E Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Technology Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4353, United States
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Ba-Salem AO, Gong R, Duhamel J. Characterization of the Interactions between an Unassociated Cationic Pyrene-Labeled Gemini Surfactant and Anionic Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7484-7495. [PMID: 35675508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gemini surfactant PyO-3-12, made of two dimethylammonium bromides joined by a propyl linker and bearing a dodecyl pendant on one side and a 1-pyrenemethoxyhexyl group on the other side, was employed to probe the interactions between positively charged PyO-3-12 and negatively charged sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). PyO-3-12 was selected for its ability to respond to the polarity of its local environment through the fluorescence intensity ratio I1/I3 of the first-to-third fluorescence peaks of the pyrene monomer and the local pyrene concentration [Py]loc through the IE/IM ratio of the pyrene excimer-to-pyrene monomer fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, analysis of the fluorescence decays of aqueous solutions of PyO-3-12 and SDS yielded a measure of the internal dynamics, local concentration, and state (associated vs unassociated) of PyO-3-12 in solution. By following these parameters for aqueous solutions prepared with a constant PyO-3-12 concentration of either 1, 4, or 16 μM and SDS concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 mM, six SDS concentration regimes were identified to describe the interactions between PyO-3-12 and SDS in pure water. Sharp transitions of the parameters describing the fluorescence of pyrene marked the boundaries between the different regimes. Perhaps the most important transition was the one defining the formation of the PyO-3-12/SDS aggregates, which was completed at the equicharge point, implying that they were constituted of 1 meq of PyO-3-12 and 2 meq of SDS. The low I1/I3 ratio obtained for the PyO-3-12/SDS aggregates suggested that they were multilamellar aggregates, which would shield the pyrenyl labels from polar water. The formation of these multilamellar aggregates was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which demonstrated the existence of multilamellar vesicles, whose presence increased with decreasing PyO-3-12 concentration. This study suggests that the combination of pyrene excimer formation and TEM provides an interesting experimental means to probe the assemblies generated from oppositely charged surfactants at surfactant concentrations, which are much lower than their critical micelle concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah O Ba-Salem
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Rantong Gong
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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6
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Yan DW, Li XD, Li PC, Tang WL, Ren HH, Yan YG. Conferring fluorescence tracking function to polyphenylene sulfide by embedding the pyrene into the backbone at the molecular level: Design and synthesis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ba-Salem AO, Duhamel J. Synthesis and Characterization of a Pyrene-Labeled Gemini Surfactant Sensitive to the Polarity of Its Environment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13824-13837. [PMID: 34791874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cationic gemini surfactant PyO-3-12 was designed to include two dimethyl ammonium groups, one dodecyl tail, and 1-pyrenemethyl hexyl ether tail into the structure of the surfactant. The pyrenyl label ensured that the fluorescence of pyrene could be employed to probe the behavior of PyO-3-12 at the molecular level. The introduction of the oxygen atom in the β-position to pyrene was found to be critical for restoring the sensitivity of the pyrenyl label to the polarity of its environment. The properties of PyO-3-12 were characterized in water by surface tension and a fluorescence methodology that involved the global model-free analysis (MFA) of the pyrene monomer and excimer fluorescence decays to provide quantitative information about the state (unassociated-vs-aggregated) of PyO-3-12. The MFA was combined with a fluorescence quenching study with 2,6-dinitrotoluene to determine the size of the PyO-3-12 micelles. PyO-3-12 was found to behave like a typical gemini surfactant, exhibiting a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.38 (±0.05) mM and an aggregation number (Nagg) equal to 23 (±2). Besides allowing PyO-3-12 to probe the polarity of its environment, the oxygen atom in the β-position next to pyrene brought some pyrenyl labels closer to the interface between the micellar interior and the aqueous phase, in a process that increased the effective volume of the hydrophobic part of PyO-3-12. This led to an increase in the packing parameter of PyO-3-12 and, consequently, an increase in Nagg compared to the Nagg value of 14 (±0.2) obtained for Py-3-12, a gemini surfactant, whose chemical structure was similar to that of PyO-3-12 but without the oxygen in the β-position to pyrene. The methodology described in this study to prepare and characterize pyrene-labeled surfactants is general and can be applied to study any pyrene-labeled surfactant and its interactions with oppositely charged macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah O Ba-Salem
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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8
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Liao C, Wang X. Triphasic Polymer Particles Assembled via Microphase Separation with Multiple Functions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11818-11834. [PMID: 34585922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated a unique type of triphasic colloidal particles composed of an azo polymer (PCNAZO), a fluorescent pyrene-containing polymer [P(MMA-co-PyMA)], and a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based polymer (H2pdca-PDMS), focusing on the synthesis, forming mechanism, morphology control, and functions. The triphasic particles with well-defined morphologies were assembled through the microphase separation of the components in dichloromethane (DCM) droplets in an aqueous medium, induced by the gradual evaporation of the organic solvent. The real-time fluorescence emission spectra of the pyrenyl moieties and in situ microscopic observations show that the formation of the triphasic particles undergoes the segregation of the PCNAZO-rich phase, separation between P(MMA-co-PyMA)-rich and H2pdca-PDMS-rich phases, coalescence, and solidification in the dispersed droplets. The structure formation is due to the strong phase separation of the polymers as revealed by the calculations based on the Flory-Huggins theory. The morphologies and phase boundaries of the particles are found to be controlled by the interfacial energy between the phases and processing conditions. The triphasic particles thus obtained possess a series of interesting functions stemming from the polymers and the triple-compartmentalized structures. After being deposited on a substrate, the H2pdca-PDMS parts can tightly adhere on the surface, caused by the spreading nature of the polymer when slightly swelled by DCM. Upon irradiation with a linearly polarized laser beam at 488 nm, the azo polymer compartments show a significant elongation along the electric vibration direction of the polarized light, accompanied by the cooperative deformation of the H2pdca-PDMS pads. When dispersed in water and adhered on the substrate surface, the triphasic particles exhibit tunable colors originating from the fluorescence of the pyrenyl fluorophores and light absorption of the azo chromophores. The real-time investigation methods developed here could lead to the deep understanding of the structure formation process in the confined volume and be applied in phase-separation study of other polymers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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9
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Ba-Salem AO, Duhamel J. Determination of the Aggregation Number of Pyrene-Labeled Gemini Surfactant Micelles by Pyrene Fluorescence Quenching Measurements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6069-6079. [PMID: 33960794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A cationic gemini surfactant referred to as Py-3-12 and composed of two alkylated diammonium bromide head groups, a propyl spacer, and dodecyl and 1-pyrenehexyl hydrophobic tails was synthesized. Its critical micellar concentration (CMC) was determined to equal 0.15 (±0.02) mM by surface tension and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The state of the pyrene molecules, whether they were incorporated inside the Py-3-12 micelles or unassociated in the aqueous solution, was determined by applying the global model-free analysis (MFA) to the fluorescence decays acquired with Py-3-12 aqueous solutions. The unassociated Py-3-12 surfactants emitted as pyrene monomers and showed a long fluorescence lifetime. The excited pyrenyl groups located inside Py-3-12 micelles formed an excimer by a rapid encounter with a ground-state pyrene with an average rate constant equal to 0.69 (±0.06) ns-1. After having the photophysical properties of Py-3-12 in aqueous solution characterized, the number (Nagg) of surfactants per micelle was determined by conducting quenching experiments with dinitrotoluene (DNT). Although DNT is fairly hydrophobic, it was found to partition itself between the Py-3-12 micelles and the aqueous phase. Fluorescence quenching experiments performed on the pyrene monomer and excimer generated by the Py-3-12 aqueous solutions yielded the concentration ([Q]b) of DNT bound to the Py-3-12 micelles and the average number ⟨n⟩d of DNT quenching an excimer by diffusive encounters. A combination of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence quenching experiments on the excimer yielded the number (⟨n⟩s) of DNT molecules that were bound to the micelles and quenched the excimer in a static manner. A plot of the sum ⟨n⟩d + ⟨n⟩s as a function of [Q]b yielded an Nagg value of 14.0 (±0.2) Py-3-12 units per micelle. This study represents the first example in the literature where Nagg is determined for a micelle, where each surfactant molecule is labeled with pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah O Ba-Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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11
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Casier R, Duhamel J. Effect of Like Charges on the Conformation and Internal Dynamics of Polypeptides Probed by Pyrene Excimer Fluorescence. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Remi Casier
- Institute for Polymer Research, Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo N2L3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Institute for Polymer Research, Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo N2L3G1, Ontario, Canada
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Liao C, Huang H, Liang C, Wang X. Multifunctional Janus Particles Composed of Azo Polymer and Pyrene-Containing Polymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3159-3173. [PMID: 32134667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated Janus particles (JPs) composed of an azo polymer and a pyrene-containing polymer, focusing on preparation, formation mechanism, photoinduced deformation behavior, and fluorescent properties as well as tunable colors of the dispersions. A methacrylate-based copolymer containing pyrenyl groups (P(MMA-co-PyMA)) and two azo polymers, i.e., a methacrylate-based polymer (PCNAZO) and an epoxy-based polymer (CH-TZ-NT) both bearing push-pull-type azo chromophores, were synthesized for this purpose. Two types of Janus particles, P(MMA-co-PyMA)/PCNAZO JPs and P(MMA-co-PyMA)/CH-TZ-NT JPs, were fabricated through microphase separation of the components in the droplets dispersed in aqueous media, induced by the evaporation of the organic solvent. The process of JP formation was thoroughly investigated by exploiting the function of pyrene moieties as a molecular probe through measuring the fluorescence emission spectra at different times during the structure evolution. The photoluminescent (PL) intensity, excimer emission, and vibrational fine structure of the fluorescence spectra were observed to give information about phase separation and solidification occurred in the dispersed droplets. The observations were rationalized by analysis with ternary phase diagrams calculated on the basis of the Flory-Huggins theory. Upon irradiation with a linearly polarized laser beam at 488 nm, the azo polymer parts in the P(MMA-co-PyMA)/PCNAZO JPs were observed to be elongated along the electric vibration direction of the polarized light and transformed into particles with unique morphologies. The dispersions of JPs with different compositions of the two types of the polymers showed highly tunable color changes originating from both fluorescence of the pyrenyl fluorophores and light absorption of the azo chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Zahid NI, Ji L, Khyasudeen MF, Friedrich A, Hashim R, Marder TB, Abou-Zied OK. Evidence of Increased Hydrophobicity and Dynamics inside the Tail Region of Glycolipid Self-Assemblies Using 2- n-Alkyl-Pyrene Derivatives to Probe Different Locations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9584-9592. [PMID: 31287700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
New designer biofluorophores are being increasingly used in the investigation of complex cellular processes. In this study, we utilized new derivatives of pyrene (Py), i.e., 2-n-alkyl-pyrenes (Py-C4 and Py-C8), in order to probe different regions inside the hydrophobic tail of n-dodecyl β-d-maltoside (βMal-C12) in two different phases (cubic ↔ lamellar). Although the sensitivity to the local environment is reduced compared to that of Py, attaching C4 and C8 at the 2-position of Py can provide a possible means to probe the local hydrophobicity in different parts of the tail region. The absence of excimer fluorescence and the ratio of the vibronic fluorescence peak intensities (I1/I3) in a lipid environment indicate the existence of Py as monomers in the hydrophobic region, similar to hydrophobic solvation, yet close to the headgroup region. When Py is replaced by Py-C4 and Py-C8, there is a small increase in hydrophobicity (reduction in I1/I3) as the Py moiety is pulled deeper inside the tail region of both cubic and lamellar phases. The larger space of the tail region in the lamellar phase is reflected as more local hydrophobicity measured by the probes which can penetrate deep inside, whereas the curved structure of the cubic phase limits the available space for the probes. Three fluorescence lifetime components were measured in lipid, indicating the heterogeneous nature of the hydrophobic region. In the lamellar phase, a large reduction in the average lifetime value, led by the long decay component, was measured for Py-C4 (reduction by 25%) and Py-C8 (45%) compared to that of the parent Py. This observation suggests the presence of a mechanism of interaction more collisional than static between the Py moiety and the tail region of the bilayer unit due to the ample space provided by the lamellar phase as the probe is buried deeper inside the hydrophobic region. A much smaller effect was observed in the cubic phase and was correlated with the tight environment around the probes, which stems from the increased curvature of the cubic phase. The current results provide a deeper understanding of the hydrophobic region during phase transition of lipid self-assembly which is important for better control during the process of membrane-protein crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Idayu Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Postal Code 123 , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - M Faisal Khyasudeen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Postal Code 123 , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Rauzah Hashim
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Osama K Abou-Zied
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Postal Code 123 , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
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Hu C, Du Z, Tai X, Liu X. Study on the interactions between SDBS/SOE-60 mixed surfactant and PVP in solution. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hu
- China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry, No. 34 Wenyuan Road; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Du
- China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry, No. 34 Wenyuan Road; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering; Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road; Taiyuan 030006 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Tai
- China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry, No. 34 Wenyuan Road; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry, No. 34 Wenyuan Road; Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
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15
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Wang H, Han Y, Yuan W, Wu M, Chen Y. Self-Assembly of Azobenzene Derivatives into Organogels and Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1173-1179. [PMID: 29453904 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new class of coil-rod-coil molecules with an azobenzene core was synthesized. They were found to form robust organogels in several organic solvents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), FTIR spectroscopy, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that in these organogels, the molecules self-assembled into a nanofiber network with an H-type aggregation mode under the joint effect of π-π stacking, intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. Interestingly, the incorporation of the azobenzene mesogene into the rigid core led to photoisomerizable liquid crystal materials, which exhibited quick responsiveness to light and temperature, along with the trans-cis transition stimulated by UV light and heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
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16
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Hu C, Du Z, Tai X, Mao X, Liu X. The property study of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate and polyvinylpyrrolidone complexes. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Thoma JL, Duhamel J, Li MJ, Bertocchi MJ, Weiss RG. Long-Range, Polymer Chain Dynamics of a “Stiff” Polymer. Fluorescence from Poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) with N-(1-Pyrenylmethyl)succinimide Groups. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mei-Jin Li
- Key
Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety (Ministry
of Education and Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
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18
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Han Y, Zhu B, Chen Y, Bo Z, Chen Y. Amphiphilic dendrons with a pyrene functional group at the focal point: synthesis, self-assembly and generation-dependent DNA condensation. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic amphiphiles with a dual-functional pyrene as a fluorescent probe and hydrophobe at the focal point exhibited generation-dependent self-assembly and DNA condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
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19
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Self-aggregation of the pyrene labeled poly(acrylic acid) in nanoscopically crowded environments. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Sheng Y, Ma J, Liu S, Wang Y, Zhu C, Cheng Y. Strong and Reversible Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emission of a Chiral 1,8-Naphthalimide Fluorophore Induced by Excimer Emission and Orderly Aggregation. Chemistry 2016; 22:9519-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sheng
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Cheng
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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