1
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Lama B, Sarma M. Ultrafast Hot Exciton Nonadiabatic Excited-State Dynamics in Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Analogue. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6786-6796. [PMID: 38959128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The ultrafast high-energy nonadiabatic excited-state dynamics of the benzylidenedimethylimidazolinone chromophore dimer has been investigated using an electronic structure method coupled with on-the-fly quantitative wave function analysis to gain insight into the photophysics of hot excitons in biological systems. The dynamical simulation provides a rationalization of the behavior of the exciton in a dimer after the photoabsorption of light to higher-energy states. The results suggest that hot exciton localization within the manifold of excited states is caused by the hindrance of torsional rotation due to imidazolinone (I) or phenolate (P) bonds i.e., ΦI- or ΦP-dihedral rotation, in the monomeric units of a dimer. This hindrance arises due to weak π-π stacking interaction in the dimer, resulting in an energetically uphill excited-state barrier for ΦI- and ΦP-twisted rotation, impeding the isomerization process in the chromophore. Thus, this study highlights the potential impact of the weak π-π interaction in regulating the photodynamics of the green fluorescent protein chromophore derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bittu Lama
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Manabendra Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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2
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Ashworth EK, Kao MH, Anstöter CS, Riesco-Llach G, Blancafort L, Solntsev KM, Meech SR, Verlet JRR, Bull JN. Alkylated green fluorescent protein chromophores: dynamics in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23626-23636. [PMID: 37649445 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03250g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent labelling of macromolecular samples, including using the green fluorescent protein (GFP), has revolutionised the field of bioimaging. The ongoing development of fluorescent proteins require a detailed understanding of the photophysics of the biochromophore, and how chemical derivatisation influences the excited state dynamics. Here, we investigate the photophysical properties associated with the S1 state of three alkylated derivatives of the chromophore in GFP, in the gas phase using time-resolved photoelectron imaging, and in water using femtosecond fluorescence upconversion. The gas-phase lifetimes (1.6-10 ps), which are associated with the intrinsic (environment independent) dynamics, are substantially longer than the lifetimes in water (0.06-3 ps), attributed to stabilisation of both twisted intermediate structures and conical intersection seams in the condensed phase. In the gas phase, alkylation on the 3 and 5 positions of the phenyl ring slows the dynamics due to inertial effects, while a 'pre-twist' of the methine bridge through alkylation on the 2 and 6 positions significantly shortens the excited state lifetimes. Formation of a minor, long-lived (≫ 40 ps) excited state population in the gas phase is attributed to intersystem crossing to a triplet state, accessed because of a T1/S1 degeneracy in the so-called P-trap potential energy minimum associated with torsion of the single-bond in the bridging unit connecting to the phenoxide ring. A small amount of intersystem crossing is supported through TD-DFT molecular dynamics trajectories and MS-CASPT2 calculations. No such intersystem crossing occurs in water at T = 300 K or in ethanol at T ≈ 77 K, due to a significantly altered potential energy surface and P-trap geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor K Ashworth
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Min-Hsien Kao
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Cate S Anstöter
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Gerard Riesco-Llach
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M.A. Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M.A. Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Kyril M Solntsev
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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3
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Lama B, Sarma M. Unraveling the Mechanistic Pathway for the Dual Fluorescence in Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Chromophore Analogue: A Detailed Theoretical Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9930-9944. [PMID: 36354358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of the para-sulfonamide (p-TsABDI) analogue of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore with both proton donating and accepting sites have been exploited in polar solvents to understand the origin of the unusual dual fluorescence nature of the chromophore. In the polar solvents, the compound undergoes structural rearrangement upon photoexcitation, leading to the ultrafast excited-state intermolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomenon at the S1 surface. In this work, we employed both the static electronic structure calculations and on-the-fly molecular dynamics simulation to unravel the underlying reason for this peculiar behavior of the p-TsABDI analogue in polar solvents. To represent this adequately and provide extensive information on the ESIPT mechanism mediated by the solvent molecules, we considered explicit solvent molecules using the integral equation formalism variant of polarizable continuum (IEFPCM) model. From the static calculation analysis, we can conclude that the dual emissive behavior of the compound is ascribed to the proton transfer (PT) phenomena in the excited-state. However, based on the static calculation exclusively, it is hard to ascertain the mechanistic pathway of the PT phenomena. Hence, to investigate the dynamics and reaction mechanism for the ESIPT process, we performed the on-the-fly dynamics simulation for p-TsABDI in solvent clusters. Dynamics simulation results reveal that, based on the time lag between all the proton transfer processes, the ESIPT mechanism occurs in a stepwise manner from the benzylidene moiety of the chromophore to its imidazolinone moiety. However, the nonexistence of crossings between the S1- and S0-states confirms the PT characteristics of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bittu Lama
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
| | - Manabendra Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
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4
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Boulanger SA, Chen C, Myasnyanko IN, Baranov MS, Fang C. Fluorescence Modulation of ortho-Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophores Following Ultrafast Proton Transfer in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5081-5093. [PMID: 35786966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photophysical and photochemical properties of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore and derivatives underlie their bioimaging applications. To date, ultrafast spectroscopic tools represent the key for unraveling fluorescence mechanisms toward rational design of this powerful biomimetic framework. To correlate the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) with chromophore emission properties, we implement experimental and computational tool sets to elucidate real-time electronic and structural dynamics of two archetypal ortho-GFP chromophores (o-HBDI and o-LHBDI) possessing an intramolecular hydrogen bond to undergo efficient ESIPT, only differing in a bridge-bond constraint. Using excited-state femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), a low-frequency phenolic (P)-ring-deformation mode (∼562 cm-1) was uncovered to accompany ESIPT. The tautomerized chromophore undergoes either rapid P-ring isomerization to reach the ground state with essentially no fluorescence for o-HBDI or enhanced (up to an impressive 180-fold in acetonitrile) and solvent-polarity-dependent fluorescence by P-ring locking in o-LHBDI. The significant dependence of the fluorescence enhancement ratio on solvent viscosity confirms P-ring isomerization as the dominant nonradiative decay pathway for o-HBDI. This work provides crucial insights into the dynamic solute-solvent electrostatic and steric interactions, enabling the application-specific improvement of ESIPT-capable molecules as versatile fluorescence-based sensors and imaging agents from large Stokes shift emission to brighter probes in physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Boulanger
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ivan N Myasnyanko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Baranov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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5
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Kovács E, Cseri L, Jancsó A, Terényi F, Fülöp A, Rózsa B, Galbács G, Mucsi Z. Synthesis and Fluorescence Mechanism of the Aminoimidazolone Analogues of the Green Fluorescent Protein: Towards Advanced Dyes with Enhanced Stokes Shift, Quantum Yield and Two‐Photon Absorption. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ervin Kovács
- Department of Chemistry Femtonics Inc. Tűzoltó u. 58 1094 Budapest Hungary
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Levente Cseri
- Department of Chemistry Femtonics Inc. Tűzoltó u. 58 1094 Budapest Hungary
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science The University of Manchester The Mill, Sackville Street Manchester M1 3BB United Kingdom
| | - Attila Jancsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Ferenc Terényi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Anna Fülöp
- Department of Chemistry Femtonics Inc. Tűzoltó u. 58 1094 Budapest Hungary
| | - Balázs Rózsa
- Two-Photon Measurement Technology Research Group The Faculty of Information Technology Pázmány Péter Catholic University Práter u. 50/A Budapest 1083 Hungary
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Imaging of Neuronal Networks and Dendritic Integration Institute of Experimental Medicine Szigony utca 43 Budapest 1083 Hungary
| | - Gábor Galbács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mucsi
- Department of Chemistry Femtonics Inc. Tűzoltó u. 58 1094 Budapest Hungary
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering University of Miskolc Egyetem út 1 Miskolc 3515 Hungary
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6
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Terpugov EL, Udaltsov SN, Degtyareva OV. Study of the Spectral Characteristics of L-Lysine and L-Arginine Using UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Steady-State and Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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7
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Zhang H, Li W, Wang Y, Tao Y, Wang Y, Yang F, Gao Z. Solvation effect on the ESIPT mechanism of nitrile-substituted ortho-hydroxy-2-phenyl-oxazolines. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25795-25800. [PMID: 35478890 PMCID: PMC9037208 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) were used to unveil the solvation effects on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of nitrile-substituted ortho-hydroxy-2-phenyl-oxazoline (NOHPO) molecules in three different solvents. According to the functional analysis of the reduced density gradient, hydrogen bond in low-polar solvents is stronger compared to that in high-polar solvents, indicating that proton transfer (PT) can be influenced by the polarity of the solvent. Moreover, the geometric parameters and infrared vibration spectrum of NOHPO in different types of solvents in the S0 and S1 state were compared, which confirmed the above results. By analyzing electronic spectra and frontier molecular orbitals, it was found that the spectral properties were affected by different polar solvents. Molecular electrostatic potential surface calculations proved that PT took place between the H2 atom and N3 atom, and the natural population analysis and Hirshfeld charge reveal the charge distribution after photoexcitation. To investigate the ESIPT progress intensively, the potential energy curves of NOHPO in three types of solvents were established. The findings revealed that NOHPO could transform from enol to keto form in the S1 state spontaneously, and ESIPT progress was promoted with the decrease in polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China +86 0411 86323646 +86 0411 86323646
| | - Wenzhi Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China +86 0411 86323646 +86 0411 86323646
| | - Yuxi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China +86 0411 86323646 +86 0411 86323646
| | - Yaping Tao
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471022 P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China +86 0411 86323646 +86 0411 86323646
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China +86 0411 86323646 +86 0411 86323646
| | - Ziqing Gao
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian 116034 P. R. China +86 0411 86323646 +86 0411 86323646
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8
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Christopoulou G, Freibert A, Worth GA. Improved algorithm for the direct dynamics variational multi-configurational Gaussian method. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:124127. [PMID: 33810697 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Direct Dynamics variational Multi-Configurational Gaussian (DD-vMCG) method provides a fully quantum mechanical solution to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the time evolution of nuclei with potential surfaces calculated on-the-fly using a quantum chemistry program. Initial studies have shown its potential for flexible and accurate simulations of non-adiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics. In this paper, we present developments to the DD-vMCG algorithm that improve both its accuracy and efficiency. First, a new, efficient parallel algorithm to control the DD-vMCG database of quantum chemistry points is presented along with improvements to the Shepard interpolation scheme. Second, the use of symmetry in describing the potential surfaces is introduced along with a new phase convention in the propagation diabatization. Benchmark calculations on the allene radical cation including all degrees of freedom then show that the new scheme is able to produce a consistent non-adiabatic coupling vector field. This new DD-vMCG version thus opens the route for effectively and accurately treating complex chemical systems using quantum dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Freibert
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Graham A Worth
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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9
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Liu ZY, Hu JW, Huang TH, Chen KY, Chou PT. Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in the kinetic-control regime. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22271-22278. [PMID: 33001109 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03408h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A new series of molecules bearing a 2,11-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[de]indeno[1,2-b]quinoline (CPIQ) chromophore with the N-HN type of intramolecular hydrogen bond are strategically designed and synthesized, among which CPIQ-OH, CPIQ-NHAc and CPIQ-NHTs in solution exhibit a single emission band with an anomalously large Stokes shift, whereas CPIQ-NH2 and CPIQ-NHMe show apparent dual-emission property. This, in combination with time-resolved spectroscopy and the computational approach, leads us to conclude that CPIQ-OH, CPIQ-NHAc and CPIQ-NHTs undergo ultrafast, highly exergonic excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), while a finite rate of ESIPT is observed for CPIQ-NH2 and CPIQ-NHMe with a time constant of 117 ps and 39 ps, respectively, in acetonitrile at room-temperature. Further temperature-dependent studies deduce an appreciable ESIPT barrier for CPIQ-NH2 and CPIQ-NHMe. Different from most of the barrier associated ESIPT molecules that are commonly in the thermodynamic-control regime, i.e. found in the thermal pre-equilibrium between excited normal and proton-transfer tautomer states, CPIQ-NH2 and CPIQ-NHMe cases are in the kinetic-control regime where ESIPT is irreversible with a significant barrier. The barrier is able to be tuned by the electronic properties of the -R group in the NR-H proton donor site, resulting in ratiometric fluorescence for normal versus tautomer emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, Republic of China.
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10
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Bhattacharya B, Roy D, Dey S, Puthuvakkal A, Bhunia S, Mondal S, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharya M, Mandal M, Manoj K, Mandal PK, Reddy CM. Mechanical‐Bending‐Induced Fluorescence Enhancement in Plastically Flexible Crystals of a GFP Chromophore Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Debjit Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Anisha Puthuvakkal
- Photosciences and Photonics Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Surojit Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Saikat Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Manjima Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Kochunnoonny Manoj
- Photosciences and Photonics Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Prasun K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - C. Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM) Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246 Nadia, West Bengal India
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11
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Bhattacharya B, Roy D, Dey S, Puthuvakkal A, Bhunia S, Mondal S, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharya M, Mandal M, Manoj K, Mandal PK, Reddy CM. Mechanical-Bending-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement in Plastically Flexible Crystals of a GFP Chromophore Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19878-19883. [PMID: 32667123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Single crystals of optoelectronic materials that respond to external stimuli, such as mechanical, light, or heat, are immensely attractive for next generation smart materials. Here we report single crystals of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore analogue with irreversible mechanical bending and associated unusual enhancement of the fluorescence, which is attributed to the strained molecular packing in the perturbed region. Soft crystalline materials with such fluorescence intensity modulations occurring in response to mechanical stimuli under ambient pressure conditions will have potential implications for the design of technologically relevant tunable fluorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Debjit Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Anisha Puthuvakkal
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Surojit Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Manjima Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Kochunnoonny Manoj
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
| | - Prasun K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials (CAFM), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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12
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Chatterjee S, Ahire K, Karuso P. Room-Temperature Dual Fluorescence of a Locked Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Analogue. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:738-749. [PMID: 31846319 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A structurally locked green fluorescent protein (GFP) chromophore with a phenyl group at C(2) of the imidazolone has been synthesized. Rotation around the exocyclic double bond is hindered, resulting in room-temperature fluorescence. The quantum yield in water is 500 times greater than that of unlocked analogues. Unlike the methyl-substituted analogue, the phenyl analogue exhibits a dual emission (cyan and red) that can be used for ultrasensitive ratiometric measurements and fluorescence microscopy. To explain this dual emission, DFT calculations were carried out along with fluorescence upconversion experiments. The Z-isomer was found to be emissive, while the origin of the dual emission was dependent on the phenyl group in the Z-isomer, which stabilizes the Franck-Condon state, resulting in a cyan fluorescence, while the zwitterionic tautomer fluoresces red. These results bring important new insights into the photophysics of the GFP chromophore and provide a new scaffold capable of dual emission with utility in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumit Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , NSW 2109 , Australia
| | - Ketan Ahire
- Department of Molecular Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , NSW 2109 , Australia
| | - Peter Karuso
- Department of Molecular Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , NSW 2109 , Australia
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13
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Roohi H, Alizadeh P. Fine-tuned dual fluorescence behavior of N-substituted aniline-imidazopyridine based switches: Mechanistic understanding, substituent and solvent effects. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 214:407-428. [PMID: 30802798 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the fine-tuned photo-physical behaviors of the N(X)-H⋯N systems, the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) switching in the N-substituted X1-5-NHIPA molecules (NHIPA = 2-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)aniline and X = H, COCH3, CH3C6H4SO2, C6F5SO2, and COCF3) were investigated in detail in gas phase and three solvent media at TD-PBE0/6-311++G(d,p) and TD-M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory. ESIPT reactions at S1 state were approximately without energy barrier, exergonic processes and were quantitatively demonstrated to be mainly sensitive to substituents and solvent media. The X-NHIPA (X = CH3C6H4SO2, C6F5SO2 and CF3CO) compounds were predicted to undergo fast, irreversible proton transfer at S1 state and, in turn, exhibit tautomer emission with anomalous large Stokes shift in the gas phase. In the toluene solvent, except for C6F5SO2-NHIPA that showed exclusively a tautomer emission with a long wavelength, all other X-NHIPA molecules were predicted to involve in the reversible ESIPT and hence exhibit a dual normal and tautomer emissions behavior, in good agreement with the experimental observations. In polar solvents, it is expected that all compounds show dual normal and tautomer emissions. The nearly equal intensities of the normal and tautomer emissions can lead to the generation of the white lights with the potential in lighting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Roohi
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Parvaneh Alizadeh
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Schramm S, Weiß D. Fluorescent heterocycles: Recent trends and new developments. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Spectroscopic Studies of Dual Fluorescence in 2-(4-Fluorophenylamino)-5-(2,4-dihydroxybenzeno)-1,3,4-thiadiazole: Effect of Molecular Aggregation in a Micellar System. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112861. [PMID: 30400242 PMCID: PMC6278424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The article presents the results of spectroscopic studies focused on a selected compound from the 1,3,4-thiadiazole group-2-(4-fluorophenylamino)-5-(2,4-dihydroxybenzeno)-1,3,4-thia-diazole (FABT)-in a micellar system formed by Triton X-100, a non-ionic detergent. Fluorescence measurements revealed the phenomenon of dual fluorescence whose emergence is related to the particular molecular organisation of the compound, which depends both on the concentration of the detergent and, most of all, the concentration of the compound itself. Dual fluorescence of FABT in a micellar system was observed for the compound dissolved in a methanol aqueous system, i.e., an environment wherein the dual fluorescence of the compound had never been reported before. Based on the interpretation of UV-Vis electronic absorption, resonance light scattering (RLS), emission and excitation fluorescence spectra, as well as measurements of dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we were able to relate the occurrence of this effect to the process of molecular aggregation taking place between FABT molecules in the micellar system in question. Results of fluorescence spectra measurements and time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) indicate that dual fluorescence occurs at detergent concentrations necessary to form micellar systems, which in turn facilitate the process of aggregation of FABT molecules. The correlation between the observed fluorescence effects and the previous measurements performed for analogues from this group suggests the possibility of charge transfer (CT) within the range of detergent concentrations wherein the aforementioned fluorescence effects are observed. It ought to be emphasised that this type of fluorescence effects are relatively easy to induce, which predisposes this groups of fluorophores as ideal fluorescence probes in the context of biological samples.
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16
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Singh A, Badi-Uz-Zama K, Ramanathan G. Protonation of the imino nitrogen deactivates the excited state of imidazolin-5-one in the solid state. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Xiao B, Yu XF, Li Q, Cheng J. Photophysical properties and excited state proton transfer in 1,8-Dihydroxydibenzo[a,h]phenazine: A theoretical study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Dhamija S, Thakur B, Guptasarma P, De AK. Probing the excited state dynamics of Venus: origin of dual-emission in fluorescent proteins. Faraday Discuss 2018; 207:39-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00187h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We present studies on a yellow fluorescent protein variant, Venus, and investigate the photophysics behind the dual emission upon UV excitation in fluorescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina Dhamija
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Bhisham Thakur
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Purnananda Guptasarma
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Arijit K. De
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
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19
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Guo WW, Fang YG, Fang Q, Cui GL. Mechanistic Insights into the Photophysics of Ortho-hydroxyl GFP Core Chromophores. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/30/cjcp1709179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ye-guang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qiu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gang-long Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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20
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McLaughlin C, Assmann M, Parkes MA, Woodhouse JL, Lewin R, Hailes HC, Worth GA, Fielding HH. ortho and para chromophores of green fluorescent protein: controlling electron emission and internal conversion. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1621-1630. [PMID: 29780449 PMCID: PMC5933426 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03833f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) continues to play an important role in the biological and biochemical sciences as an efficient fluorescent probe and is also known to undergo light-induced redox transformations. Here, we employ photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations to investigate how the phenoxide moiety controls the competition between electron emission and internal conversion in the isolated GFP chromophore anion, following photoexcitation with ultraviolet light in the range 400-230 nm. We find that moving the phenoxide group from the para position to the ortho position enhances internal conversion back to the ground electronic state but that adding an additional OH group to the para chromophore, at the ortho position, impedes internal conversion. Guided by quantum chemistry calculations, we interpret these observations in terms of torsions around the C-C-C bridge being enhanced by electrostatic repulsions or impeded by the formation of a hydrogen-bonded seven-membered ring. We also find that moving the phenoxide group from the para position to the ortho position reduces the energy required for detachment processes, whereas adding an additional OH group to the para chromophore at the ortho position increases the energy required for detachment processes. These results have potential applications in tuning light-induced redox processes of this biologically and technologically important fluorescent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , UK .
| | - Mariana Assmann
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , UK .
| | - Michael A Parkes
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , UK .
| | - Joanne L Woodhouse
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , UK .
| | - Ross Lewin
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , UK .
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , UK .
| | - Graham A Worth
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , UK .
| | - Helen H Fielding
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , UK .
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Chatterjee T, Lacombat F, Yadav D, Mandal M, Plaza P, Espagne A, Mandal PK. Ultrafast Dynamics of a Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Analogue: Competition between Excited-State Proton Transfer and Torsional Relaxation. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9716-22. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) - Kolkata, Mohanpur, West-Bengal 741246, India
| | - Fabien Lacombat
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06,
ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dheerendra Yadav
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06,
ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) - Kolkata, Mohanpur, West-Bengal 741246, India
| | - Pascal Plaza
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06,
ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Agathe Espagne
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06,
ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Prasun K. Mandal
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) - Kolkata, Mohanpur, West-Bengal 741246, India
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Chatterjee T, Mandal M, Mandal PK. Solvent H-bond accepting ability induced conformational change and its influence towards fluorescence enhancement and dual fluorescence of hydroxy meta-GFP chromophore analogue. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24332-42. [PMID: 27530959 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04219h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of structural rigidity towards enhancement of fluorescence quantum yield of GFP chromophore analogues has been documented. In the present study, a new way of enhancing the fluorescence quantum yield of two ortho-meta GFP chromophore analogues meta-methoxy-ortho-hydroxy-benzylimidazolidinone (abbreviated as mOMe-HBDI) and meta-diethylamino-ortho-hydroxyl imidazolidinone (abbreviated as MOHIM) has been reported. This enhancement is controlled by the H-bond accepting ability (denoted as β value) of the solvent and happens only in the case of GFP chromophore analogues having ortho (hydroxyl)-meta (electron donating group) and not in the case of analogues having a para electron donating group. The ground state (solid) conformation of mOMe-HBDI has been obtained from single crystal X-ray analysis, exhibiting the existence of strong intramolecular H-bonding. However, in solution phase, as the solvent β value increases, the strength of intramolecular H-bonding decreases. This process has strong influence on the relative conformational orientation of phenyl and imidazolidinone rings. For mOMe-HBDI, fluorescence quantum yield increases with increase in β value of the solvents. However, the effect of solvent polarity cannot be completely ruled out. The lower wavelength emission band (∼480 nm) has been assigned to the normal charge-transferred (CT) species, whereas the highly Stokes shifted emission band (∼660 nm) has been assigned to the proton-transferred (PT) tautomer species for mOMe-HBDI. In solvents of low β value (say hexane) only the PT band and in solvents of high β value (say DMSO) only the CT band is observed. Quite interestingly, in solvents of intermediate β value both CT and PT bands, thus dual emission, are observed. For mOMe-HBDI when fluorescence decay is monitored at the normal CT emission band, it is observed to be biexponential in nature. The short component increases from ∼0.2 ns to 0.6 ns and the long component increases from 1 to 3.6 ns as the β value of the solvent increases. For a particular solvent, when fluorescence decay is monitored at the normal CT band, as the monitoring wavelength increases the amplitude of the long lifetime component increases and that of the short lifetime component decreases. Time-resolved area-normalised emission spectral (TRANES) analysis confirms the possible existence of two conformers having differential stabilisation by solvent polarity. When fluorescence decay is monitored at the PT band an instrument response limited (<60 ps) decay is noted. Strong support in favour of the above-mentioned structural, steady state and time-resolved optical observations and analyses has been obtained from the methoxy derivative mOMe-MBDI and MOMIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West-Bengal 741246, India.
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