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Piskorz T, Perez-Chirinos L, Qiao B, Sasselli IR. Tips and Tricks in the Modeling of Supramolecular Peptide Assemblies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:31254-31273. [PMID: 39072142 PMCID: PMC11270692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular peptide assemblies (SPAs) hold promise as materials for nanotechnology and biomedicine. Although their investigation often entails adapting experimental techniques from their protein counterparts, SPAs are fundamentally distinct from proteins, posing unique challenges for their study. Computational methods have emerged as indispensable tools for gaining deeper insights into SPA structures at the molecular level, surpassing the limitations of experimental techniques, and as screening tools to reduce the experimental search space. However, computational studies have grappled with issues stemming from the absence of standardized procedures and relevant crystal structures. Fundamental disparities between SPAs and protein simulations, such as the absence of experimentally validated initial structures and the importance of the simulation size, number of molecules, and concentration, have compounded these challenges. Understanding the roles of various parameters and the capabilities of different models and simulation setups remains an ongoing endeavor. In this review, we aim to provide readers with guidance on the parameters to consider when conducting SPA simulations, elucidating their potential impact on outcomes and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Perez-Chirinos
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City
University of New York, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Ivan R. Sasselli
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM), CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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Zbonikowski R, Mente P, Bończak B, Paczesny J. Adaptive 2D and Pseudo-2D Systems: Molecular, Polymeric, and Colloidal Building Blocks for Tailored Complexity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:855. [PMID: 36903733 PMCID: PMC10005801 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional and pseudo-2D systems come in various forms. Membranes separating protocells from the environment were necessary for life to occur. Later, compartmentalization allowed for the development of more complex cellular structures. Nowadays, 2D materials (e.g., graphene, molybdenum disulfide) are revolutionizing the smart materials industry. Surface engineering allows for novel functionalities, as only a limited number of bulk materials have the desired surface properties. This is realized via physical treatment (e.g., plasma treatment, rubbing), chemical modifications, thin film deposition (using both chemical and physical methods), doping and formulation of composites, or coating. However, artificial systems are usually static. Nature creates dynamic and responsive structures, which facilitates the formation of complex systems. The challenge of nanotechnology, physical chemistry, and materials science is to develop artificial adaptive systems. Dynamic 2D and pseudo-2D designs are needed for future developments of life-like materials and networked chemical systems in which the sequences of the stimuli would control the consecutive stages of the given process. This is crucial to achieving versatility, improved performance, energy efficiency, and sustainability. Here, we review the advancements in studies on adaptive, responsive, dynamic, and out-of-equilibrium 2D and pseudo-2D systems composed of molecules, polymers, and nano/microparticles.
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3
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Baltutis V, O'Leary PD, Martin LL. Self-Assembly of Linear, Natural Antimicrobial Peptides: An Evolutionary Perspective. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200240. [PMID: 36198638 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are an ancient and innate system of host defence against a wide range of microbial assailants. Mechanistically, unstructured peptides undergo a secondary structure transition into amphipathic α-helices, upon contact with membrane surfaces. This leads to peptide binding and removal of the membrane components in a detergent-like manner or via self-organisation into trans-membrane pores (either barrel-stave or toroidal pore) thereby destroying the microbe. Self-assembly of antimicrobial peptides into oligomers and ultimately amyloid has been mostly examined in parallel, however recent findings link diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease as an aberrant activity of a protective neuropeptide with antimicrobial activity. These self-assembled oligomers can also interact with membranes. Here, we review those antimicrobial peptides reported to self-assemble into amyloid, where supported by structural evidence. We consider their membrane activities as antimicrobial peptides and present evidence of consistent self-assembly patterns across major evolutionary groups. Trends are apparent across these groups, supporting the mounting data that self-assembly of antimicrobial peptides into amyloid should be considered as synergistic to the antimicrobial peptide response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity Baltutis
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Paul D O'Leary
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Lisandra L Martin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Vic, Australia
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Borrego M, Martín-Alfonso JE, Valencia C, Sánchez MC, Franco JM. Impact of the Morphology of Electrospun Lignin/Ethylcellulose Nanostructures on Their Capacity to Thicken Castor Oil. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4741. [PMID: 36365734 PMCID: PMC9653879 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports on a novel strategy for manufacturing thickened gel-like castor oil formulations by dispersing electrospun lignin/ethylcellulose nanostructures. These thickened formulations were rheologically and tribologically evaluated with the aim of being proposed as alternative ecofriendly lubricating greases. Low-sulfonate kraft lignin (LSL) and ethylcellulose (EC) were dissolved in a DMAc:THF mixture at different concentrations (8, 10, and 15 wt.%) and LSL:EC ratios (50:50, 70:30, and 90:10) and subjected to electrospinning. The resulting electrospun nanostructures were morphologically characterized. EC acting as the cospinning polymer improved both LSL spinnability and the oil structuring ability. Solutions with a high lignin content achieved microsized particles connected by fibrils, whereas solutions with a high EC content (50:50 ratio) and LSL/EC total concentration (10 and 15 wt.%) yielded beaded or bead-free nanofibers, due to enhanced extensional viscoelastic properties and nonNewtonian characteristics. The gel-like properties of electrospun nanostructure dispersions in castor oil were strengthened with the nanostructure concentration and the EC:LSL ratio, as a result of the formation of a more interconnected fiber network. The oleodispersions studied exhibited a satisfactory frictional response in a tribological contact, with friction coefficient values that were comparable to those achieved with traditional lithium-lubricating greases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José E. Martín-Alfonso
- Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center (Pro2TecS), Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, ETSI, Campus de “El Carmen”, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
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5
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Pei P, Chen L, Fan R, Zhou XR, Feng S, Liu H, Guo Q, Yin H, Zhang Q, Sun F, Peng L, Wei P, He C, Qiao R, Wang Z, Luo SZ. Computer-Aided Design of Lasso-like Self-Assembling Anticancer Peptides with Multiple Functions for Targeted Self-Delivery and Cancer Treatments. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13783-13799. [PMID: 36099446 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer peptides are promising drug candidates for cancer treatment, but the short circulation time and low delivery efficiency limit their clinical applications. Herein, we designed several lasso-like self-assembling anticancer peptides (LASAPs) integrated with multiple functions by a computer-aided approach. Among these LASAPs, LASAP1 (CRGDKGPDCGKAFRRFLGALFKALSHLL, 1-9 disulfide bond) was determined to be superior to the others because it can self-assemble into homogeneous nanoparticles and exhibits improved stability in serum. Thus, LASAP1 was chosen for proving the design idea. LASAP1 can self-assemble into nanoparticles displaying iRGD on the surface because of its amphiphilic structure and accumulate to the tumor site after injection because of the EPR effect and iRGD targeting to αVβ3 integrin. The nanoparticles could disassemble in the acidic microenvironment of the solid tumor, and cleaved by the overexpressed hK2, which was secreted by prostate tumor cells, to release the effector peptide PTP-7b (FLGALFKALSHLL), which was further activated by the acidic pH. Therefore, LASAP1 could target the orthotopic prostate tumor in the model mice after intraperitoneal injection and specifically inhibit tumor growth, with low systematic toxicity. Combining the multiple targeting functions, LASAP1 represents a promising design of self-delivery of peptide drugs for targeted cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Pei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Ruru Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Rui Zhou
- Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Hangrui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Quanqiang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Huiwei Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Fude Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Liang Peng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhi He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Renzhong Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zai Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Zhong Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Chen H, Zhang T, Tian Y, You L, Huang Y, Wang S. Novel self-assembling peptide hydrogel with pH-tunable assembly microstructure, gel mechanics and the entrapment of curcumin. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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7
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Chen H, Cai X, Cheng J, Wang S. Self-assembling peptides: Molecule-nanostructure-function and application on food industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Mocanu CS, Petre BA, Ion LD, Drochioiu G, Niculaua M, Stoica I, Homocianu M, Nita LE, Gradinaru VR. Structural Characterization of a New Collagen Biomimetic Octapeptide with Nanoscale Self‐assembly Potential: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100462. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabi Drochioiu
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi Chemistry ROMANIA
| | - Marius Niculaua
- Romanian Academy Iasi Branch: Academia Romana Filiala Iasi Research Center for Oenology ROMANIA
| | - Iuliana Stoica
- Romanian Academy Iasi Branch: Academia Romana Filiala Iasi Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry ROMANIA
| | - Mihaela Homocianu
- Romanian Academy Iasi Branch: Academia Romana Filiala Iasi Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry ROMANIA
| | - Loredana Elena Nita
- Romanian Academy Iasi Branch: Academia Romana Filiala Iasi Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry ROMANIA
| | - Vasile Robert Gradinaru
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University: Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza Chemistry Carol av, No 11 700506 Iasi ROMANIA
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Alessandri R, Grünewald F, Marrink SJ. The Martini Model in Materials Science. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008635. [PMID: 33956373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Martini model, a coarse-grained force field initially developed with biomolecular simulations in mind, has found an increasing number of applications in the field of soft materials science. The model's underlying building block principle does not pose restrictions on its application beyond biomolecular systems. Here, the main applications to date of the Martini model in materials science are highlighted, and a perspective for the future developments in this field is given, particularly in light of recent developments such as the new version of the model, Martini 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Alessandri
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Grünewald
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
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10
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Sheng S, Yin X, Chen F, Lv Y, Zhang L, Cao M, Sun Y. Preparation and Characterization of PVA-Co-PE Drug-Loaded Nanofiber Membrane by Electrospinning Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:199. [PMID: 32676796 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new transdermal drug delivery system of nanofiber membrane with good biocompatibility and high drug loading was developed by electrospinning technology in this study. Using vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene (PVA-co-PE) polymer as a spinning matrix and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) sulindac (SUL) as a model drug, the SUL@PVA-co-PE nanofiber membrane was prepared and characterized systematically. The morphology, molecular vibrational transitions, thermogravimetric attributes, and in vitro drug release and transdermal characteristics of drug-loaded nanofiber membranes were analyzed. The results indicated that the surface of PVA-co-PE nanofibers was uniform and smooth with the diameter ranged from 461 to 696 nm. Notably in vitro simulation experiments demonstrated that SUL@PVA-co-PE nanofiber membrane could provide a continuous drug release to reach the effective concentration of the drug, and exhibited significantly higher cumulative drug permeability compared to commercially available patches, Taken together, PVA-co-PE nanofiber membranes exhibited the characteristics of high drug loading and stability, and represented the potential to be utilized as a new transdermal drug delivery carrier with pronounced development prospect.
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12
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Chen X, Ji S, Li A, Liu H, Fei H. Toggling Preassembly with Single-Site Mutation Switches the Cytotoxic Mechanism of Cationic Amphipathic Peptides. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1132-1141. [PMID: 31927997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Precise regulation of membrane-active peptide activity is a frontier of research to facilitate its applicational translation. A clear understanding of how a peptide's physicochemical properties determine its mode of action (MOA) will aid the process. Herein, anionic glutamate residue-based scanning was applied to the hydrophobic surface of a self-assembling lysine-rich cationic amphipathic peptide (CAP) KL1. Single-site mutations from leucine to glutamate dramatically changed the MOA of all mutants from membranolytic to nonlytic. An apoptosis-inducing mutant L2E unable to self-assemble under extracellular anions exhibited a different conformational transformation process in the amphiphilic environment than KL1. Further adjustment of the overall positive charge allowed regulation of cytotoxic potency without affecting the MOA determined by the lack of preassembly formation. Compared with KL1, hemolytic toxicities of nonmembranolytic peptides were greatly reduced, with safety indices increased. This work thus provided novel insights into and integrated rationales on the improvement of CAPs for both anticancer activity and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P R China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , P R China
| | - Shuangshuang Ji
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P R China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , P R China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P R China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , P R China
| | - Hanjie Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P R China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , P R China
| | - Hao Fei
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P R China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , P R China
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Wang L, Gong C, Yuan X, Wei G. Controlling the Self-Assembly of Biomolecules into Functional Nanomaterials through Internal Interactions and External Stimulations: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E285. [PMID: 30781679 PMCID: PMC6410314 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular self-assembly provides a facile way to synthesize functional nanomaterials. Due to the unique structure and functions of biomolecules, the created biological nanomaterials via biomolecular self-assembly have a wide range of applications, from materials science to biomedical engineering, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and analytical science. In this review, we present recent advances in the synthesis of biological nanomaterials by controlling the biomolecular self-assembly from adjusting internal interactions and external stimulations. The self-assembly mechanisms of biomolecules (DNA, protein, peptide, virus, enzyme, metabolites, lipid, cholesterol, and others) related to various internal interactions, including hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, π⁻π stacking, DNA base pairing, and ligand⁻receptor binding, are discussed by analyzing some recent studies. In addition, some strategies for promoting biomolecular self-assembly via external stimulations, such as adjusting the solution conditions (pH, temperature, ionic strength), adding organics, nanoparticles, or enzymes, and applying external light stimulation to the self-assembly systems, are demonstrated. We hope that this overview will be helpful for readers to understand the self-assembly mechanisms and strategies of biomolecules and to design and develop new biological nanostructures or nanomaterials for desired applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130103, China.
| | - Coucong Gong
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Xinzhu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130103, China.
| | - Gang Wei
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Zepeda-Cervantes J, Vaca L. Induction of adaptive immune response by self-aggregating peptides. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:723-738. [PMID: 30074424 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1507742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, subunit vaccines are replacing some of the traditional vaccines because they offer a higher margin of safety. However, generally subunit vaccines have low antigenicity. Adjuvants are used in vaccine formulations to increase their immunogenicity, but current research suggests that adjuvants could induce serious side effects in susceptible individuals; therefore, the improvement of antigens and adjuvants is important. AREAS COVERED Here we reviewed some self-aggregating peptides (SAPs) used as antigen delivery systems. SAPs are based on a short sequence of amino acids, which have self-aggregating properties, inducing self-interaction among peptide molecules by means of non-covalent interactions to generate nanoparticles (NPs). EXPERT COMMENTARY SAPs increase the immunogenicity of fused/conjugated antigens because they can interact with antigen-presenting cells and induce adaptive immunity based on both humoral and cellular responses. As an example, we report an antigen delivery system based on SAPs forming NPs. These NPs are synthesized using a recombinant baculovirus. We fused the green fluorescent protein to the first 110 amino acids of polyhedrin protein from Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus, which has self-aggregating properties. We showed that these NPs prompt high antibody levels without inducing inflammation, similarly to some SAPs reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Zepeda-Cervantes
- a Instituto de Fisiología Celular , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX , Coyoacán , Mexico
| | - Luis Vaca
- a Instituto de Fisiología Celular , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX , Coyoacán , Mexico
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15
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Frederix PWJM, Patmanidis I, Marrink SJ. Molecular simulations of self-assembling bio-inspired supramolecular systems and their connection to experiments. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3470-3489. [PMID: 29688238 PMCID: PMC5961611 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In bionanotechnology, the field of creating functional materials consisting of bio-inspired molecules, the function and shape of a nanostructure only appear through the assembly of many small molecules together. The large number of building blocks required to define a nanostructure combined with the many degrees of freedom in packing small molecules has long precluded molecular simulations, but recent advances in computational hardware as well as software have made classical simulations available to this strongly expanding field. Here, we review the state of the art in simulations of self-assembling bio-inspired supramolecular systems. We will first discuss progress in force fields, simulation protocols and enhanced sampling techniques using recent examples. Secondly, we will focus on efforts to enable the comparison of experimentally accessible observables and computational results. Experimental quantities that can be measured by microscopy, spectroscopy and scattering can be linked to simulation output either directly or indirectly, via quantum mechanical or semi-empirical techniques. Overall, we aim to provide an overview of the various computational approaches to understand not only the molecular architecture of nanostructures, but also the mechanism of their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim W. J. M. Frederix
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Ilias Patmanidis
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands . ;
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