1
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Ichikawa T, Yamada T, Aoki N, Maehara Y, Suda K, Kobayashi T. Surface proton hopping conduction mechanism dominant polymer electrolytes created by self-assembly of bicontinuous cubic liquid crystals. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7034-7040. [PMID: 38756814 PMCID: PMC11095363 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
For the development of the next generation of fuel cells, it is essential to create an innovative design principle of polymer electrolytes that is beyond extension of the existing strategy. In the present study, we focused on the surface hopping proton conduction mechanism where an activation energy for proton conduction is greatly reduced by decreasing the distance between SO3- groups. Our gyroid nanostructured polymer film (Film-G), with a hydrophilic surface where the SO3- groups are aligned densely and precisely, shows high proton conductivity of the order of 10-2 S cm-1 when the water content is about 15 wt%. We reveal that the high proton conductivity of Film-G is attributed to the exhibition of an extremely-fast surface hopping conduction mechanism due to the reduced activation energy barrier along the gyroid minimal surface. This finding should introduce a game-changing novel opportunity in polymer electrolyte design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society Tokai Ibaraki 319-1106 Japan
| | - Nanami Aoki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Yuki Maehara
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kaori Suda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kobayashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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2
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Jones B, Greenfield JL, Cowieson N, Fuchter MJ, Evans RC. Light-Driven Hexagonal-to-Cubic Phase Switching in Arylazopyrazole Lyotropic Liquid Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12315-12319. [PMID: 38683357 PMCID: PMC11082889 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced manipulation of the nanoscale molecular structure and organization of soft materials can drive changes in the macroscale properties. Here we demonstrate the first example of a light-induced one- to three-dimensional mesophase transition at room temperature in lyotropic liquid crystals constructed from arylazopyrazole photosurfactants in water. We exploit this characteristic to use light to selectively control the rate of gas (CO2) diffusion across a prototype lyotropic liquid crystal membrane. Such control of phase organization, dimensionality, and permeability unlocks the potential for stimuli-responsive analogues in technologies for controlled delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice
E. Jones
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, U.K.
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Jake L. Greenfield
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 7SL, U.K.
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nathan Cowieson
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation
Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 7SL, U.K.
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, U.K.
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3
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Wu H, Huang H, Zhang Y, Lu X, Majewski PW, Feng X. Stabilizing Differential Interfacial Curvatures by Mismatched Molecular Geometries: Toward Polymers with Percolating 1 nm Channels of Gyroid Minimal Surfaces. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21139-21151. [PMID: 36516967 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soft materials with self-assembled networks possess saddle-shaped interfaces with distributed negative Gaussian curvatures. The ability to stabilize such a geometry is critically important for various applications but can be challenging due to the possibly "deficient" packing of the building blocks. This nontrivial challenge has been manifested, for example, by the limited availability of cross-linkable bicontinuous cubic (Q) liquid crystals (LCs), which can be utilized to fabricate compelling polymers with networked nanochannels uniformly sized at ∼1 nm. Here, we devise a facile approach to stabilizing cross-linkable Q mesophases by leveraging the synergistic self-assembly from pairs of scalably synthesized polymerizable amphiphiles. Hybridization of the molecular geometries by mixing significantly increases the propensity of the local deviations in the interfacial curvature specifically required for Q assemblies. "Normal" (type 1) double gyroid LCs possessing 1 nm ionic channels conforming to minimal surfaces can be formulated by simultaneous hydration of the amphiphile mixtures, as opposed to the formation of hexagonal or lamellar mesophases exhibited by the single-amphiphile systems, respectively. Fixation of the bicontinuous network in polymers via radical polymerization has been efficaciously facilitated by the presence of the bifunctional polymerizable groups in one of the employed amphiphiles. High-fidelity lock-in of the ordered continuous 1 nm channels has been unambiguously confirmed by the observation of single-crystal-like diffraction patterns from synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering and large-area periodicities by transmission electron microscopy. The produced polymeric materials exhibit the required mechanical integrity as well as chemical robustness in a variety of organic solvents that benefit their practical applications for selective transport of ions and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, and College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Repubic of China
| | - Hairui Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, and College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Repubic of China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, and School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, People's Repubic of China
| | - Xinglin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, People's Repubic of China
| | - Pawel W Majewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw02089, Poland
| | - Xunda Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, and College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, People's Repubic of China
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4
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Jones S, Bamford J, Fredrickson GH, Segalman RA. Decoupling Ion Transport and Matrix Dynamics to Make High Performance Solid Polymer Electrolytes. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:430-448. [PMID: 36561285 PMCID: PMC9761859 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transport of ions through solid polymeric electrolytes (SPEs) involves a complicated interplay of ion solvation, ion-ion interactions, ion-polymer interactions, and free volume. Nonetheless, prevailing viewpoints on the subject promote a significantly simplified picture, likening ion transport in a polymer to that in an unstructured fluid at low solute concentrations. Although this idealized liquid transport model has been successful in guiding the design of homogeneous electrolytes, structured electrolytes provide a promising alternate route to achieve high ionic conductivity and selectivity. In this perspective, we begin by describing the physical origins of the idealized liquid transport mechanism and then proceed to examine known cases of decoupling between the matrix dynamics and ionic transport in SPEs. Specifically we discuss conditions for "decoupled" mobility that include a highly polar electrolyte environment, a percolated path of free volume elements (either through structured or unstructured channels), high ion concentrations, and labile ion-electrolyte interactions. Finally, we proceed to reflect on the potential of these mechanisms to promote multivalent ion conductivity and the need for research into the interfacial properties of solid polymer electrolytes as well as their performance at elevated potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus
D. Jones
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Mitsubishi
Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James Bamford
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Mitsubishi
Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States,Materials
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Mitsubishi
Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States,Materials
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Mitsubishi
Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States,Materials
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States,
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5
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Chen P, Mahanthappa MK, Dorfman KD. Stability of cubic single network phases in diblock copolymer melts. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Kevin D. Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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6
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Luo J, Yang Q, Tan S, Wang C, Wu Y. Mesomorphic Polymer Hydrogel Stabilizing Ionic Surfactant Self-Assembly for Fuel Cells. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuai Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Shen Z, Luo K, Park SJ, Li D, Mahanthappa MK, Bates FS, Dorfman KD, Lodge TP, Siepmann JI. Stabilizing a Double Gyroid Network Phase with 2 nm Feature Size by Blending of Lamellar and Cylindrical Forming Block Oligomers. JACS AU 2022; 2:1405-1416. [PMID: 35783180 PMCID: PMC9241014 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study binary blends of an AB-type diblock and an AB2-type miktoarm triblock amphiphiles (also known as high-χ block oligomers) consisting of sugar-based (A) and hydrocarbon (B) blocks. In their pure form, the AB diblock and AB2 triblock amphiphiles self-assemble into ordered lamellar (LAM) and cylindrical (CYL) structures, respectively. At intermediate compositions, however, the AB2-rich blend (0.2 ≤ x AB ≤ 0.4) forms a double gyroid (DG) network, whereas perforated lamellae (PL) are observed in the AB-rich blend (0.5 ≤ x AB ≤ 0.8). All of the ordered mesophases present domain pitches under 3 nm, with 1 nm feature sizes for the polar domains. Structural analyses reveal that the nonuniform interfacial curvatures of DG and PL structures are supported by local composition variations of the LAM- and CYL-forming amphiphiles. Self-consistent mean field theory calculations for blends of related AB and AB2 block polymers also show the DG network at intermediate compositions, when A is the minority block, but PL is not stable. This work provides molecular-level insights into how blending of shape-filling molecular architectures enables network phase formation with extremely small feature sizes over a wide composition range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Shen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
- Chemical
Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Ke Luo
- Chemical
Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - So Jung Park
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Daoyuan Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
- Chemical
Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Kevin D. Dorfman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - J. Ilja Siepmann
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
- Chemical
Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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8
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Liberman L, Coughlin ML, Weigand S, Edmund J, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Impact of Side-Chain Length on the Self-Assembly of Linear-Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Liberman
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - McKenzie L. Coughlin
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steven Weigand
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Jerrick Edmund
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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9
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Park SJ, Cheong GK, Bates FS, Dorfman KD. Stability of the Double Gyroid Phase in Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymer Melts. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Jung Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Guo Kang Cheong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kevin D. Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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10
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Shen Z, Sun Y, Lodge TP, Siepmann JI. Development of a PointNet for Detecting Morphologies of Self-Assembled Block Oligomers in Atomistic Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5275-5284. [PMID: 33989001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular simulations with atomistic or coarse-grained force fields are a powerful approach for understanding and predicting the self-assembly phase behavior of complex molecules. Amphiphiles, block oligomers, and block polymers can form mesophases with different ordered morphologies describing the spatial distribution of the blocks, but entirely amorphous nature for local packing and chain conformation. Screening block oligomer chemistry and architecture through molecular simulations to find promising candidates for functional materials is aided by effective and straightforward morphology identification techniques. Capturing 3-dimensional periodic structures, such as ordered network morphologies, is hampered by the requirement that the number of molecules in the simulated system and the shape of the periodic simulation box need to be commensurate with those of the resulting network phase. Common strategies for structure identification include structure factors and order parameters, but these fail to identify imperfect structures in simulations with incorrect system sizes. Building upon pioneering work by DeFever et al. [Chem. Sci. 2019, 10, 7503-7515] who implemented a PointNet (i.e., a neural network designed for computer vision applications using point clouds) to detect local structure in simulations of single-bead particles and water molecules, we present a PointNet for detection of nonlocal ordered morphologies of complex block oligomers. Our PointNet was trained using atomic coordinates from molecular dynamics simulation trajectories and synthetic point clouds for ordered network morphologies that were absent from previous simulations. In contrast to prior work on simple molecules, we observe that large point clouds with 1000 or more points are needed for the more complex block oligomers. The trained PointNet model achieves an accuracy as high as 0.99 for globally ordered morphologies formed by linear diblock, linear triblock, and 3-arm and 4-arm star-block oligomers, and it also allows for the discovery of emerging ordered patterns from nonequilibrium systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Yangzesheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - J Ilja Siepmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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11
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Li J, Wang J, Wu Z, Tao S, Jiang D. Ultrafast and Stable Proton Conduction in Polybenzimidazole Covalent Organic Frameworks via Confinement and Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Institute of Crystalline Materials Shanxi University Wucheng Rd No 92 Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Crystalline Materials Shanxi University Wucheng Rd No 92 Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Institute of Crystalline Materials Shanxi University Wucheng Rd No 92 Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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12
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Li J, Wang J, Wu Z, Tao S, Jiang D. Ultrafast and Stable Proton Conduction in Polybenzimidazole Covalent Organic Frameworks via Confinement and Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12918-12923. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Institute of Crystalline Materials Shanxi University Wucheng Rd No 92 Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Crystalline Materials Shanxi University Wucheng Rd No 92 Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Institute of Crystalline Materials Shanxi University Wucheng Rd No 92 Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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13
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Luo J, You J, Tan S, Wang C, Wu Y. Lamellar Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Superior to Micellar Solution for Proton Conduction in an Aqueous Solution of 1-Tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45611-45617. [PMID: 32929954 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Humidified perfluorosulfonic acid polymers with a nanoscopic phase-separated morphology are highly proton-conductive materials for fuel cells, yet morphology tuning of the acidic materials for enhanced conduction remains a challenge. Aqueous acidic lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) provide a powerful platform to construct well-defined nanostructures for proton conduction. We report an aqueous LLC formed by 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, exhibiting a proton conductivity of 210 mS cm-1 at 25 °C, which surpasses that formed by alkylsulfonic acid, thus demonstrating that a mobile acidic anion is more efficient than constrained sulfonic acid functionality to transport protons in LLCs. For an aqueous solution of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, a lamellar LLC results in higher conductivity than a micellar solution under the same hydration conditions. The peak power density of the fuel cell fabricated from porous membranes filled with the lamellar LLC is four times as high as that filled with the micellar solution. The work offers an efficient way to construct highly proton-conductive LLC materials for fuel cell application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie You
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuai Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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14
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Shen Z, Chen JL, Vernadskaia V, Ertem SP, Mahanthappa MK, Hillmyer MA, Reineke TM, Lodge TP, Siepmann JI. From Order to Disorder: Computational Design of Triblock Amphiphiles with 1 nm Domains. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9352-9362. [PMID: 32392052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations and transferable force fields, we designed a series of symmetric triblock amphiphiles (or high-χ block oligomers) comprising incompatible sugar-based (A) and hydrocarbon (B) blocks that can self-assemble into ordered nanostructures with sub-1 nm domains and full domain pitches as small as 1.2 nm. Depending on the chain length and block sequence, the ordered morphologies include lamellae, perforated lamellae, and hexagonally perforated lamellae. The self-assembly of these amphiphiles bears some similarities, but also some differences, to those formed by symmetric triblock polymers. In lamellae formed by ABA amphiphiles, the fraction of B blocks "bridging" adjacent polar domains is nearly unity, much higher than that found for symmetric triblock polymers, and the bridging molecules adopt elongated conformations. In contrast, "looping" conformations are prevalent for A blocks of BAB amphiphiles. Above the order-disorder transition temperature, the disordered states are locally well-segregated yet the B blocks of ABA amphiphiles are significantly less stretched than in the lamellar phases. Analysis of both hydrogen-bonded and nonpolar clusters reveals the bicontinuous nature of these network phases. This simulation study furnishes detailed insights into structure-property relationships for mesophase formation on the 1 nm length scale that will aid further miniaturization for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States.,Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Jingyi L Chen
- Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Viktoriia Vernadskaia
- Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - S Piril Ertem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Mahesh K Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - J Ilja Siepmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States.,Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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15
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Jackson GL, Kim SA, Jayaraman A, Diallo SO, Mahanthappa MK. Consequences of Convex Nanopore Chemistry on Confined Water Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1495-1508. [PMID: 32065528 PMCID: PMC7122394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of confined water is crucial for developing selective ion transport and water purification membranes, yet the roles of nanopore geometry and functionality on confined water dynamics remain unresolved. We report the synthesis of perdeuterated ionic alkylsulfonate amphiphiles and their water-induced self-assembly into lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) mesophases with well-defined, convex, sulfonate-lined nanopores. Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements demonstrate that the water self-diffusion coefficients within these sulfonate-lined convex nanopores depend on the hydration level and amphiphile counterion identity (H+, K+, NMe4+). The consistency of the observed counterion-dependent water dynamics trends with those of carboxylate LLCs is rationalized on the basis of similarities in the counterion spatial distributions in the water-filled channels, which we deduce from electron density maps derived from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses. These findings indicate that water diffusion is systematically faster in sulfonate-lined nanopores as compared to carboxylate-lined pores due to weaker water interactions with the softer and more hydrophobic-SO3- functionalities. These molecular-level insights into the relationships between convex pore wall chemical functionalities, hydrated counterions, and confined water diffusion may inform future development of new nanoporous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson L. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706
| | - Sung A Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ashish Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Souleymane O. Diallo
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
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16
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Jackson GL, Mantha S, Kim SA, Diallo SO, Herwig KW, Yethiraj A, Mahanthappa MK. Ion-Specific Confined Water Dynamics in Convex Nanopores of Gemini Surfactant Lyotropic Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10031-10043. [PMID: 30251848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The impact of pore geometry and functionality on the dynamics of water nanoconfined in porous media are the subject of some debate. We report the synthesis and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) characterization of a series of perdeuterated gemini surfactant lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs), in which convex, water-filled nanopores of well-defined dimensions are lined with carboxylate functionalities. Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements of the translational water dynamics in these dicarboxylate LLC nanopores as functions of the surfactant hydration state and the charge compensating counterion (Na+, K+, NMe4+) reveal that the measured dynamics depend primarily on surfactant hydration, with an unexpected counterion dependence that varies with hydration number. We rationalize these trends in terms of a balance between counterion-water attractions and the nanopore volume excluded by the counterions. On the basis of electron density maps derived from SAXS analyses of these LLCs, we directly show that the volume excluded by the counterions depends on both their size and spatial distribution in the water-filled channels. The translational water dynamics in the convex pores of these LLCs are also slower than those reported in the concave pores of AOT reverse micelles, implying that water dynamics also depend on the nanopore curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson L Jackson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Sriteja Mantha
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Sung A Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue, S.E. , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | | | | | - Arun Yethiraj
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Mahesh K Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue, S.E. , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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17
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Jayaraman A, Mahanthappa MK. Counterion-Dependent Access to Low-Symmetry Lyotropic Sphere Packings of Ionic Surfactant Micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2290-2301. [PMID: 29381063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The water-driven self-assembly of homologous dianionic surfactants into lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) is investigated, with a focus on understanding how surfactant headgroup and counterion identities guide supramolecular spherical mesophase selection. Using temperature-dependent small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we demonstrate that 2-alkylmalonate surfactants (CnMal-M2) with n = 8 (octyl) or 10 (decyl) and M = K+, Cs+, or (CH3)4N+ form both simple and complex micelle packings. Observed spherical morphologies include body-centered cubic (BCC), hexagonally closest-packed (HCP), and tetrahedrally closest-packed Frank-Kasper (FK) A15 and σ phases (Pm3(-)n and P42/mnm symmetries, respectively). Previously observed in only one other minimally hydrated surfactant, the σ phase is a rare LLC morphology comprising a low-symmetry unit cell containing 30 sub-2-nm quasispherical micelles, each of which belongs to one of five symmetry-equivalent classes with discrete aggregation numbers. Temperature versus water concentration phase maps for CnMal-M2 LLCs reveal that σ-phase formation depends sensitively on the size and polarizability of the surfactant counterion and the length of the surfactant alkyl tail. These observations are rationalized in terms of a delicate interplay between global packing symmetry and local particle symmetry, and the extent to which counterion-headgroup correlations enforce the latter structures in these LLC phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue SE, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mahesh K Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue SE, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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18
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Lugger J, Mulder DJ, Sijbesma R, Schenning A. Nanoporous Polymers Based on Liquid Crystals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E104. [PMID: 29324669 PMCID: PMC5793602 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present review, we discuss recent advances in the field of nanoporous networks based on polymerisable liquid crystals. The field has matured in the last decade, yielding polymers having 1D, 2D, and 3D channels with pore sizes on the nanometer scale. Next to the current progress, some of the future challenges are presented, with the integration of nanoporous membranes in functional devices considered as the biggest challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Lugger
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirk Jan Mulder
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Rint Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert Schenning
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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19
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Li L, He L, Wang B, Ge P, Jing L, Liu H, Gong C, Zhang B, Zhang J, Bu W. Secondary dialkylammonium salt/crown ether [2]pseudorotaxanes as nanostructured platforms for proton transport. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8092-8095. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04518f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Secondary dialkylammonium salt/crown ether [2]pseudorotaxanes can be confined into two-dimensional nanochannels, leading to remarkable enhancements and rational control of proton conductivity.
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