1
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Crippa M, Cardellini A, Caruso C, Pavan GM. Detecting dynamic domains and local fluctuations in complex molecular systems via timelapse neighbors shuffling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300565120. [PMID: 37467266 PMCID: PMC10372573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300565120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the behavior of many complex systems is controlled by local dynamic rearrangements or fluctuations occurring within them. Complex molecular systems, composed of many molecules interacting with each other in a Brownian storm, make no exception. Despite the rise of machine learning and of sophisticated structural descriptors, detecting local fluctuations and collective transitions in complex dynamic ensembles remains often difficult. Here, we show a machine learning framework based on a descriptor which we name Local Environments and Neighbors Shuffling (LENS), that allows identifying dynamic domains and detecting local fluctuations in a variety of systems in an abstract and efficient way. By tracking how much the microscopic surrounding of each molecular unit changes over time in terms of neighbor individuals, LENS allows characterizing the global (macroscopic) dynamics of molecular systems in phase transition, phases-coexistence, as well as intrinsically characterized by local fluctuations (e.g., defects). Statistical analysis of the LENS time series data extracted from molecular dynamics trajectories of, for example, liquid-like, solid-like, or dynamically diverse complex molecular systems allows tracking in an efficient way the presence of different dynamic domains and of local fluctuations emerging within them. The approach is found robust, versatile, and applicable independently of the features of the system and simply provided that a trajectory containing information on the relative motion of the interacting units is available. We envisage that "such a LENS" will constitute a precious basis for exploring the dynamic complexity of a variety of systems and, given its abstract definition, not necessarily of molecular ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Crippa
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino10129, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cardellini
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano-Viganello6962, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Caruso
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino10129, Italy
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino10129, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano-Viganello6962, Switzerland
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2
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Gardin A, Perego C, Doni G, Pavan GM. Classifying soft self-assembled materials via unsupervised machine learning of defects. Commun Chem 2022; 5:82. [PMID: 36697761 PMCID: PMC9814741 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike molecular crystals, soft self-assembled fibers, micelles, vesicles, etc., exhibit a certain order in the arrangement of their constitutive monomers but also high structural dynamicity and variability. Defects and disordered local domains that continuously form-and-repair in their structures impart to such materials unique adaptive and dynamical properties, which make them, e.g., capable to communicate with each other. However, objective criteria to compare such complex dynamical features and to classify soft supramolecular materials are non-trivial to attain. Here we show a data-driven workflow allowing us to achieve this goal. Building on unsupervised clustering of Smooth Overlap of Atomic Position (SOAP) data obtained from equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we can compare a variety of soft supramolecular assemblies via a robust SOAP metric. This provides us with a data-driven "defectometer" to classify different types of supramolecular materials based on the structural dynamics of the ordered/disordered local molecular environments that statistically emerge within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gardin
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Perego
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Doni
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy. .,Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland.
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3
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Molecular communications in complex systems of dynamic supramolecular polymers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2162. [PMID: 35443756 PMCID: PMC9021206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers are composed of monomers that self-assemble non-covalently, generating distributions of monodimensional fibres in continuous communication with each other and with the surrounding solution. Fibres, exchanging molecular species, and external environment constitute a sole complex system, which intrinsic dynamics is hard to elucidate. Here we report coarse-grained molecular simulations that allow studying supramolecular polymers at the thermodynamic equilibrium, explicitly showing the complex nature of these systems, which are composed of exquisitely dynamic molecular entities. Detailed studies of molecular exchange provide insights into key factors controlling how assemblies communicate with each other, defining the equilibrium dynamics of the system. Using minimalistic and finer chemically relevant molecular models, we observe that a rich concerted complexity is intrinsic in such self-assembling systems. This offers a new dynamic and probabilistic (rather than structural) picture of supramolecular polymer systems, where the travelling molecular species continuously shape the assemblies that statistically emerge at the equilibrium. The dynamic structure of supramolecular polymers is challenging to determine both in experiments and in simulations. Here the authors use coarse-grained molecular models to provide a comprehensive analysis of the molecular communication in these complex molecular systems.
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4
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Controlling the length of porphyrin supramolecular polymers via coupled equilibria and dilution-induced supramolecular polymerization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:248. [PMID: 35017511 PMCID: PMC8752679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-component systems often display convoluted behavior, pathway complexity and coupled equilibria. In recent years, several ways to control complex systems by manipulating the subtle balances of interaction energies between the individual components have been explored and thereby shifting the equilibrium between different aggregate states. Here we show the enantioselective chain-capping and dilution-induced supramolecular polymerization with a Zn2+-porphyrin-based supramolecular system when going from long, highly cooperative supramolecular polymers to short, disordered aggregates by adding a monotopic Mn3+-porphyrin monomer. When mixing the zinc and manganese centered monomers, the Mn3+-porphyrins act as chain-cappers for Zn2+-porphyrin supramolecular polymers, effectively hindering growth of the copolymer and reducing the length. Upon dilution, the interaction between chain-capper and monomers weakens as the equilibria shift and long supramolecular polymers form again. This dynamic modulation of aggregate morphology and length is achieved through enantioselectivity in the aggregation pathways and concentration-sensitive equilibria. All-atom and coarse-grained molecular simulations provide further insights into the mixing of the species and their exchange dynamics. Our combined experimental and theoretical approach allows for precise control of molecular self-assembly and chiral discrimination in complex systems.
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5
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Lionello C, Gardin A, Cardellini A, Bochicchio D, Shivrayan M, Fernandez A, Thayumanavan S, Pavan GM. Toward Chemotactic Supramolecular Nanoparticles: From Autonomous Surface Motion Following Specific Chemical Gradients to Multivalency-Controlled Disassembly. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16149-16161. [PMID: 34549951 PMCID: PMC8552489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature designs chemotactic supramolecular structures that can selectively bind specific groups present on surfaces, autonomously scan them moving along density gradients, and react once a critical concentration is encountered. Since such properties are key in many biological functions, these also offer inspirations for designing artificial systems capable of similar bioinspired autonomous behaviors. One approach is to use soft molecular units that self-assemble in an aqueous solution generating nanoparticles (NPs) that display specific chemical groups on their surface, enabling multivalent interactions with complementarily functionalized surfaces. However, a first challenge is to explore the behavior of these assemblies at sufficiently high-resolution to gain insights on the molecular factors controlling their behaviors. Here, by coupling coarse-grained molecular models and advanced simulation approaches, we show that it is possible to study the (autonomous or driven) motion of self-assembled NPs on a receptor-grafted surface at submolecular resolution. As an example, we focus on self-assembled NPs composed of facially amphiphilic oligomers. We observe how tuning the multivalent interactions between the NP and the surface allows to control of the NP binding, its diffusion along chemical surface gradients, and ultimately, the NP reactivity at determined surface group densities. In silico experiments provide physical-chemical insights on key molecular features in the self-assembling units which determine the dynamic behavior and fate of the NPs on the surface: from adhesion, to diffusion, and disassembly. This offers a privileged point of view into the chemotactic properties of supramolecular assemblies, improving our knowledge on how to design new types of materials with bioinspired autonomous behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lionello
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Gardin
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cardellini
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario
Lugano, Campus Est, Via
la Santa 1, 6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, Università degli studi
di Genova, Via Dodecaneso
33, 16100 Genova, Italy
| | - Manisha Shivrayan
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Bioactive Delivery at the Institute for Applied
Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ann Fernandez
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Bioactive Delivery at the Institute for Applied
Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Bioactive Delivery at the Institute for Applied
Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario
Lugano, Campus Est, Via
la Santa 1, 6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
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6
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de Marco AL, Bochicchio D, Gardin A, Doni G, Pavan GM. Controlling Exchange Pathways in Dynamic Supramolecular Polymers by Controlling Defects. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14229-14241. [PMID: 34472834 PMCID: PMC8482751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular fibers composed of monomers that self-assemble directionally via noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in nature, and of great interest in chemistry. In these structures, the constitutive monomers continuously exchange in-and-out the assembly according to a well-defined supramolecular equilibrium. However, unraveling the exchange pathways and their molecular determinants constitutes a nontrivial challenge. Here, we combine coarse-grained modeling, enhanced sampling, and machine learning to investigate the key factors controlling the monomer exchange pathways in synthetic supramolecular polymers having an intrinsic dynamic behavior. We demonstrate how the competition of directional vs. nondirectional interactions between the monomers controls the creation/annihilation of defects in the supramolecular polymers, from where monomers exchange proceeds. This competition determines the exchange pathway, dictating whether a fiber statistically swaps monomers from the tips or from all along its length. Finally, thanks to their generality, our models allow the investigation of molecular approaches to control the exchange pathways in these dynamic assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. de Marco
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano, Campus
Est, Via la Santa 1, 6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, Universit degli studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16100 Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano, Campus
Est, Via la Santa 1, 6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, Universit degli studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16100 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Gardin
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Doni
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano, Campus
Est, Via la Santa 1, 6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano, Campus
Est, Via la Santa 1, 6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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7
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Cho Y, Christoff-Tempesta T, Kaser SJ, Ortony JH. Dynamics in supramolecular nanomaterials. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5850-5863. [PMID: 34114584 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00047k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of amphiphilic small molecules in water leads to nanostructures with customizable structure-property relationships arising from their tunable chemistries. Characterization of these assemblies is generally limited to their static structures -e.g. their geometries and dimensions - but the implementation of tools that provide a deeper understanding of molecular motions has recently emerged. Here, we summarize recent reports showcasing dynamics characterization tools and their application to small molecule assemblies, and we go on to highlight supramolecular systems whose properties are substantially affected by their conformational, exchange, and water dynamics. This review illustrates the importance of considering dynamics in rational amphiphile design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ty Christoff-Tempesta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Samuel J Kaser
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julia H Ortony
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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8
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Alessandri R, Grünewald F, Marrink SJ. The Martini Model in Materials Science. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008635. [PMID: 33956373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Martini model, a coarse-grained force field initially developed with biomolecular simulations in mind, has found an increasing number of applications in the field of soft materials science. The model's underlying building block principle does not pose restrictions on its application beyond biomolecular systems. Here, the main applications to date of the Martini model in materials science are highlighted, and a perspective for the future developments in this field is given, particularly in light of recent developments such as the new version of the model, Martini 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Alessandri
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Grünewald
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands
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9
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Casalini T. Not only in silico drug discovery: Molecular modeling towards in silico drug delivery formulations. J Control Release 2021; 332:390-417. [PMID: 33675875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of methods at molecular scale for the discovery of new potential active ligands, as well as previously unknown binding sites for target proteins, is now an established reality. Literature offers many successful stories of active compounds developed starting from insights obtained in silico and approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). One of the most famous examples is raltegravir, a HIV integrase inhibitor, which was developed after the discovery of a previously unknown transient binding area thanks to molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular simulations have the potential to also improve the design and engineering of drug delivery devices, which are still largely based on fundamental conservation equations. Although they can highlight the dominant release mechanism and quantitatively link the release rate to design parameters (size, drug loading, et cetera), their spatial resolution does not allow to fully capture how phenomena at molecular scale influence system behavior. In this scenario, the "computational microscope" offered by simulations at atomic scale can shed light on the impact of molecular interactions on crucial parameters such as release rate and the response of the drug delivery device to external stimuli, providing insights that are difficult or impossible to obtain experimentally. Moreover, the new paradigm brought by nanomedicine further underlined the importance of such computational microscope to study the interactions between nanoparticles and biological components with an unprecedented level of detail. Such knowledge is a fundamental pillar to perform device engineering and to achieve efficient and safe formulations. After a brief theoretical background, this review aims at discussing the potential of molecular simulations for the rational design of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Casalini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland; Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Via la Santa 1, Lugano 6962, Switzerland.
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10
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Temperature dependent aggregation mechanism and pathway of lysozyme: By all atom and coarse grained molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 103:107816. [PMID: 33291026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of protein causes various diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and type II diabetes. It was found that aggregation of protein depends on many factors like temperature, pH, salt type, salt concentration, ionic strength, protein concentration, co solutes. Here we have tried to capture the aggregation mechanism and pathway of hen egg white lysozyme using molecular dynamics simulations at two different temperatures; 300 K and 340 K. Along with the all atom simulations to get the atomistic details of aggregation mechanism, we have used coarse grained simulation with MARTINI force field to monitor the aggregation for longer duration. Our results suggest that due to the aggregation, changes in the conformation of lysozyme are more at 340 K than at 300 K. The change in the conformation of the lysozyme at 300 K is mainly due to aggregation where at 340 K change in conformation of lysozyme is due to both aggregation and temperature. Also, a more compact aggregated system is formed at 340 K.
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11
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Varela-Aramburu S, Morgese G, Su L, Schoenmakers SMC, Perrone M, Leanza L, Perego C, Pavan GM, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Exploring the Potential of Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide Supramolecular Polymers as Biomaterials. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4105-4115. [PMID: 32991162 PMCID: PMC7556542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
fast dynamics occurring in natural processes increases the
difficulty of creating biomaterials capable of mimicking Nature. Within
synthetic biomaterials, water-soluble supramolecular polymers show
great potential in mimicking the dynamic behavior of these natural
processes. In particular, benzene-1,3,5-tricaboxamide (BTA)-based
supramolecular polymers have shown to be highly dynamic through the
exchange of monomers within and between fibers, but their suitability
as biomaterials has not been yet explored. Herein we systematically
study the interactions of BTA supramolecular polymers bearing either
tetraethylene glycol or mannose units at the periphery with different
biological entities. When BTA fibers were incubated with bovine serum
albumin (BSA), the protein conformation was only affected by the fibers
containing tetraethylene glycol at the periphery (BTA-OEG4). Coarse-grained molecular simulations showed that BSA interacted
with BTA-OEG4 fibers rather than with BTA-OEG4 monomers that are present in solution or that may exchange out of
the fibers. Microscopy studies revealed that, in the presence of BSA,
BTA-OEG4 retained their fiber conformation although their
length was slightly shortened. When further incubated with fetal bovine
serum (FBS), both long and short fibers were visualized in solution.
Nevertheless, in the hydrogel state, the rheological properties were
remarkably preserved. Further studies on the cellular compatibility
of all the BTA assemblies and mixtures thereof were performed in four
different cell lines. A low cytotoxic effect at most concentrations
was observed, confirming the suitability of utilizing functional BTA
supramolecular polymers as dynamic biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Varela-Aramburu
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Morgese
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Su
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M C Schoenmakers
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mattia Perrone
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.,Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, 6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Perego
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, 6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.,Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, 6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Sestito JM, Thatcher ML, Shu L, Harris TAL, Wang Y. Coarse-Grained Force Field Calibration Based on Multiobjective Bayesian Optimization to Simulate Water Diffusion in Poly-ε-caprolactone. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5042-5052. [PMID: 32452682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics at the atomistic scale is increasingly being used to predict material properties and speed up the material design and development process. However, the accuracy of molecular dynamics predictions is sensitively dependent on the force fields. In the traditional force field calibration process, a specific property, predicted by the model, is compared with the experimental observation and the force field parameters are adjusted to minimize the difference. This leads to the issue that the calibrated force fields are not generic and robust enough to predict different properties. Here, a new calibration method based on multiobjective Bayesian optimization is developed to speed up the development of molecular dynamics force fields that are capable of predicting multiple properties accurately. This is achieved by reducing the number of simulation runs to generate the Pareto front with an efficient sequential sampling strategy. The methodology is demonstrated by generating a new coarse-grained force field for polycaprolactone, where the force field can predict the mechanical properties and water diffusion in the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M Sestito
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, United States
| | - Mary L Thatcher
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, United States
| | - Leshi Shu
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, United States
| | - Tequila A L Harris
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0405, United States
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13
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Gasparotto P, Bochicchio D, Ceriotti M, Pavan GM. Identifying and Tracking Defects in Dynamic Supramolecular Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:589-599. [PMID: 31888337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A central paradigm of self-assembly is to create ordered structures starting from molecular monomers that spontaneously recognize and interact with each other via noncovalent interactions. In recent years, great efforts have been directed toward perfecting the design of a variety of supramolecular polymers and materials with different architectures. The resulting structures are often thought of as ideally perfect, defect-free supramolecular fibers, micelles, vesicles, etc., having an intrinsic dynamic character, which are typically studied at the level of statistical ensembles to assess their average properties. However, molecular simulations recently demonstrated that local defects that may be present or may form in these assemblies, and which are poorly captured by conventional approaches, are key to controlling their dynamic behavior and properties. The study of these defects poses considerable challenges, as the flexible/dynamic nature of these soft systems makes it difficult to identify what effectively constitutes a defect and to characterize its stability and evolution. Here, we demonstrate the power of unsupervised machine-learning techniques to systematically identify and compare defects in supramolecular polymer variants in different conditions, using as a benchmark 5 Å resolution coarse-grained molecular simulations of a family of supramolecular polymers. We show that this approach allows a complete data-driven characterization of the internal structure and dynamics of these complex assemblies and of the dynamic pathways for defects formation and resorption. This provides a useful, generally applicable approach to unambiguously identify defects in these dynamic self-assembled materials and to classify them based on their structure, stability, and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Gasparotto
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute des Materiaux , Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Thomas Young Centre and Department of Physics and Astronomy , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , United Kingdom
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies , University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c , CH-6928 Manno , Switzerland
| | - Michele Ceriotti
- Laboratory of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute des Materiaux , Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies , University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c , CH-6928 Manno , Switzerland.,Department of Applied Science and Technology , Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 , 10129 Torino , Italy
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14
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Bochicchio D, Kwangmettatam S, Kudernac T, Pavan GM. How Defects Control the Out-of-Equilibrium Dissipative Evolution of a Supramolecular Tubule. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4322-4334. [PMID: 30875196 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular architectures that work out-of-equilibrium or that can change in specific ways when absorbing external energy are ubiquitous in nature. Gaining the ability to create via self-assembly artificial materials possessing such fascinating behaviors would have a major impact in many fields. However, the rational design of similar dynamic structures requires to understand and, even more challenging, to learn how to master the molecular mechanisms governing how the assembled systems evolve far from the equilibrium. Typically, this represents a daunting challenge due to the limited molecular insight that can be obtained by the experiments or by classical modeling approaches. Here we combine coarse-grained molecular models and advanced simulation approaches to study at submolecular (<5 Å) resolution a supramolecular tubule, which breaks and disassembles upon absorption of light energy triggering isomerization of its azobenzene-containing monomers. Our approach allows us to investigate the molecular mechanism of monomer transition in the assembly and to elucidate the kinetic process for the accumulation of the transitions in the system. Despite the stochastic nature of the excitation process, we demonstrate how these tubules preferentially dissipate the absorbed energy locally via the amplification of defects in their supramolecular structure. We find that this constitutes the best kinetic pathway for accumulating monomer transitions in the system, which determines the dynamic evolution out-of-equilibrium and the brittle behavior of the assembly under perturbed conditions. Thanks to the flexibility of our models, we finally come out with a general principle, where defects explain and control the brittle/soft behavior of such light-responsive assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies , University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c , CH-6928 Manno , Switzerland
| | - Supaporn Kwangmettatam
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , PO Box 207, 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Tibor Kudernac
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Twente , PO Box 207, 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies , University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c , CH-6928 Manno , Switzerland
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15
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Lafleur RPM, Schoenmakers SMC, Madhikar P, Bochicchio D, Baumeier B, Palmans ARA, Pavan GM, Meijer EW. Insights into the Kinetics of Supramolecular Comonomer Incorporation in Water. Macromolecules 2019; 52:3049-3055. [PMID: 31043763 PMCID: PMC6484380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Multicomponent
supramolecular polymers are a versatile platform
to prepare functional architectures, but a few studies have been devoted
to investigate their noncovalent synthesis. Here, we study supramolecular
copolymerizations by examining the mechanism and time scales associated
with the incorporation of new monomers in benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide
(BTA)-based supramolecular polymers. The BTA molecules in this study
all contain three tetra(ethylene glycol) chains at the periphery for
water solubility but differ in their alkyl chains that feature either
10, 12 or 13 methylene units. C10BTA does not form ordered
supramolecular assemblies, whereas C12BTA and C13BTA both form high aspect ratio supramolecular polymers. First, we
illustrate that C10BTA can mix into the supramolecular
polymers based on either C12BTA or C13BTA by
comparing the temperature response of the equilibrated mixtures to
the temperature response of the individual components in water. Subsequently,
we mix C10BTA with the polymers and follow the copolymerization
over time with UV spectroscopy and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass
spectrometry experiments. Interestingly, the time scales obtained
in both experiments reveal significant differences in the rates of
copolymerization. Coarse-grained simulations are used to study the
incorporation pathway and kinetics of the C10BTA monomers
into the different polymers. The results demonstrate that the kinetic
stability of the host supramolecular polymer controls the rate at
which new monomers can enter the existing supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- René P M Lafleur
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M C Schoenmakers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pranav Madhikar
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Björn Baumeier
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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16
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Korlepara DB, Henderson WR, Castellano RK, Balasubramanian S. Differentiating the mechanism of self-assembly in supramolecular polymers through computation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3773-3776. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01058k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which monomers in solution, beyond a certain concentration or below a certain temperature, self-assemble to form one dimensional supramolecular polymers determines much of the bulk properties of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya B. Korlepara
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bangalore
- India
| | - Will R. Henderson
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Ronald K. Castellano
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory
- Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bangalore
- India
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17
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Jung SH, Bochicchio D, Pavan GM, Takeuchi M, Sugiyasu K. A Block Supramolecular Polymer and Its Kinetically Enhanced Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10570-10577. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Jung
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sugiyasu
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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18
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Otake S, Okuro K, Bochicchio D, Pavan GM, Aida T. Nitrobenzoxadiazole-Appended Cell Membrane Modifiers for Efficient Optoporation with Noncoherent Light. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2068-2073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saya Otake
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Riken Center for
Emergent
Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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19
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Wang B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Mao Z, Lu N, Liu QH. The penetration of a charged peptide across a membrane under an external electric field: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41517-41525. [PMID: 35559300 PMCID: PMC9091862 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07654e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of single polyarginine (R8) peptide penetration through planar and vesicle membranes under an external electric field are simulated via a coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics
- Department of Electronic Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics
- Department of Electronic Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics
- Department of Electronic Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Mao
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics
- Department of Electronic Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Lu
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics
- Department of Electronic Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Huo Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
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