1
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Kumar M, Pandey S. Correlation of solute diffusion with dynamic viscosity in lithium salt-added (choline chloride + glycerol) deep eutectic solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 38047457 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04664h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to their favorable physicochemical properties, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are finding increased use in chemistry. Metal salt-added DESs are currently being investigated for their potential applications in electrochemistry as a replacement for organic electrolytes. Insights into solute diffusion in salt-added DESs, in this context, are of the utmost importance. Solute diffusion in a LiCl-added DES composed of the H-bond acceptor choline chloride and the H-bond donor glycerol in a 1 : 2 mole ratio, named glyceline, is assessed as a function of temperature and LiCl concentration. For relative translational diffusion, the fluorophore-quencher pair of pyrene-nitromethane is used, whereas for rotational diffusion a fluorescent anisotropic rotor, perylene, is selected. The fluorescence quenching of pyrene by nitromethane was found to be purely dynamic in nature. The estimated bimolecular quenching rate constant (kq) exhibits excellent adherence to the Stokes-Einstein relation, suggesting relative translational diffusion of the solute to be controlled by the dynamic viscosity of the LiCl-added glyceline solution. The rotational reorientation time (θ) of the rotor perylene is also found to scale with dynamic viscosity and obey the Stokes-Einstein relation satisfactorily. Linear correlation between θ and dynamic viscosity (η) improves for glyceline solutions with fixed LiCl concentrations hinting at the possible change in the hydrodynamic volume with LiCl concentration within the DES. Control of rotational diffusion of the solute by the dynamic viscosity is established nonetheless. The effect of earlier reported micro- and/or nano-heterogeneities within salt-added DES systems on solute diffusion dynamics is found to be minimal. The work highlights DESs in offering a solubilizing medium for solutes where the diffusion dynamics are simply controlled by the dynamic viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India.
| | - Siddharth Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India.
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2
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Zhang Y, Klein JM, Akolkar R, Gurkan BE, Maginn EJ. Solvation Structure, Dynamics, and Charge Transfer Kinetics of Cu 2+ and Cu + in Choline Chloride Ethylene Glycol Electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6493-6499. [PMID: 35976689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental measurements and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to study electrolytes containing CuCl2 and CuCl salts in mixtures of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG). The study focused on the concentration of 100 mM of both CuCl2 and CuCl with the ratio of ChCl/EG varied from 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, to 1:5. It was found that the Cu2+ and Cu+ have different solvation environments in their first solvation shell. Cu2+ is coordinated by both Cl- anions and EG molecules, whereas Cu+ is only solvated by EG. However, both Cu2+ and Cu+ show strong interactions with their second solvation shells, which include both Cl- anions and EG molecules. Considering both the first and second solvation shells, the concentrations of Cu2+ and Cu+ that have various coordination numbers in each solution were calculated and were found to correlate qualitatively with the exchange current density trends reported in previous experiments of Cu2+ reduction to Cu+. This finding makes a connection between atomic solvation structure observed in MD simulations and redox reaction kinetics measured in electrochemical experiments, thus revealing the significance of the solvation environment of reduced and oxidized species for electrokinetics in deep eutectic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Klein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Rohan Akolkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Burcu E Gurkan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Edward J Maginn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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3
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Gera R, Moll CJ, Bhattacherjee A, Bakker HJ. Water-Induced Restructuring of the Surface of a Deep Eutectic Solvent. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:634-641. [PMID: 35020401 PMCID: PMC8785180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the molecular-scale structure of the surface of Reline, a DES made from urea and choline chloride, using heterodyne-detected vibrational sum frequency generation (HD-VSFG). Reline absorbs water when exposed to the ambient atmosphere, and following structure-specific changes at the Reline/air interface is crucial and difficult. For Reline (dry, 0 wt %, w/w, water) we observe vibrational signatures of both urea and choline ions at the surface. Upon increase of the water content, there is a gradual depletion of urea from the surface, an enhanced alignment, and an enrichment of the surface with choline cations, indicating surface speciation of ChCl. Above 40% w/w water content, choline cations abruptly deplete from the surface, as evidenced by the decrease of the vibrational signal of the -CH2- groups of choline and the rapid rise of a water signal. Above 60% w/w water content, the surface spectrum of aqueous Reline becomes indistinguishable from that of neat water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gera
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Huib J. Bakker
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Kumar M, Anjali, Dhingra D, Yadav A, Pandey S. Effect of lithium salt on fluorescence quenching in glycerol: a comparison with ionic liquid/deep eutectic solvent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:459-467. [PMID: 34897318 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It was reported earlier that the addition of LiCl to the deep eutectic solvent (DES) ChCl:Urea (composed of the salt choline chloride and the H-bond donor urea in 1 : 2 molar ratio) and the addition of LiTf2N [Tf2N:(CF3SO2)2N] to the ionic liquid (IL) [C2C1im][Tf2N] ([C2C1im]:1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium), respectively, results in an increase in the dynamic viscosity of the medium. However, as the concentration of the Li salt is increased, instead of decreasing, the bimolecular quenching rate constant (kq) for the quenching of pyrene fluorescence by nitromethane is observed to first increase and only then decreases within both media. This unusual initial increase in quenching is hypothesized to be due to structural changes in the DES ChCl:Urea and the IL [C2C1im][Tf2N], respectively, as the Li salt is added. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the physical properties and fluorescence quenching behavior between 1 wt% water in glycerol solution which has similar viscosity to that of the DES ChCl:Urea with the aforementioned DES and IL in the presence of lithium salt as media. In complete contrast, irrespective of the temperature, kq is found to decrease monotonically with increasing concentration of LiCl within 1 wt% water in glycerol media. These findings therefore highlight the unusual characteristics of ILs and DESs as solubilizing media. The ionic nature of the IL and the high concentration of ions in the DES are deemed responsible for these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India.
| | - Anjali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India.
| | - Divya Dhingra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India.
| | - Ankit Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India.
| | - Siddharth Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India.
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Lu J, Zhou X, Sun J, Xu M, Zhang M, Zhao C. Small dop of comonomer, giant shift of cloud point: Thermo‐responsive behavior and mechanism of poly(methylacrylamide) copolymers with an upper critical solution temperature. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Lu
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Xionglin Zhou
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Jialin Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Mengdi Xu
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China
| | - Chuanzhuang Zhao
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo China
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7
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Tiecco M, Di Guida I, Gentili PL, Germani R, Bonaccorso C, Cesaretti A. Probing the structural features and the micro-heterogeneity of various deep eutectic solvents and their water dilutions by the photophysical behaviour of two fluorophores. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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8
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Rajbangshi J, Mukherjee K, Biswas R. Heterogeneous Orientational Relaxations and Translation–Rotation Decoupling in (Choline Chloride + Urea) Deep Eutectic Solvents: Investigation through Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Dielectric Relaxation Measurements. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5920-5936. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juriti Rajbangshi
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macro-molecular Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD-Block, Sector-III, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Kallol Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macro-molecular Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD-Block, Sector-III, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Ranjit Biswas
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macro-molecular Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD-Block, Sector-III, Kolkata 700106, India
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9
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Dhingra D, Khokhar V, Juneja S, Pandey S. Donor-acceptor complex formation in tetra-n-butylammonium chloride: n-decanoic acid deep eutectic solvent. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:164513. [PMID: 33940819 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex formation between pyrene (Py) and N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) is presented in a deep eutectic solvent constituting of tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (TBAC) and n-decanoic acid (DA) in a 1:2 mol ratio, respectively, named TBAC:DA. The addition of DMA to a Py solution of TBAC:DA results in the formation of a fluorescent Py-DMA charge-transfer complex, which is manifested via a broad structureless bathochromically shifted band centered at 550(±2) nm. The solvatochromic nature of the Py-DMA fluorescent complex indicates the solvent polarity of TBAC:DA to be higher than that of methanol. The absence of a negative pre-exponential factor in the intensity decay at 550 nm combined with the excitation scans implies the presence of weak interaction between Py and DMA in the ground-state, leading to the rapid formation of a Py-DMA complex possibly at a sub-nanosecond time scale. The Stern-Volmer quenching constant (KSV) varies from 53(±2) to 96(±1) M-1, and the bimolecular quenching rate constant (kq) varies from 3.0(±0.4) × 108 to 8.8(±1.3) × 108 M-1 s-1 by increasing the temperature (T) from 283.15 to 313.15 K, implying efficient deactivation of electron-acceptor Py in the excited-state induced effectively by the electron-donor DMA within TBAC:DA. ln kq varies linearly with 1/T with an activation energy (Ea) of 26.4(±0.4) kJ mol-1. The linear behavior between kq and 1/η suggests conformity to the Stokes-Einstein relationship within TBAC:DA. The Py-DMA complex formation efficiency increases with an increase in T and reaches maxima at 298.15 K before decreasing with a further increase in T. The initial reduction in η favors Py-DMA complex formation; this effect is overcome by preferential thermal deactivation of the Py-DMA fluorescent complex as compared to that of pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Dhingra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vaishali Khokhar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shreya Juneja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Siddharth Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Hansen BB, Spittle S, Chen B, Poe D, Zhang Y, Klein JM, Horton A, Adhikari L, Zelovich T, Doherty BW, Gurkan B, Maginn EJ, Ragauskas A, Dadmun M, Zawodzinski TA, Baker GA, Tuckerman ME, Savinell RF, Sangoro JR. Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Review of Fundamentals and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 121:1232-1285. [PMID: 33315380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 727] [Impact Index Per Article: 181.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an emerging class of mixtures characterized by significant depressions in melting points compared to those of the neat constituent components. These materials are promising for applications as inexpensive "designer" solvents exhibiting a host of tunable physicochemical properties. A detailed review of the current literature reveals the lack of predictive understanding of the microscopic mechanisms that govern the structure-property relationships in this class of solvents. Complex hydrogen bonding is postulated as the root cause of their melting point depressions and physicochemical properties; to understand these hydrogen bonded networks, it is imperative to study these systems as dynamic entities using both simulations and experiments. This review emphasizes recent research efforts in order to elucidate the next steps needed to develop a fundamental framework needed for a deeper understanding of DESs. It covers recent developments in DES research, frames outstanding scientific questions, and identifies promising research thrusts aligned with the advancement of the field toward predictive models and fundamental understanding of these solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benworth B Hansen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996-2200, United States
| | - Stephanie Spittle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996-2200, United States
| | - Brian Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Derrick Poe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Klein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alexandre Horton
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996-2200, United States
| | - Laxmi Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Tamar Zelovich
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Brian W Doherty
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Burcu Gurkan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Edward J Maginn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996-2200, United States
| | - Mark Dadmun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, United States
| | - Thomas A Zawodzinski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996-2200, United States
| | - Gary A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Mark E Tuckerman
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Robert F Savinell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joshua R Sangoro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996-2200, United States
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Kang H, Guan L, An K, Tian D. Preparation and physicochemical properties of konjac glucomannan ibuprofen ester as a polysaccharide-drug conjugate. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1821709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Kang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianxiong Guan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai An
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dating Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, People’s Republic of China
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Chen X, Cui Y, Gobeze HB, Kuroda DG. Assessing the Location of Ionic and Molecular Solutes in a Molecularly Heterogeneous and Nonionic Deep Eutectic Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4762-4773. [PMID: 32421342 PMCID: PMC7304071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
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Deep
eutectic solvents (DES) are emerging sustainable designer
solvents viewed as greener and better alternatives to ionic liquids.
Nonionic DESs possess unique properties such as viscosity and hydrophobicity
that make them desirable in microextraction applications such as oil-spill
remediation. This work builds upon a nonionic DES, NMA–LA DES,
previously designed by our group. The NMA–LA DES presents a
rich nanoscopic morphology that could be used to allocate solutes
of different polarities. In this work, the possibility of solvating
different solutes within the nanoscopically heterogeneous molecular
structure of the NMA–LA DES is investigated using ionic and
molecular solutes. In particular, the localized vibrational transitions
in these solutes are used as reporters of the DES molecular structure
via vibrational spectroscopy. The FTIR and 2DIR data suggest that
the ionic solute is confined in a polar and continuous domain formed
by NMA, clearly sensing the direct effect of the change in NMA concentration.
In the case of the molecular nonionic and polar solute, the data indicates
that the solute resides in the interface between the polar and nonpolar
domains. Finally, the results for the nonpolar and nonionic solute
(W(CO)6) are unexpected and less conclusive. Contrary to
its polarity, the data suggest that the W(CO)6 resides
within the NMA polar domain of the DES, probably by inducing a domain
restructuring in the solvent. However, the data are not conclusive
enough to discard the possibility that the restructuring comprises
not only the polar domain but also the interface. Overall, our results
demonstrate that the NMA–LA DES has nanoscopic domains with
affinity to particular molecular properties, such as polarity. Thus,
the presented results have a direct implication to separation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Yaowen Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Habtom B Gobeze
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Daniel G Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Dhingra D, Bhawna, Pandey A, Pandey S. Fluorescence Quenching by Nitro Compounds within a Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4164-4173. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Dhingra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Bhawna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ashish Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Siddharth Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Barik S, Chakraborty M, Sarkar M. How Does Addition of Lithium Salt Influence the Structure and Dynamics of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents? J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2864-2878. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahadev Barik
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Bhimpur-Padanpur,
Jatni, Khurda, 752050 Odisha, India
| | - Manjari Chakraborty
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Bhimpur-Padanpur,
Jatni, Khurda, 752050 Odisha, India
| | - Moloy Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Bhimpur-Padanpur,
Jatni, Khurda, 752050 Odisha, India
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Bhawna B, Dhingra D, Pandey A, Pandey S. Norharmane prototropism in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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