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Rudnicki K, Sobczak K, Karpiński R, Borgul P, Powałka E, Skrzypek S, Poltorak L. Phenylethylamine sensing at the electrified liquid-liquid interface. Can electrochemistry be used to follow the UHT milk spoilage process? Food Chem 2024; 442:138407. [PMID: 38241999 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
This study involved an investigation into the electrochemical characteristic of a few biogenic amines (BAs) occurring at the polarized interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) with ion transfer voltammetry (ITV). The main focus of this research was the comprehensive electroanalytical and physicochemical analysis of phenylethylamine (PEA), allowing the determined of the formal Galvani potential of the ion transfer reaction (ΔorgaqΦ'), diffusion coefficients (D), formal free Gibbs energy of the ion transfer reaction (ΔG'aq→org) and water-1,2-dichloroethane partition coefficient (logPwater/DCEPEA). Furthermore, the collected data were employed to calculate analytical parameters, including voltametric detection sensitivity, limits of detection and the target analyte quantification. Moreover, the influence of the presence of 7 other BAs (histamine, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine and tryptamine) on the recorded signals originating from the PEA ion transfer was checked. The feasibility of the developed method was corroborated through experimentation with milk samples. Additionally, utilizing the devised methodology, an electrochemical assessment of the spoilage progression in milk samples was undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Rudnicki
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Karolina Sobczak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Robert Karpiński
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Borgul
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Emilia Powałka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomira Skrzypek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
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Balamurugan TST, Stelmaszczyk P, Wietecha-Posłuszny R, Poltorak L. Electroanalytical characterization of clozapine at the electrified liquid-liquid interface and its detection in soft and hard drinks. Analyst 2024; 149:2073-2083. [PMID: 38415352 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02188b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Clozapine (CZ) is a prescribed benzodiazepine psychiatric drug that is often possessed as an illicit drug and is associated with drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA) due to its strong sedative capabilities. Hence, we propose an electrified liquid-liquid interface (eLLI) based transducing element as an alternative electroanalytical platform for rapid screening of CZ in soft and hard drinks which is habitually associated with DFSA crimes. First, molecular partitioning and the effect of chemical composition, pH, and the presence of ethanol in the biphasic configuration of the aqueous phase on the interfacial behaviour and analytical performance of the CZ at the eLLI have been investigated with voltammetry. Next, the electrochemical profiles of various soft and hard drinks were studied at the eLLI. The eLLI-based CZ sensor has shown a broad dynamic range (15-150 μM), lower detection limits (1μM), and adequate reliability towards rapid CZ screening in spiked soft and hard drink samples with reference to the standard chromatographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj S T Balamurugan
- Electrochemistry@Soft Interfaces Team, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paweł Stelmaszczyk
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Electrochemistry@Soft Interfaces Team, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
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Jetmore HD, Anupriya ES, Cress TJ, Shen M. Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions Electrodes for Chemical Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16519-16527. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry David Jetmore
- University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | | | - Tanner Joe Cress
- University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Mei Shen
- University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
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Kowalewska K, Sipa K, Kaczmarek K, Skrzypek S, Poltorak L. Interfacial Synthesis of Nylon‐6.6 and Its Modification with Silver‐Based Nanoparticles at the Electrified Liquid‐Liquid Interface. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Sipa
- University of Lodz: Uniwersytet Lodzki Faculty of Chemistry POLAND
| | | | | | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Uniwersytet Lodzki Faculty of Chemistry Tamka 12 90-403 Lodz POLAND
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Trojánek A, Mareček V, Samec Z. Bovine serum albumin adsorption at a polarized water/1,2‐dichloroethane interface with no effect on the ion transfer kinetics. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Trojánek
- J Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences: Ustav fyzikalni chemie J Heyrovskeho Akademie Ved Ceske Republiky Department of biophysics Dolejškova 3 18223 Prague 8 CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Vladimír Mareček
- J Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences: Ustav fyzikalni chemie J Heyrovskeho Akademie Ved Ceske Republiky Management Dolejskova 3 18223 Prague 8 CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Zdenek Samec
- J Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences: Ustav fyzikalni chemie J Heyrovskeho Akademie Ved Ceske Republiky Department of Electrocatalysis Dolejskova 3 18223 Prague 8 CZECH REPUBLIC
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Solvent-Free Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Novel Potential 1,3,4-Thiadiazole-Based Molecules against Microbial Pathogens. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020342. [PMID: 35056655 PMCID: PMC8779762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles was synthesized by the reaction of methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) hydrazine-1-carbodithioate (2) with selected derivatives of hydrazonoyl halide by grinding method at room temperature. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized derivatives were resolved from correct spectral and microanalytical data. Moreover, all synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities using Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. However, compounds 3 and 5 showed significant antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. The other prepared compounds exhibited either only antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria like compounds 4 and 6, or only antifungal activity like compound 7. A molecular docking study of the compounds was performed against two important microbial enzymes: tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and N-myristoyl transferase (Nmt). The tested compounds showed variety in binding poses and interactions. However, compound 3 showed the best interactions in terms of number of hydrogen bonds, and the lowest affinity binding energy (−8.4 and −9.1 kcal/mol, respectively). From the in vitro and in silico studies, compound 3 is a good candidate for the next steps of the drug development process as an antimicrobial drug.
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Gamero-Quijano A, Bhattacharya S, Cazade PA, Molina-Osorio AF, Beecher C, Djeghader A, Soulimane T, Dossot M, Thompson D, Herzog G, Scanlon MD. Modulating the pro-apoptotic activity of cytochrome c at a biomimetic electrified interface. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg4119. [PMID: 34739310 PMCID: PMC8570605 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death via apoptosis is a natural defence against excessive cell division, crucial for fetal development to maintenance of homeostasis and elimination of precancerous and senescent cells. Here, we demonstrate an electrified liquid biointerface that replicates the molecular machinery of the inner mitochondrial membrane at the onset of apoptosis. By mimicking in vivo cytochrome c (Cyt c) interactions with cell membranes, our platform allows us to modulate the conformational plasticity of the protein by simply varying the electrochemical environment at an aqueous-organic interface. We observe interfacial electron transfer between an organic electron donor decamethylferrocene and O2, electrocatalyzed by Cyt c. This interfacial reaction requires partial Cyt c unfolding, mimicking Cyt c in vivo peroxidase activity. As proof of concept, we use our electrified liquid biointerface to identify drug molecules, such as bifonazole, that can potentially down-regulate Cyt c and protect against uncontrolled neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Gamero-Quijano
- The Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Shayon Bhattacharya
- The Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Pierre-André Cazade
- The Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Andrés F. Molina-Osorio
- The Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Cillian Beecher
- The Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Ahmed Djeghader
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Manuel Dossot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l’Environnement, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Damien Thompson
- The Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Grégoire Herzog
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l’Environnement, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Micheál D. Scanlon
- The Bernal Institute, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
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Nassab CN, Arooj M, Shehadi IA, Parambath JBM, Kanan SM, Mohamed AA. Lysozyme and Human Serum Albumin Proteins as Potential Nitric Oxide Cardiovascular Drug Carriers: Theoretical and Experimental Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7750-7762. [PMID: 34232651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide-containing drugs present a critical remedy for cardiovascular diseases. Nitroglycerin (NG, O-NO) and S-nitrosoglutathione (SNG, S-NO) are the most common nitric oxide drugs for cardiovascular diseases. Insights regarding the binding affinity of NO drugs with lysozyme and human serum albumin (HSA) proteins and their dissociation mechanism will provide inquisitive information regarding the potential of the proteins as drug carriers. For the first time, the binding interactions and affinities are investigated using molecular docking, conventional molecular dynamics, steered molecular dynamics, and umbrella sampling to explore the ability of both proteins to act as nitric oxide drug carriers. The molecular dynamics simulation results showed higher stability of lysozyme-drug complexes compared to HSA. For lysozyme, cardiovascular drugs were bound in the protein cavity mainly by the electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions with residues ASP53, GLN58, ILE59, ARG62, TRP64, ASP102, and TRP109. For HSA, key binding residues were ARG410, TYR411, LYS414, ARG485, GLU450, ARG486, and SER489. The free energy profiles produced from umbrella sampling also suggest that lysozyme-drug complexes had better binding affinity than HSA-drug. Binding characteristics of nitric oxide-containing drugs NG and SNG to lysozyme and HSA proteins were studied using fluorescence and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The relative change in the fluorescence intensity as a function of drug concentrations was analyzed using Stern-Volmer calculations. This was also confirmed by the change in the UV-vis spectra. Fluorescence quenching results of both proteins with the drugs, based on the binding constant values, demonstrated significantly weak binding affinity to NG and strong binding affinity to SNG. Both computational and experimental studies provided important data for understanding protein-drug interactions and will aid in developing potential drug carrier systems in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahlaa N Nassab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - Mahreen Arooj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - Ihsan A Shehadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - Javad B M Parambath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - Sofian M Kanan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, UAE
| | - Ahmed A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
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Sakač N, Madunić-Čačić D, Marković D, Hok L, Vianello R, Šarkanj B, Đurin B, Hajdek K, Smoljan B, Milardović S, Matasović B, Jozanović M. Potentiometric Surfactant Sensor Based on 1,3-Dihexadecyl-1 H-benzo[ d]imidazol-3-ium for Anionic Surfactants in Detergents and Household Care Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123627. [PMID: 34198483 PMCID: PMC8231998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 1,3-dihexadecyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium-tetraphenylborate (DHBI-TPB) ion-pair implemented in DHBI-TPB surfactant sensor was used for the potentiometric quantification of anionic surfactants in detergents and commercial household care products. The DHBI-TPB ion-pair was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and computational analysis which revealed a crucial contribution of the C-H∙∙∙π contacts for the optimal complex formation. The DHBI-TPB sensor potentiometric response showed excellent analytical properties and Nernstian slope for SDS (60.1 mV/decade) with LOD 3.2 × 10-7 M; and DBS (58.4 mV/decade) with LOD 6.1 × 10-7 M was obtained. The sensor possesses exceptional resistance to different organic and inorganic interferences in broad pH (2-10) range. DMIC used as a titrant demonstrated superior analytical performances for potentiometric titrations of SDS, compared to other tested cationic surfactants (DMIC > CTAB > CPC > Hyamine 1622). The combination of DHBI-TPB sensor and DMIC was successfully employed to perform titrations of the highly soluble alkane sulfonate homologues. Nonionic surfactants (increased concentration and number of EO groups) had a negative impact on anionic surfactant titration curves and a signal change. The DHBI-TPB sensor was effectively employed for the determination of technical grade anionic surfactants presenting the recoveries from 99.5 to 101.3%. The sensor was applied on twelve powered samples as well as liquid-gel and handwashing home care detergents containing anionic surfactants. The obtained results showed good agreement compared to the outcomes measured by ISE surfactant sensor and a two-phase titration method. The developed DHBI-TPB surfactant sensor could be used for quality control in industry and has great potential in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Sakač
- Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.J.); Tel.: +385-915830336 (N.S.); +385-996865716 (M.J.)
| | - Dubravka Madunić-Čačić
- Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia;
- Saponia Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Foodstuff Industry, Inc., 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dean Marković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Lucija Hok
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.H.); (R.V.)
| | - Robert Vianello
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.H.); (R.V.)
| | - Bojan Šarkanj
- Department of Food Technology, University North, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia;
| | - Bojan Đurin
- Department of Civil Engineering, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia;
| | - Krunoslav Hajdek
- Department of Packaging, Recycling and Environmental Protection, University North, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia; (K.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Božo Smoljan
- Department of Packaging, Recycling and Environmental Protection, University North, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia; (K.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Stjepan Milardović
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Marija Jozanović
- Department of Chemistry, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.J.); Tel.: +385-915830336 (N.S.); +385-996865716 (M.J.)
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Interfacial association of ferritin with anionic fluorescent probe at the 1,2-dichloroethane/water interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Gamero-Quijano A, Dossot M, Walcarius A, Scanlon MD, Herzog G. Electrogeneration of a Free-Standing Cytochrome c-Silica Matrix at a Soft Electrified Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4033-4041. [PMID: 33761740 PMCID: PMC8562870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of a protein with a solid-liquid or a liquid-liquid interface may destabilize its conformation and hence result in a loss of biological activity. We propose here a method for the immobilization of proteins at an electrified liquid-liquid interface. Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is encapsulated in a silica matrix through an electrochemical process at an electrified liquid-liquid interface. Silica condensation is triggered by the interfacial transfer of cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium, at the lower end of the interfacial potential window. Cyt c is then adsorbed on the previously electrodeposited silica layer, when the interfacial potential, Δowϕ, is at the positive end of the potential window. By cycling of the potential window back and forth, silica electrodeposition and Cyt c adsorption occur sequentially as demonstrated by in situ UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy. After collection from the liquid-liquid interface, the Cyt c-silica matrix is characterized ex situ by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, confocal Raman microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, showing that the protein maintained its tertiary structure during the encapsulation process. The absence of denaturation is further confirmed in situ by the absence of electrocatalytic activity toward O2 (observed in the case of Cyt c denaturation). This method of protein encapsulation may be used for other proteins (e.g., Fe-S cluster oxidoreductases, copper-containing reductases, pyrroloquinoline quinone-containing enzymes, or flavoproteins) in the development of biphasic bioelectrosynthesis or bioelectrocatalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Gamero-Quijano
- The
Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural
Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Manuel Dossot
- Université
de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Micheál D. Scanlon
- The
Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural
Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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Liu C, Ma Y, Nan J, Wang L. Ion Transfer-Resolved Fusion Impacts of Single Droplets Probed at the Liquid/Liquid Interface. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15394-15402. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ya Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Junmin Nan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lishi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Zalka D, Péter L. On the evolution and application of the concept of electrochemical polarization. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper yields an overview on the evolution of the concept of polarization applied to electrochemical systems, ranging from electrodes to cells. The historical discussion starts at the early phase of the development of electrochemistry when current-controlled measurements were possible only, and when the early definitions of polarization, depolarization and depolarizer were created. A number of contemporary handbooks, recommendations and other reference resources are listed in which these concepts are represented in various ways, from conservative definitions to attempts of redefining them. The traditional definitions are confronted with the everyday use of professional language, drawing attention to the fact that the widespread application of potential-controlled electrochemical measurements led to new meanings. Some suggestions are made that open room for the application of the term of polarization in accord with the modern methodologies, without compromising the traditional introduction of the term. Polarization-related phenomena in biological membranes are not dealt with in the present work.
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