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Gaudin LF, Wright IR, Harris-Lee TR, Jayamaha G, Kang M, Bentley CL. Five years of scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM): new insights and innovations. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12345-12367. [PMID: 38874335 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00859f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is a nanopipette-based technique which enables measurement of localised electrochemistry. SECCM has found use in a wide range of electrochemical applications, and due to the wider uptake of this technique in recent years, new applications and techniques have been developed. This minireview has collected all SECCM research articles published in the last 5 years, to demonstrate and celebrate the recent advances, and to make it easier for SECCM researchers to remain well-informed. The wide range of SECCM applications is demonstrated, which are categorised here into electrocatalysis, electroanalysis, photoelectrochemistry, biological materials, energy storage materials, corrosion, electrosynthesis, and instrumental development. In the collection of this library of SECCM studies, a few key trends emerge. (1) The range of materials and processes explored with SECCM has grown, with new applications emerging constantly. (2) The instrumental capabilities of SECCM have grown, with creative techniques being developed from research groups worldwide. (3) The SECCM research community has grown significantly, with adoption of the SECCM technique becoming more prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan F Gaudin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia.
| | - India R Wright
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia.
| | - Thom R Harris-Lee
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Gunani Jayamaha
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia
| | - Minkyung Kang
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia
| | - Cameron L Bentley
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia.
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Makogon A, Noël JM, Kanoufi F, Shkirskiy V. Deciphering the Interplay between Local and Global Dynamics of Anodic Metal Oxidation. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1129-1137. [PMID: 38197168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The stark difference between global and local metal oxidation dynamics underscores the need for methodologies capable of performing precise sub-μm-scale and wide-field measurements. In this study, we present reflective microscopy as a tool developed to address this challenge, illustrated by the example of chronoamperometric Fe oxidation in a NaCl solution. Analysis at a local scale of 10 s of μm has revealed three distinct periods of Fe oxidation: the initial covering of the metal interface with a surface film, followed by the electrochemical conversion of the formed surface film, and finally, the in-depth oxidation of Fe. In addition, thermodynamic calculations and the quantitative analysis of changes in optical signal (light intensity), correlated with variations in refractive indexes, suggest the initial formation of maghemite, followed by its subsequent conversion to magnetite. The reactivity maps for all three periods are heterogeneous, which can be attributed to the preferential oxidation of certain crystallographic grains. Notably, at the global scale of 100 s of μm, reactivity initiates at the electrode border and progresses toward its center, demonstrating a unique pattern that is independent of the local metal structure. This finding underscores the significance of simultaneously employing sub-μm-precise, quantitative, and wide-field measurements for a comprehensive description of metal oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Marc Noël
- ITODYS, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
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Lai Z, Huang F, Wen L, Zhao Z, Jin Y. Study on Microelectrochemical Inhomogeneity of an SA508-309 L/308L Overlay Welded Joint. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 38032091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The corrosion behavior of the dissimilar metal welded joint (DMWJ) is highly dependent on its heterogeneous microstructures. However, directly measuring the electrochemical properties of microstructures in different heat-affected zones (HAZs) is a formidable challenge, because traditional bulk electrochemistry can only offer an average signal. Herein, the microelectrochemical properties of an SA508-309L/308L DMWJ were measured in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution using lithography and capillary techniques. Specifically, high-throughput microelectrochemical tests, including open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), were conducted on 168 spots (Φ 12 μm). Results revealed five typical EIS responses and seven varieties of PDP curves (different magnitudes of the current density). The maps of thermodynamic and kinetic metrics, such as polarization resistance derived from EIS, corrosion potentials, and corrosion currents extracted from potentiodynamic polarization curves, demonstrated good consistency. The uniform corrosion tendency of the SA508 HAZ subregions during the immersion tests is basically consistent with its Ecorr_avg order of subcritical HAZ (C5, -371 mV) < intercritical HAZ (C4, -546 mV) < fine-grained HAZ2 (C3, -579 mV) < fine-grained HAZ1 (C2, -593 mV). The random presence of inclusions leads to highly heterogeneous microelectrochemical properties of the DMWJ, thereby causing localized corrosion to occur preferentially. Moreover, the macroscopic corrosion behavior is affected by the corrosion products, which display a protective effect that modifies the local electrochemical activity of the SA508 HAZ. The combination of microelectrochemical properties allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the macroscopic corrosion behavior of metals and the galvanic effect between the heterogeneous microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogui Lai
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Wen
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhao
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Jin
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Lai Z, Liu M, Bi P, Huang F, Jin Y. Perspectives on Corrosion Studies Using Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy: Challenges and Opportunities. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15833-15850. [PMID: 37844123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) allows for electrochemical imaging at the micro- or nanoscale by confining the electrochemical reaction cell in a small meniscus formed at the end of a micro- or nanopipette. This technique has gained popularity in electrochemical imaging due to its high-throughput nature. Although it shows considerable application potential in corrosion science, there are still formidable and exciting challenges to be faced, particularly relating to the high-throughput characterization and analysis of microelectrochemical big data. The objective of this perspective is to arouse attention and provide opinions on the challenges, recent progress, and future prospects of the SECCM technique to the electrochemical society, particularly from the viewpoint of corrosion scientists. Specifically, four main topics are systematically reviewed and discussed: (1) the development of SECCM; (2) the applications of SECCM for corrosion studies; (3) the challenges of SECCM in corrosion studies; and (4) the opportunities of SECCM for corrosion science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogui Lai
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Peng Bi
- Laboratory for Nuclear Materials, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Feifei Huang
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Ying Jin
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
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Sun X, Liu S, Hu P, Sun S, Xie Z, Hu G, Hu D, Zhang M. Microscale Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of Four Corrosion Inhibitors (BTA, MBI, MBT, and MBO) on Archeological Silver Artifacts Based on Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14686-14694. [PMID: 37713524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The problem of corrosion-induced discoloration and embrittlement in silverware is a significant concern for the long-term preservation of excavated archeological silver artifacts, even after thermal restoration. The key to addressing this issue lies in the meticulous selection and evaluation of corrosion inhibitors that possess targeted corrosion inhibition capabilities. This study focuses on the evaluation of corrosion inhibitors for archeological silver artifacts using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The researchers aimed to compare the inhibition effects of four corrosion inhibitors [1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA), 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), and 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO)] on a simulated Ag-Cu alloy sample and understand their mechanisms. The results showed that MBT exhibited better corrosion inhibition for microstructural regions with higher silver content due to its ability to form stable chelation structures with Ag(I). MBO exhibited better corrosion inhibition for microstructural regions with higher copper content due to its strong affinity with Cu(I). The targeted corrosion inhibition ability for the β-phase was ranked as MBO > BTA ≈ MBI > MBT, while for the α-phase the ranking was MBT > MBO > MBI > BTA. The study demonstrated the feasibility and capabilities of SECCM in the targeted screening of corrosion inhibitors for different compositions and microstructural regions in archeological metal artifacts. This study highlights the potential of SECCM in corrosion inhibitor research for archeological metal artifacts and wider applications in metal material corrosion protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shengyu Liu
- The International Center for Chinese Heritage and Archaeology, Key Laboratory of Archaeological Science, Ministry of Education, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100020, China
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- The International Center for Chinese Heritage and Archaeology, Key Laboratory of Archaeological Science, Ministry of Education, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Hu
- The International Center for Chinese Heritage and Archaeology, Key Laboratory of Archaeological Science, Ministry of Education, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongbo Hu
- The International Center for Chinese Heritage and Archaeology, Key Laboratory of Archaeological Science, Ministry of Education, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Gaudin LF, Kang M, Bentley CL. Facet-Dependent Electrocatalysis and Surface Electrochemical Processes on Polycrystalline Platinum. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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7
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Xu X, Valavanis D, Ciocci P, Confederat S, Marcuccio F, Lemineur JF, Actis P, Kanoufi F, Unwin PR. The New Era of High-Throughput Nanoelectrochemistry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:319-356. [PMID: 36625121 PMCID: PMC9835065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Paolo Ciocci
- Université
Paris Cité, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Samuel Confederat
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Faculty
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,
| | | | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,
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